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111 views23 pages

String 1

1

Uploaded by

dikdigantabd
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 5

Exploring Strings
Strings
• A string is defined as null terminated character array.
• A string must be terminated by a null – means that we need one
byte extra for holding null character.
• A string constant is null-terminated by the compiler automatically.
• Each character takes one byte in string.
Read Strings from Keyboard
• There are several ways-
• Using scanf() function-
• for string C use “%s” format specifier
• String - input form KB - scanf – 1
• string - input from KB - scanf – 2

• Most common is: gets()


gets()
• C’s standard library function
• uses the STDIO.H header file
• To use – call it using the name of a character array without
any index.
char str[100];
gets(str);

• get() function reads character until we press ENTER


• The ENTER key (carriage return - \r) is not stored, but is
replaced by a null, which terminates the string.
gets() …
page 145

Here null is false


to control the loop
that output the string
gets() - Be aware!
• The get() function performs no bounds checking.
• It is possible to enter more characters than the array
receiving them can hold – unwanted result!
• For example, if we call gets() with an array that is 20
characters long, there is no mechanism to stop us from
entering more than 20 character.
puts()
• C’s standard library function
• uses the STDIO.H header file
• To use – call it using the name of a character array without
any index.
char str[100] = “This is it”;
puts(str);
puts()

Example
Initialize String

Example
STRING.H
• The four most string related library functions are
1. strcpy() – for copy

2. strcat() – for concatenation

3. strcmp() – for compare two strings

4. strlen() – for finding length of a string


strcpy()
strcpy (to, from);

• It copies the contents of from to to.


strcpy()
String – strcpy 1
strcpy()
String – strcpy 2
strcat()

strcat (to, from);

• adds the contents of one string (from) to another (to).


strcat()
strcat()
strcmp()
strcmp(s1,s2);

• It returns zero – if s1 and s2 same (s1 = s2)

• It returns less than zero – if s1 less than s2 (s1 < s2)

• It returns greater than zero – if s1 greater than s2 (s1 > s2)


strcmp()
Example 1

Example 2
strlen()
strlen (str);

• returns the length, in characters of a string.


• It does not count the null terminator
strlen()
Example
strrev()
strrev (str);

• returns the string in revers order.


• It does not count the null terminator

• Example

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