MG8591- Principles of Management Department of CSE/IT 2023-2024

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS

Definition of Management-Science or Art-Manager Vs Entrepreneur-types of managers-

Managerial roles and skills-Evolution of Management-Scientific, human relations,
system and contingency approaches-Types of Business organization-Sole
proprietorship, partnership, company-Public and private sector enterprises-
Organization culture and Environment-Current trends and issues in Management

UNIT I - PART A
1 Define Management. ( May 2022, May 2019, Dec 2018, Dec 2021)
Management is the process of designing and maintaining an environment in which
individuals, working together in groups, accomplish their aims effectively and
efficiently. According to Koontz and Weilhrich "Management is process of designing
and maintaining of an environment in which individuals working together in groups,
efficiently and efficiently attain the organizational goals."
2 Write the functions of management. (May 2016, Dec 2017)
Planning; Organizing; Staffing; Coordinating, leading and controlling. These five
functions are part of a body of practices and theories on how to be a successful
3 What are the various skills required by a manager? (Dec 2018)
Managers require three kinds of skills- Technical Skill – Knowledge of and proficiency
in working with tools and technology-Human Skill – Ability to work with people-
Conceptual Skill – Ability to recognize important element in a situation and understand
its relationship.
4 Write some characteristics of Management.
Management is a continuous process. 2) Managers use the resources of the organization
both physical as well as human to achieve the goals. 3) Management aims at achieving
the organization goals by ensuring effective use of resources.
5 State the roles of Manager. (May 2010, May 2014, Dec 2016, Dec 2018)
P – Planning; O – Organizing; S – Staffing D – Directing; CO – Coordinating; R –
Reporting; B – Budgeting

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6 Define Productivity. (May 2009, May 2014)

Productivity =

It implies effectiveness and efficiency in individual and organizational performance

(within a time period, considering required quality in both operational and financial
health of an organization)
7 What is Effectiveness &Efficiency? (Dec 2010)
Effectiveness is the achievement of objectives and Efficiency is the achievement of the
ends with the least amount of resources. Effectiveness is doing right things & efficiency
is doing things rightly.
8 What are management levels?
1)Top level management
2) Middle level management
3) Lower-level management.
9 Write some important functions of top-level management. (May 2007)
Formulate goals (long term and short term) and policies (quality policy and
management policy) of the organization; formulate budgets (financial and operational)
and appoint top functional administrative executives

10 What is Social responsibility?

Social responsibility is the part of the management to initiate actions to protect the
interest of the society. Managing here implies monitoring of natural resources
(preservation, adopting biodegradation technologies, green concepts and recycling
initiatives) and initiative towards green manufacturing.
11 Write Fayol's fourteen principles of management.
1)Division of work. 2) Authority and Responsibility. 3) Discipline. 4) Unity of
command. 5) Unity of direction. 6) Subordination of Individual interest to general
interest. 7) Remuneration. 8) Centralization 9) Scalar chain. 10) Order. 11) Equity. 12)
Stability of Tenure. 13) Initiative. 14) Esprit de Corps.
12 Justify - Management is both a science and an art.
Management is science because of several reasons—it has universally accepted
principles, it has cause and effect relationship, etc, and at the same time it is art as it
requires perfection through practice, practical knowledge, creativity, personal skills, etc.
Management is both art and science.

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13 What is scalar chain?
A clear line of communication is very important for any organization to achieve its
objectives. The communication must flow in an order for it to be effective. Scale chain
identifies that path. The instructions and orders should be sent from the top
management to the lower management. The chain of command should be well defined
for achieving operational excellence on par with quality performance. The directions for
the financial year would be communicated effectively using the chain of command such
that the entire organization travels with the same or common vision and mission
towards achieving excellence.
14 What is Esprit-de-corps?
It means ‘Unity is strength’. In an organization, amongst the employees there should be
harmony and unity. The morale of the team will enhance teamwork and result in
productivity improvement of the organization.
15 List out the claimants of the business enterprise.
1)Shareholders.
2) Employees.
3) Customers.
4) Creditors.
5) Suppliers. 6) Government.
16 What are the major contributions of Taylor?
The major contributions of F.W.Taylor are as follows; He developed the principle of
division of labor/work. He developed method study; He advocated time study; He
developed certain principles to breakup each job into small independent elements; He
developed the concept of fair day’s work; He proposed the concept of functional
organization.
17 What is time study?
Time study refers to the measuring of (under controlled conditions) the time for
completing a particular task (process time) using specific Methods and Materials. This
will be useful in arriving at a scientific standard for each work task in the marketing
process. The same will be used for arriving at the selling price of the product, labor
utilization, company improvement activities and setting benchmarks in functional
streams of the organization.

