-- Create database named "universal"

CREATE DATABASE [universal]

-- Use the "universal" database

USE [universal]

-- Create student table

CREATE TABLE [student] (

s_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

fname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,

lname VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,

s_tell_phone INT,

email VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE

-- Create staff table

CREATE TABLE [staff] (

staff_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL

-- Create books table

CREATE TABLE [books] (

ISBN BIGINT PRIMARY KEY,

autho_id INT,

title VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

category VARCHAR(50),

edition VARCHAR(50),

price FLOAT,

publisher_id INT

)
-- Create publisher table

CREATE TABLE [publisher] (

publisher_id INT PRIMARY KEY,

name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,

years_of_publisher INT

-- Create tracks table

CREATE TABLE [tracks] (

s_id INT,

staff_id INT,

PRIMARY KEY (s_id, staff_id),

FOREIGN KEY (s_id) REFERENCES [student](s_id),

FOREIGN KEY (staff_id) REFERENCES [staff](staff_id)

-- Create issue table

CREATE TABLE [issue] (

s_id INT,

ISBN BIGINT,

issue_date DATE,

return_date DATE,

PRIMARY KEY (s_id, ISBN),

FOREIGN KEY (s_id) REFERENCES [student](s_id),

FOREIGN KEY (ISBN) REFERENCES [books](ISBN)

-- Create publishes table

CREATE TABLE [publishes] (

ISBN BIGINT,
 publisher_id INT,

PRIMARY KEY (ISBN, publisher_id),

FOREIGN KEY (ISBN) REFERENCES [books](ISBN),

FOREIGN KEY (publisher_id) REFERENCES [publisher](publisher_id)

-- Create maintain table

CREATE TABLE [maintain] (

staff_id INT,

ISBN BIGINT,

PRIMARY KEY (staff_id, ISBN),

FOREIGN KEY (staff_id) REFERENCES [staff](staff_id),

FOREIGN KEY (ISBN) REFERENCES [books](ISBN)

-- Insert values into student table

INSERT INTO [student] (s_id, fname, lname, s_tell_phone, email)

VALUES

(1, 'Dessie', 'Tegegne', 935244056, '[email protected]'),

(2, 'Miki', 'Belay', 945244056, '[email protected]'),

(3, 'Getnet', 'Mihret', 96944089, '[email protected]'),

(4, 'Melat', 'Abebe', 96988882056, '[email protected]'),

(5, 'Kebede', 'Ayele', 9869244056, '[email protected]'),

(6, 'Abreham', 'Tsegaye', 935244056, '[email protected]'),

(7, 'Ethiopia', 'Desalegn', 935244056, '[email protected]'),

(8, 'Zemenu', 'Tegege', 935244056, '[email protected]'),

(9, 'Kedur', 'Kiki', 935246856, '[email protected]'),

(10, 'Helen', 'Babie', 9358864056, '[email protected]')

-- Update student table

UPDATE [student]
SET fname = 'Kidist'

WHERE s_id = 10

-- Insert values into staff table

INSERT INTO [staff] (staff_id, name)

VALUES

(1, 'Wondosen'),

(2, 'Abbibo')

-- Insert values into books table

INSERT INTO [books] (ISBN, autho_id, title, category, edition, price, publisher_id)

VALUES

(47855452, 2, 'Oromayee', 'Fiction', '2nd', 123, 1),

(896742, 8, 'Extreme Bio', 'Education', '4th', 200, 2)

-- Insert values into publisher table

INSERT INTO [publisher] (publisher_id, name, years_of_publisher)

VALUES

(78, 'Asternega', 2003),

(669, 'Kuraz House', 2013)

-- Insert values into tracks table

INSERT INTO [tracks] (s_id, staff_id)

VALUES (1, 2)

-- Insert values into issue table

INSERT INTO [issue] (s_id, ISBN, issue_date, return_date)

VALUES (3, 47855452, '2000-06-12', '2020-01-25')

-- Insert values into publishes table

INSERT INTO [publishes] (ISBN, publisher_id)

VALUES (47855452, 669)

