String Handling in Java

What is String?
⚫ Java String contains an immutable sequence of Unicode
characters.

⚫ Immutable class means that once an object is created, we

cannot change its content

⚫ Java String is different from string in C or C++, where (in

C or C++) string is simply an array of char.

⚫ String class is encapsulated under java.lang package.

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 ⚫ The basic aim of String Handling concept is storing the
string data in the main memory (RAM), manipulating the
data of the String, retrieving the part of the String etc

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 Char & String
⚫ Character
It is an identifier enclosed within single quotes (' ').
Example: 'A', '$', 'p'

⚫ String:
String is a sequence of characters enclosed within
double quotes (" ") is known as String.
Example: "Java Programming".

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 String In Details
⚫ In java programming to store the character data we have a
fundamental datatype called char.

⚫ Similarly to store the string data and to perform various

operation on String data, we have two predefined classes
they are:
1. String
2. StringBuffer

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 1.String
⚫ String class object is immutable that means when we
create an object of String class it never changes in the
existing object.
Example:
class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
String s=new String("java");
System.out.println(s);
}
}
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 Methods of String class

1.length()
This method is used to get the number of character of
any string.
2. charAt(index)
This method is used to get the character at a given
index value.

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 class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
int l;
char c;
String s=new String("Java");

l=s.length();
System.out.println("Length: "+l);

c=s.charAt(2);
System.out.println("Character: "+c);

}
}
Que.Write down a program in java to accept two string from user and compare if they are of
same length or different
Que.Write down a program in java to accept three strings from user and print the strings having
‘i’
At index 2
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 3. toUpperCase()
This method is use to convert lower case string into
upper case.
4. toLowerCase()
This method is used to convert upper case string into
lower case.

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 class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
String s="Java";
System.out.println("String:"+s.toUpperCase());
System.out.println("String:"+s.toLowerCase());
}
}

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 ⚫ 5. concat()
This method is used to combine two strings.

class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
String s1="Hitesh";
String s2="Raddy";
System.out.println("Combined String: "+s1.concat(s2));
}
}
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 6 .equals(): This method is used to compare two strings,
It return true if strings are same
otherwise return false.
It is case sensitive method.

7. equalsIgnoreCase(): This method is used to compare two

strings
This method is case insensitive method,
It return true if the contents of both strings are same
otherwise false.

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 class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
String s1="Hitesh";
String s2="HITESH";
System.out.println("Compare String: "+s1.equals(s2));

System.out.println("Compare String: “ +s1.equalsIgnoreCase(s2));

}
}

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 8. startsWith():
This method return true if string is start with given another
string, otherwise it returns false.

9. endsWith(): This method return true if string is end with

given another string, otherwise it returns false.

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 class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
String s="Java is programming language";
System.out.println(s.startsWith("Java"));
System.out.println(s.endsWith("language"));
}
}

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 10.subString(): This method is used to get the part of given
string.

class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
String s="Java is programming language";
System.out.println(s.substring(8));
}
}

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 class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
String s="Java is programming language";
System.out.println(s.substring(8, 12));
}
}

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 11.split(): This method is used to divide the given string into
number of parts based on delimiter (special symbols like @
space , ).
class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
String s="[email protected]";
String[] s1=s.split("@");
for(String c:s1)
{
System.out.println(c);
}
}
}
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 12.replace(): This method is used to return a duplicate
string by replacing old character with new character.
Note: In this method data of original string will never be
modify.
class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
String s1="java";
String s2=s1.replace('j', 'k');
System.out.println(s2);
}
}
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 Exercise Questions on String
1 WAP in Java to Display “This is java Programming it
is also known as object oriented programming” and
replace space “ “ with “*” asteric
2. WAP in java to input email id from user and identify
the e mail box used
3.

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 2.StringBuffer
⚫ It is a predefined class in java.lang package can be used to
handle the String, whose object is mutable that means content
can be modify.

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 1.reverse(): This method is used to reverse the given
string and also the new value is replaced by the old
string.
class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("java code");
System.out.println(sb.reverse());
}
}

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 2.insert(): This method is used to insert either string or
character or integer or real constant or boolean value
at a specific index value of given string.
class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("this is my java code");
System.out.println(sb.insert(11, "first "));
}
}

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 3.append(): This method is used to add the new string at the
end of original string.
class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("java is easy");
System.out.println(sb.append(" to learn"));
}
}

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 4. replace() This method is used to replace any old string
with new string based on index value.
class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("This is my code");
System.out.println(sb.replace(8, 10, "java"));
}
}

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 5. deleteCharAt(): This method is used to delete a
character at given index value.
class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("java");
System.out.println(sb.deleteCharAt(3));
}
}

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 6. delete(): This method is used to delete string form
given string based on index value.
class StringHandling
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer("java is easy to learn");
StringBuffer s; s=sb.delete(8, 13); System.out.println(sb);
}
}

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 Difference between equals() method and ==
operator
⚫ equals() method always used to comparing contents of both
source and destination String.
⚫ == Operator is always used for comparing references of both
source and destination objects but not their contents.

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