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18 What is motion study?
Taylor suggested that eliminating wasteful movements and performing only necessary
movements. In this regard, Motion study is a systematic way of determining the best
method of doing the work by scrutinizing the motions made by the worker or the
machine. As per Gilbreath it is the science of eliminating the wastefulness due to
unnecessary motions. He was interested in finding the one best way to do the job.
19 Define partnership.
Under the Indian Partnership Act of 1932, Partnership is defined as –“the agreed
relation between persons who have agreed to share the profits of a business carried on
by all or by any one of them acting for all”.
20 What do you mean by ‘unity of command’? (Dec 2010)
Unity of command is an important principle proposed by Henry Fayol. This implies
that an employee should receive orders from one superior only. This is referred to as
Chain of Command and always the direction or flow of orders defines effective
communication practices in an organization.
21 What is Centralization? (Dec 2018)
The organization is centralized when the power is concentrated in the hands of few
people. This will affect the transparency and lacuna in decision making that will
hamper the growth and development of an organization and the pace with which the
company compete with its competitors.

22 What is Decentralization? (May 2016)

The organization is decentralized when the power is fully distributed to the
subordinates of the organization. This will increase the transparency and effective
communication and eliminates chaos and confusion with data disparity.
23 Write any two functions of middle level management.
To train, motivate and develop supervisory level; To monitor and control the operations
performance.
i) Interpreting Policies
(ii) Preparing Organizational Set-up
(iii) Appointing Employees
(iv) Issuing Instructions
(v) Motivating Employees
(vi) Creating Cooperation

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24 What is Ethics?

All individuals in business or non-business activities are concerned with some

standardized forms of behavior are known as ethics. Ethics is based on well-founded
standards of right and wrong that prescribe what humans ought to do, usually in terms
of rights, obligations, benefits to society, fairness, or specific virtues.
25 What is an organization culture? (May 2017)
Organizational culture is a system of shared assumptions, values, and beliefs, which
governs how people behave in organizations. These shared values have a strong
influence on the people in the organization and dictate how they dress, act, and perform
their jobs.
26 Give the current trends in management. (Dec 2016)

The current trends in management are globalization, technology, sustainability and

corporate social responsibility, integrating psychology theory and research into
management practice, Business Ecosystems, Cross functional teams, leveraging social
media.

27 Mention the role of Managers (Dec 2021)

1. Interpersonal-Figurehead, Leader Liaison

2. Informational - Monitor, Disseminator Spokesperson
3. Decisional- Entrepreneur, Negotiator, Resource Allocator Disturbance Handler

28 Write any two points favour for management as a science. (Dec 2019)

Science is an organized or systematized body of knowledge pertaining to a particular

field of enquiry. Science is systematized in the sense that it establishes cause and effect
relationship between different variables

29 Write the meaning for Entrepreneur. (May 2019)

An entrepreneur is the owner of the enterprise. An entrepreneur needs s to possess

qualities and qualifications like high achievement motive, originality in thinking,
foresight, and risk-bearing ability and so on.

30 Distinguish between management and administration. (Nov 2022)

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Management Administration
Art of getting things done through others Formulation of broad objective, plans &
by directing their efforts towards Policies.
achievement of predetermined goals.
Executing function, doing function. Decision Making function, Thinking
function
Decisions within the framework set by Major decisions of an enterprise.
the administration.
Group of managerial personnel who use Consists of owners who invest capital in and
their specialized knowledge to full fill receive profits from an enterprise.
the objective of an enterprise.

31

How does an entrepreneur differ from manager? (Dec 2019, May 2022)

Entrepreneur Manager

1 The main motive of an But, the main motive of a manager is to

entrepreneur is to start a render his services in an enterprise
venture by setting up an already set up by someone else i.e.,
enterprise. He understands the entrepreneur.
venture for his personal
gratification.

2 Entrepreneur himself thinks But, what a manager does is simply to

over what and how to produce execute the plans prepared by the
goods to meet the changing entrepreneur.
demands of the customers.
Thus, a manager simply translates the
Hence, he acts as an innovator
entrepreneur’s ideas into practice.
also called a change agent

32 Distinguish between public and private limited companies. (May 2018)

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Public company Private company

1. A company whose shares are Business firm in the private sector of

publicly traded and are usually an economy, controlled and
held by a large number of operated by private individuals.
shareholders

2. The usual term is public limited Used also as an alternative term for
company. A government private limited company.
owned company such as an
airline or public transit company.

3. Example: WAPDA, PTCL & Tapal Pvt. Ltd., Habib Bank.

SNGPL

33 What is scientific management? (Nov 2022)

Scientific management (also called the Taylor system) is a theory of management that
analyses and synthesizes workflows, with the objective of improving labour
productivity. In other words, Traditional rules of thumb are replaced by precise
procedures developed after careful study of an individual at work.