-- Insert values into maintain table

INSERT INTO [maintain] (staff_id, ISBN)

VALUES (2, 47855452)

1. SQL code to retrieve all the students in the student table:

SELECT * FROM student

A. Relational algebra expression for retrieving all students:

π(*)(student)

2. SQL code to retrieve a student with an id value of 10:

SELECT * FROM student WHERE id = 10

A. Relational algebra expression for retrieving a student with an id value of 10:

σ(id=10)(student)

3. SQL code to retrieve students' Fname, Email, and Id:

SELECT Fname, Email, Id FROM student

A. Relational algebra expression for retrieving students' Fname, Email, and Id:

π(Fname, Email, Id)(student)

4. SQL code to retrieve students' Fname, Email, and Id with an Id value of 10 and student
name is "kidst":
SELECT Fname, Email, Id FROM student WHERE Id = 10 AND Fname = 'kidst'

A. Relational algebra expression for retrieving students' Fname, Email, and Id with an Id value of 10 and
student name is "kidst":

π(Fname, Email, Id)(σ(Id=10 AND Fname='kidst')(student))

5. SQL code to retrieve S_ID, Fname, Email, and PhoneNo of a student:

SELECT S_ID, Fname, Email, PhoneNo FROM student

A. Relational algebra expression for retrieving S_ID, Fname, Email, and PhoneNo of a student:

π(S_ID, Fname, Email, PhoneNo)(student)

6. SQL code to fetch S_ID, Fname, ISBN, Title, Publisher, IssueDate, and ReturnDate:
SELECT S_ID, Fname, ISBN, Title, Publisher, IssueDate, ReturnDate FROM student JOIN books ON
student.S_ID = books.S_ID

A. Relational algebra expression for fetching S_ID, Fname, ISBN, Title, Publisher, IssueDate, and
ReturnDate:

π(S_ID, Fname, ISBN, Title, Publisher, IssueDate, ReturnDate)(student ⨝ S_ID=books.S_ID books)

B. SQL code to create a view for the above query:

CREATE VIEW student_books_view AS

SELECT S_ID, Fname, ISBN, Title, Publisher, IssueDate, ReturnDate FROM student JOIN books ON
student.S_ID = books.S_ID

C. SQL code to alter the created view by including book price in the display list:

ALTER VIEW student_books_view AS

SELECT S_ID, Fname, ISBN, Title, Publisher, IssueDate, ReturnDate, Price FROM student JOIN books ON
student.S_ID = books.S_ID

D. SQL code to drop the altered view:

DROP VIEW student_books_view

7. SQL code to create an index on fname of the student table:

CREATE INDEX idx_fname ON student (fname)

8. SQL code to drop a table (syntax; do not execute):

DROP TABLE table_name

9. SQL code to drop the whole database (syntax; do not execute):

DROP DATABASE database_name

10. SQL code to backup the created database on your local machine:
The process of backing up a database may vary depending on the specific DBMS being used. Here's an
example for MySQL:

mysqldump -u your_username -p your_database_name > /path/to/backup_file.sql

11. SQL code to specify the size of your database:

The exact syntax for retrieving the size of a database may vary depending on the DBMS being used.

SELECT table_schema AS database_name,

SUM(data_length + index_length) AS database_size_bytes,

ROUND(SUM(data_length + index_length) / (1024*1024), 2) AS database_size_mb

FROM information_schema.tables

WHERE table_schema = 'your_database_name'

GROUP BY table_schema

GROUP MEMBERS ID

1. Dessie Tegegne ---------------- BDU1411401

2 Hilemikael Belay -------------- BDU1411308

3.Zemenu yihenew --------------BDU1411392

4.Elias Tamru ---------------------- BDU1411263

5.Getachewu Mekonnen ------- BDU1411296

6.Dawit Mulugeta ---------------- BDU1411251

7.Ermiyase Gashawu ------------- BDU1411268

8.Abel Andualem ------------------BDU1411130

9.Sewale Abebaw ------------------BDU1411387

10.Tewelde Fisha ------------------ BDU1411313