UNIT I - PART B

1 What are the managerial skills required at different levels of management.

(May 2013)
2 Explain the importance of management. How Differentiate management with
administration.
3 Explain about the environmental factors affecting management policy making.
(May2013)
4 Explain the Henry Fayol’s principles of management. ( May 2022, Dec2019)

5 Explain the contributions of FW Taylor. (May 2018)

6 Explain the role of managers in detail. (Dec 2012)

7 Explain different types of business organization. ( May 2019, May 2022)

8 Discuss the management functions as related to trends and challenges in management of

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global scenario. (Dec 2019)
9 Is Management art or science? Discuss. (May 2019)
10 Distinguish between three kinds of managerial skill and explain why managers are
divided into different departments to perform their tasks more efficiently and effectively
(Dec 2021)
11 Elucidate about the evolution of management thought. (Dec 2021)
12. Explain in detail about the different types of business organization. (Nov 2022)

13. Compare and contrast between F.W.Taylor and Henry Fayol approach. (Nov 2022)

UNIT I - PART C
1 Management is the art of getting work done through people”. Explain the various
functions of Management in the light of the statement. ( Dec 2019)

2 From Indian and international context, With a suitable case study explain in detail the
different types of business organization with their suitability.

UNIT II - PLANNING
Nature and purpose of planning-Planning process-Types of planning-Objectives-Setting
objectives-Policies-Planning premises-Strategic Management-Planning tools and
Techniques – Decision making steps and process

UNIT II - PART A
1 Define planning. (May 2008, May 2016, May 2019)
The determination of what is to be done, how and where it is to be done, who is to do it
and how results are to be evaluated. In manufacturing industries the project kick start
will be done with a prepared TIME PLAN that captures all the functional activities
against time/target (Quality, Manufacturing, R&D, Purchase, Marketing) pertaining to
various departments, consolidated and submitted to the stakeholders for carrying out
the activities listed in the PLAN.
2 What are Rules?
Statement of expected results expressed in quantitative terms. Rules are framed based
on the management objectives, project target and customer requirements. Actual vs.
achieved matrix is plotted to analyse the project shortcomings and will necessitate
remedial measures/actions to avoid time delay.
3 What are the types of planning?
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Short range, long range, repeated, single use and functional planning are the types of
planning.
4 Define Budget.
Budget is termed as a financial plan for the current financial year, say 2014-2015,
prepared by an organization based on business forecast, customer demand, market
fluctuations, administrative, overhead expenses, and internal objectives. This will give
directions to the management to raise capital investment through various means to feed
the project thus aligning with the objectives and vision of the company.
5 What are the Qualities of good plan?
Simple, logical, flexible, practical, and stable. It must be complete and integrated.
6 Define Procedure.
It is a series of related task that up the chronological sequence and the established way
of performing the work to be accomplished. Procedure takes care of project
shortcomings and accommodates flexibility in executing the project time plan.
7 Define Objectives. (Dec 2009)
Objectives are set of goals that aligns with the MBO (management by objective)
communicated across the organization to guide the efforts of the company and each of
its components, that will streamline the organization giving definitive and clear-cut
directions with which the organization move forward.
8 Define MBO? (Nov 2022, Dec 2016, Dec 2017)
MBO- Management by Objective. It is a process whereby the superior
(management/board of directors) and subordinate of an organization jointly identify
common goal, define each individual’s major areas of responsibility in terms of results
expected of him and use these measures as guides for operating the unit /organization
and assessing the contribution of each of its members.
9 List out the Benefits of planning. (May 2008)
Emphasis on objectives, minimizes uncertainty, facilitates control, improves
coordination, secure economy, ensure healthy environment, encourage innovation and
improve competitive strength.
10 State different strategies of Porter’s generic strategy.
Overall cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy and focused strategy are the
strategies of Porter’s generic strategy.
11 What are Policies? (May 2007, May 2014, Dec 2016, May 2022)

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Verbal, written, or implied overall guide setting up boundaries that supply the general
limits and direction in which managerial action will take place. The company policy is
framed thinking upon the vision statement and guided by definitive directions towards
achieving the prime objectives like inclusive growth, financial stability, and market
capitalization.
12 Define Planning Premises. (May 2008, May 2018)
Anticipated environment in which plans are expected to operate. They include
assumptions or forecasts of the future and known conditions that will affect the
operation of plans. The environment here implies conducive which will promote
businesses and arena for new innovations that will bring brand equity and presence in
the domestic and international market.
13 Define Strategy Planning. (Dec 2010, May 2014)
Determination of basic long-term objectives and of courses of action and allocation of
resources to achieve these objectives lay down by the Management. Strategy will be
time based and measured for pros and cons to eliminate hurdles or constraints that
hamper the transformation process which will make the strategy into a workable
solution.
14 Define MIS. (Dec 2009)
A management information system or MIS is an information system used for decision-
making, and for the coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of information in
an organization. The study of the management information systems involves people,
processes, and technology in an organizational context. MIS is more advanced
technology for solving the basic requirements of a management system. MIS is used for
decision making in the various functional areas of business. MIS provides day to day
operational data and schedules planned and achieved to the management for taking
rationalized decisions.
15 What are zero base budgets?
Initially the budget is designed from a zero base. The main element of ZBB is future
objective orientation.
This ZBB would provide elementary capital/investment projection that the
management or board require to arrange (through own, funded agencies, financial
institutions, PSU and Banks) for supporting the business.
16 What is meant by Strategy? (Dec 2019)

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Strategy of an organization is the program of action and deployment of resources to
attain its objectives.
17 What is DSS? (Dec 2010)
DSS – Use computers to facilitate the decision-making process of semi structured tasks.
This will be liked with MIS and thus warrants for actions to be taken irrespective of
priorities and will limit misunderstandings among employees in carrying out the work
based on priorities.
18 What is the purpose/objective of planning? (May 2017, Dec 2017)
To determine the direction of an organization, to minimize wastages, to reduce the risk
or uncertainty, to facilitate control over operations and finance of a company,
manpower utilization and societal considerations.
19 List the planning tools in business management. (May 2017)
 SWOT Analysis.
 Gap Analysis.
 PEST Analysis.
 Five Forces Analysis.
20 What is intuitive decision making? (May 2018)
Intuition is receiving input and ideas without knowing exactly how and where you got
them from. Intuitive decision making is far more than using common sense because it
involves additional sensors to perceive and get aware of the information from outside.
Sometimes it is referred to as gut feeling, sixth sense, inner sense, instinct, inner voice,
spiritual guide, etc. It is related to developing a higher consciousness in order to train
these sensors and to make the process of receiving information intuitively a more
conscious one.
21 What is TOWS matrix?
It is a conceptual framework for systematic analysis, which facilitates matching the
external threats and opportunities (SWOT-Strength; Weaknesses; Opportunity and
Threats) with the internal weakness and strength of the organization. This will facilitate
check and balances that the project team needs to initiate for hurdle free execution of the
project/goals.

22 What is meant by Strategic management? (May 2019)

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Strategic management involves:
 Analyzing internal and external strengths and weaknesses
 Formulating action plans
 Executing action plans
 Evaluating to what degree action plans have been successful and making changes
when desired results are not being produced.
23 Distinguish between strategic and tactical planning.(Nov2022,May 2022)
Strategic Planning Tactical Planning
A strategic plan is when you look at A tactical plan is when you focus on the
the long-term goals you want to specific steps you need to take to
achieve. You would use strategic achieve a goal. This kind of planning
planning when you want to reach a process focuses on the day-to-day
broad life or career goal. actions you need to complete.
This kind of plan gives you a general A tactical plan is useful when you need
idea of how you're going to reach your to break a long-term goal into smaller
goals. Rather than listing all the parts. For example, if you want to find a
details, it looks at the broader actions new job, there are many short-term
you may need to take. goals to accomplish throughout the
process.
Your strategic plan will look at your Your tactical plan will look at your daily
general mission, values, and operations, actions, and efforts.
aspirations.
24 What are the techniques useful while evaluating alternatives? (Dec 2019)
 Quantitative and Qualitative analysis
 Marginal analysis
 Cost effectiveness analysis
25 Identify Internal and External planning premises. ( Dec 2021)
Internal Premises come from the business itself. It includes the skills of the labor force,
investment policies of the company, management style, sales forecasts, etc.
External Premises come from the external environment. That is economic, technological,
social, political, and even cultural environment.
26 What are the classifications of budget? (Dec 2021)

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Functional classification- Sales, production, cash, capital and master budget; Time
classification- short term, current and long term budget; Activity level- Fixed and
flexible budget.
27. Differentiate MBO from MBE. ( Dec 2021)
S. Management By Objectives Management By Exception
No
1. MBO is a process of defining MBE is policy by which management
objectives within an organization so devotes its time to investigate only
that management and employee those situations in which actual result
agree to the objectives and differs significantly from planned
understand what they need to do in results.
the organization
2. Employee participation is high on Employee Participation is minimal on
decision making decision making
3. No responsibility ambiguity as Responsibility ambiguity as clearly
responsibilities is clearly assigned. assigned
4. Dependency on one group or Dependency on one group or
department is low department is high
UNIT II – PART B

1 Analyze the importance of planning and explain the steps involved in it.(Dec2019)

2 Explain in detail about the classification of planning practices. ( Dec 2016)

3 Explain the various techniques of decision making. ( May 2017)

4 Explain the steps involved in strategy formulation and the implementation process.
(Dec 2012)
5 List out the features of planning and explain it. (May 2016)

6 Define MBO. Explain the process of MBO and steps involved in it.
( May 2022)
7 Classify the types of goals organizations might have and the plans they use for
accomplishment. (May 2018)
8 Discuss in detail about the steps involved in planning. (Nov 2022)

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9 Elucidate the types of decisions and explain the process of decision making. (Dec 2017,
May 2019, May 2022)
10 Explain various tools and techniques in Strategic planning. (Dec 2021)

11 Explain in detail about the Decision-making steps and process. (Nov 2022)

12 Discuss various forecasting techniques normally adopted.

13 Distinguish between programmed & non programmed Decisions and discuss the modern
approaches to Decision making under uncertainty.
UNIT-II PART-C
1 In detail explain the importance of planning in the present Indian business environment.
Also highlight the different types of plans.
2 Discuss with a case study, how managers can effectively plan in today’s dynamic
environment?

UNIT III - ORGANISING

Nature and purpose-Formal and informal organization-Organization chart-

Organization structure-Types-Line and staff authority-Departmentalization-Delegation
of authority-Centralization and decentralization-Job Design- Human Resource
Management-HR Planning, Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development,
Performance Management, Career planning and management

UNIT III - PART A

1 Define Organizing. (May 2016)
Organizing is the process of identifying and activities required to attain the objectives,
delegating, creating responsibility, and establishing relationships with people to work
effectively.
2 Mention the three categories of relationships in span of management.
Direct single relationship;
direct group relationships;
Cross relationship
3 List out the steps involved in organization process.
1] Identifying the Work

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2] Grouping of Work

3] Establish Hierarchy

4] Delegation of Authority

5] Coordination.

4 Mention the various principles involved in organization.

 Principle of unity of objective,
 Principle of division of work or specialization,
 Principle of efficiency &Principle of span of control
5 Mention any four characteristics of an organization.
 Division of Work: Organization deals with the whole task of business

 Co-Ordination: Co-ordination of various activities is as essential as their division.

 Common Objectives:

 Co-operative Relationship:

 Well-Defined Authority-Responsibility Relationships

6 State the important factors in determining an effective span of management.

Capacity of superior, Capacity of subordinates, Nature of work, Type of technology,
Delegation of authority and Organizational Structure.

7 What are the types of departmentalization? (May 2008)

Departmentalization by function, departmentalization by territory or geography,
departmentalization by customers, departmentalization by equipment or process and
departmentalization by product or service.

8 State the advantages of departmentalization by function. (Dec 2009)

It is most logical, scientific, time proven and natural method of departmentalization - It
provides specialization of work which makes maximum utilization of manpower
and other resources - It ensures proper performance control - It facilitates delegation
of authority and therefore, reduces the burden of top executives.

9 State the disadvantages of departmentalization by function. (May 2010)

 There is a tendency for overspecialization - The department managers are

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experts in handling the problems in their department alone. They may not be able to
understand the problem of other departments.
 Functional departmentalization discourages communication across functions so that
the workers develop a narrow technical point of horizontal conflicts- It increases
the workload and responsibility of the departmental heads- It does not offer any
scope for training for the overall development of manager.
10 What is meant by on-the-job training? (Nov 2022)
Training is a process of learning a sequence of programmed behavior. It improves the
employee's performance on the current job and prepares them for an intended job. It
enhances the skills, capabilities, and knowledge of employees for doing a particular Job.

11 What is meant by delegation of authority? (Nov 2022)

Delegation of authority means the granting of authority to the subordinates to operate
within prescribed limits. It is the essence of management and is a very important factor
in a formal organization. Everyone in the organization should clearly know to whom he
is accountable, corresponding to the responsibility authority is delegated to the
subordinates for enabling to show work performance.

12 Define authority. (May 2009)

"Authority is the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience". It is termed as
destined responsibility by the management or board of directors to the top-level
executives.

13 What is staff authority?

A staff person assists the line people in attaining their objectives. Staff authority is
purely advisory. Types of staff authority are a) Advisory staff authority, b) Compulsory
staff authority and c) Concurrent staff authority.

14 What is departmentalization by process?

Departmentalization by Process or Equipment: Under this type of departmentalization,
activities are grouped because of production processes or equipment involved. In
process centric manufacturing industries like Petrochemical, FMCG, Power generation,
Chemical and Fertilizers production plants the production process will be unique and
continuous.

15 What is Performance Appraisal? What are the different methods/techniques of

Performance appraisal? ( May 2022 , May 2018)

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Performance Appraisal is evaluating the actual performance of the employee for
determining the compensation and identifying the potential of the employees.
Methods/Techniques of Performance Appraisal:(i) Trait-based appraisal; Graphic scale
method, ranking method, grading system, forced distribution method, check list
method, Critical incident method, group appraisal (ii)Appraisal by results: MBO,
Behaviorally Anchored Rating(BARS), Assessment Centre, 360 degree performance
appraisal.

16 State the types of organizational charts.

 Vertical or Top-to-Bottom chart;
 Horizontal or Left-to-right chart;
 Circular or concentric chart.
The organization structure reveals the chain of command added with the authorization
or power destined to individual member base on the job profile and company
directions.

17 Define recruitment.

B.Flippo defined recruitment as “the process of searching for prospective employees

and simulating for jobs in the organization”
18 Define “Departmentalization”. (Dec 2016)
Departmentalization is the foundation of organization structure. It means division of
work into smaller units, and they are – grouped into bigger units (Departments) on the
basis of similarity of features. Each department is headed by a person known as
departmental manager. Division of work into depts. Leads to specialization as people of
one department perform activities related to that department only.

19 What is delegation of authority? (May 2017)

The Delegation of Authority is an organizational process wherein, the manager divides his
work among the subordinates and gives them the responsibility to accomplish the
respective tasks.

20 Define Job design. (May 2018)

It is the process of Work arrangement (or rearrangement) aimed at reducing or

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overcoming job dissatisfaction and employee alienation arising from repetitive and
mechanistic tasks. Through job design, organizations try to raise productivity levels by
offering non-monetary rewards such as greater satisfaction from a sense of personal
achievement in meeting the increased challenge and responsibility of one's work.

21 What is Selection? (Dec 2019)

Selection is the process of picking or choosing the right candidate, who is most suitable
for a vacant job position in an organization. Selection of an employee is a process of
choosing the applicants, who have the qualifications to fill the vacant job in an
organization.
22 What is the meaning of Formal Organization? (May 2019)
The structure of jobs and positions with clearly defined functions and relationship as
prescribed by the top management and bound by rules, systems and procedures.
23 Distinguish between authority and Power? (May 2018)
BASIS FOR
POWER AUTHORITY
COMPARISON

Power means the ability

The legal and formal right to
or potential of an
give orders and commands,
Meaning individual to influence
and take decisions is known as
others and control their
an Authority.
actions.

It is a formal right, given to the

What is it? It is a personal trait.
high officials.

Knowledge and
Source Position & office
expertise.

Power does not follow Authority follows the

Hierarchy
any hierarchy. hierarchy.

Resides with Person Designation

Legitimate No Yes

24 State the purpose of Organizing. (Dec 2017, May 2022)

1. Increase in Managerial Efficiency
2. Proper Utilization of Resources
3. Sound Communication Possible
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4. Facilitates Coordination
5. Increase in Specialization
6. Helpful in Expansion.

25 Experiment the term Design. (May 2019)

Design Management is a problem-solving process that enables innovation and creates
well-designed products, services, communications, environments, and brands that
enhance the quality of life and provide organizational success.
26 What are various stages of staffing process? Depict with a diagram
External environment

Enterprise
plans

Organisation
plans External
sources
Recruitment Appraisal
Analysis of Selection
Number and kinds present and Career
of managers future needs Placement Strategy
required for managers
Internal Promotion
sources
Separation Training
&Develop
Manager ment
inventory

27 What is line authority? (Dec 2019)

Line authority is the direct authority which a superior exercise over a number of
subordinates to carry out orders and instructions. In an organizing process, authority is
delegated to the individuals to perform the activities.

28 Illustrate organization chart.

An organizational chart shows the internal structure of an organization or company.
The employees and positions are represented by boxes or other shapes, sometimes
including photos, contact information, email and page links, icons, and illustrations.

29 Compare line authority and staff authority (Dec 2021)

BASIS LINE AUTHORITY STAFF AUTHORITY

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Meaning The organization in which The organization structure, in
the authority and which specialist are added to the
responsibility moves line managers to provide guidance
downward, and and support, is called line and staff
accountability flows organization.
upward, is called line
organization.
Authority Command Command and Advise
Discipline Strict Loose
Executives Line executives are Line executives are generalist and
generalist. staff executives are specialist.
Degree of Absolute centralization Partly centralized and partly
centralizati decentralized
on

UNIT III - PART B

1 Explain the Training methods in detail. (May 2012)

2 Explain the types of Departmentation. (Nov 2022)

3 Discuss the Staffing procedure and career development in detail. (Dec 2017)

4 (i) Discuss the types of Centralization.

(ii) Explain about the Organizational culture. (Dec 2016)
5 Explain Human resource management activities in business organization? (May 2017)

6 Describe six key elements in Organizational design. (May 2018)

7 Discuss the tasks associated with identifying and selecting competent employees.

8 Explain line and staff organization. List down its merits and demerits. ( May 2019)

9 Illustrate the steps involved in Recruitment process. (May 2014, May 2019)
(Or) Illustrate the steps involved in selection process. (Dec2021)
10 Explain the process of Selection with a neat sketch. (Dec 2019)

11 Explain the types of Organizations mentioning its advantages and disadvantages?

(Dec 2019)
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12 Describe the various types of training. (Dec2021)

13 What is recruitment? Explain the various sources of recruitment. (Nov 2022,May 2022)

14 What are the types of organizational structure? Explain line and staff organization and list
down its merits and demerits. (May 2022, May 2019)
UNIT-III PART C

1 Define delegation of authority. Discuss in detail about importance, types, elements and
process of delegation of authority. Give suggestion for making delegation effective.

2 Enumerate with a case study in detail about the selection process which is widely
followed in selecting IT professionals. Also highlight the different types of interviews
that can be used in the selection process.

UNIT IV – DIRECTING
Foundations of individual and group behavior-Motivation-Motivation theories-
Motivational techniques- Job satisfaction- Job enrichment-Leadership-Types and
theories of leadership-Communication-Process of communication-Barrier in
communication-Effective communication-Communication and IT
UNIT IV – PART A
1 Define Leading.
It is a process of influencing people so that they will contribute to organization and
group goals. Leading by example and directing the subordinates to be focused and
aligned with the organizational goals and objectives.

2 Define Motivation. ((May 2022, May2019)

It is a process of stimulating people to achieve/ accomplish desired goals. Motivation is
defined as “those forces operating within the individual employee or subordinate which
impel him to act or not or to act in certain ways. Motivation is mainly psychological. It
acts as a driving force for successful implementation of the management objectives
eradicating psychological barriers.
3 What is the role of a Democratic leader?
He consults with subordinates on proposed actions and decisions and encourages
participation from them. A democratic leader listens to his subordinate viewpoints and

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give opportunity for inclusive growth and will lead the team from behind being a
motivator and lead by example.
4 What are the Styles of Leadership? (May 2016, Dec2018)
 Autocratic, Authoritarian, Coercive, or Commanding.
 Affiliative.
 Bureaucratic
 Coaching.
 Democratic, Facilitative, or Participative
 Laissez-Faire or Delegative.
 Emergent.
 Pacesetting.
5 Define Job Enrichment. (May 2017, Dec2017)
It attempts to make a job more varied by removing the dullness associated with
performing /repetitive and monotonous operations. A conductive work environment
with aids for motivation, relaxation and taken care-off attitude from management will
make the employees feel good while during or executing work.
6 What is QWL?
QWL is quality of work life. It is the degree to which members of a work organization
can satisfy important personal needs through their experience in the organization. It
denotes all the organizational inputs which aim at the employee’s satisfaction and
enhancing organizational effectiveness.
7 Define Leadership as an Art.
Leadership is an Art or process of influencing people so that they will strive willingly
and enthusiastically towards achievement of the goal.
8 Define Communication.
Communication is the process of transmitting ideas, facts, opinions and feelings to
others. Communication is a mutual interchange process that occurs between two or
more persons.
9 What are the various types of communication?
Formal, informal, vertical, horizontal, grapevine, written and oral communication.
10 What is Country club management?
In a country club management, the mangers have little or no concern for production, but
are concerned for people or the employees.

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11 What are the types of needs?
Primary Needs: Physiological requirements such as food, sleep, water and shelter.
Secondary needs: Self-esteem status, care, accomplishment and affiliation with others.
12 Explain - Maslow’s Needs. / Elements of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. (Nov2016)
Physiological needs, Safety needs, Social needs, Self- Esteem needs and Self-
actualization needs.

13 Define Incentives.
An incentive is something which stimulates a person towards some determination.
Incentives are a way of motivation and termed as monetary benefits appraised for best
or better performing employees by the organization.
14 Define Expectancy theory.
The Expectancy Theory states that by clarifying the path to achieving good
performance and removing pitfalls and enhancing personal satisfaction for the job, a
leader can more effectively motivate his subordinates in work.

15 What are Job content factors?

Achievement, advancement, responsibility, respect, growth, and development
16 What is Innovation?
Innovation is termed as generation of NEW ideas for existing products/problems and
simpler and modified ways of doing for an existing method. Innovation is a strategy,
that every organization adopts for automation and control over its process/system.
Innovation is a key to successful branding of the company in international market and
be competitive. Innovation helps in up gradation and integration of technologies
example: Mobile phones –Smart phone, where integration of functions is available in a
single system.
17 What is an Equity theory?
Equity theory focuses on determining whether the distribution of resources is fair to
both relational partners. Equity is measured by comparing the ratio of contributions and
benefits for each person.
18 Define Creativity.
Creativity is the ability and power to develop new ideas. This is a virtual idealization of
a system or concept and later develops into a workable product.

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19 What is the importance of leadership?

Securing co-operation, creating confidence in the minds of employees, providing good
working climate.

20 What is meant by downward communication? (Dec 2018)

Downward communication involves a message travelling to one or more receivers at
the lower level in the hierarchy. The message frequently involves directions or
performance feedback. The downward flow of communication generally corresponds
to the formal organizational communications system, which is usually synonymous
with the chain of command or line of authority.
21 What is effective communication? (Dec2016)
Effective communication is defined as verbal speech or other methods of relaying
information that get a point across. An example of effective communication is when you
talk in clear and simple terms.
22 What are the advantages of democratic leadership styles? (May 2022)
 Solution for Complex Problems
 Good Business Fit
 Strong Teams are Built by Democratic Leaders
 Foster Creative Environments

23 What is job satisfaction? (Dec2017)

Job satisfaction is regarding one's feelings or state-of-mind regarding the nature of their
work. Job satisfaction can be influenced by a variety of factors, eg, the quality of one's
relationship with their supervisor, the quality of the physical environment in which they
work, degree of fulfillment in their work, etc.
24 What is the meaning of leadership? (May2019)
Leadership can be described as the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and
enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of an organization or
group of which they are members.

25 Define Brainstorming. (Nov 2022)

Brainstorming is a group problem-solving method that involves the spontaneous
contribution of creative ideas and solutions. This technique requires intensive,

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freewheeling discussion in which every member of the group is encouraged to think
aloud and suggest as many ideas as possible based on their diverse knowledge.
Brainstorming combines an informal approach to problem-solving with lateral thinking,
which is a method for developing new concepts to solve problems by looking at them in
innovative ways. Some of these ideas can be built into original, creative solutions to a
problem, while others can generate additional ideas.
26 What is personality? (May2017)
Personality is usually defined as the set of habitual behaviors, cognitions and emotional
patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors.
27 Illustrate the distinct qualities of a good leader.
 Self-aware and prioritize personal development.
 Focus on developing others.
 Encourage strategic thinking, innovation, and action.
 Ethical and civic minded.
 Practice effective cross-cultural communication.
28 List out few leadership traits. (Nov 2022)
The following are the traits of leadership:
 Self-Managing
 Acting strategically
 Being an effective communicator
 Being Accountable and responsible
 Setting clear goals and persisting in achieving them.
 Having the vision for the future.
 Managing complexity
 Honesty,etc.
UNIT IV - PART B

1 What is motivation? Critically evaluate motivational theories ( Nov 2022 )

2 Explain the various types of leadership with its different styles. ( Dec2018)

3 Explain trait approaches to leadership.

4 List out the various communication networks in an organization

5 What is the computer – based communications in the modern business era?

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6 Difference between motivation and satisfaction. (Dec2016)

7 Compare and contrast early theories of motivation. (May2018, (May 2022)

8 Identify barriers to effective interpersonal communication and how to overcome them.

(May2018, (May 2022)
9 Explain the characteristics of good communication and state its barriers.
( Dec 2021, Nov 2022, May 2019)
10 Critically examine Maslow’s need priority model. (Dec 2021)

11 Summarize the method of motivating employees in an organization. (May 2019)

12 What is Leadership? Explain the different styles of Leadership. (Nov 2022)

13 Classify the types of formal and informal organizational communication in detail.

UNIT IV - PART C

1 In a reputed auto component manufacturing unit with more than 340 workers employed in
two shifts, the pay package and the promotional hike in pay is provided regularly in an
unbiased manner, in spite of the good monetary benefits, the workers are not satisfied nor
motivated towards their job, and there is a delay in the completion of projects and
assigned tasks. Kindly suggest ways to motivate the workers and justify with the
appropriate theory. (Nov 2022)
2 As a consultant hired for the new startup company going to lauch various electrical
accessories, suggest your considerations in the following arena:
 Possible organization structure.
 Styles to be adopted in motivating the employees.
 Activities to be carried out for the launch of the product in terms of planning and
organizing function.
 Dimensions of control including quality control. (May 2022)

UNIT V - CONTROLLING
System and process of controlling-Budgetary and non-budgetary control techniques-
Use of computers and IT in Management Control-Productivity problems and
management-Control and performance-Direct and preventive control-Reporting.

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UNIT V - PART A
1 Interpret the meaning of Controlling. (May 2010, May 2019)
Control is the measurement and correction of performance in order to make sure the
enterprise objectives and the plans devised to attain them are accomplished. In a
manufacturing company we have different control like budgetary control, purchase
control, quality control, vendor quality control and customer quality control etc.
2 What is concurrent control? (May 2011)
Concurrent control implies parallel monitoring and control over the process. This
ensures speedy and precise monitoring that eliminates rejections happening between
stages and delay in detecting failures in a system or a process. Concurrent control
framework ensures overall health monitoring of the system that takes care the undue
occurrences that hamper the growth and development of the system.
3 List out the various types of control. (Nov 2022)
The various types of control in management are:
Production control
Inventory control
Cost control,
Purchase control, etc.
4 Define Budget. (Dec 2011)
A Budget is the financial plan for the current fiscal year duly considering all aspects of
business that will foster growth and development of the firm. It estimates the spending
plan and investment / capital required for the current financial year and projection for
the next to aid planning for capital investment by the management.
5 Define budgetary control. (May 2010, Dec 2019, (May 2022)
A system which uses budgets as a means for planning and controlling all aspects of
producing and selling commodities and services. The CAPEX –capital expenditure is
the term used in the industrial circle.
6 Write the objectives of budgetary control.
It aims at maximization of profits; to plan and control the income and expenditure of
the organization. To provide adequate working capital.
7 What are classifications of budget? (May 2014)
Functional classification- Sales, production, cash, capital, and master budget; Time

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classification- Short, current and long-term budget; Activity level- Fixed and flexible
budget.
8 What are the difference between PERT and CPM?

S. No. CPM PERT

1. It is activity oriented PERT is event oriented

2. CPM is planning It is control device
3. It estimates only one
device It estimates three times
4. It is a deterministic
time It is probabilistic model
9 Define productivity. model (May 2014, Dec 2017)
Productivity is a measure of how much input is required to produce a given output.
The output derived from the inputs processed through series of operations.
Productivity is an average measure of the efficiency of production. It can be expressed
as the ratio of output to inputs used in the production process, i.e. output per unit of
input.

10 Summarize the factor affecting productivity.

1. Motivation factors.
2. Time management factors.
3. Project factors.
4. Human factors.
5. Supervision factors.,
6. Safety and health factors.
11 Define Linear Programming.
It is a mathematical technique in operation research and a plan of action solve a given
problem involving linearly related variables to achieve the laid down objectives in the
form of minimizing or maximizing the objective function under given set of constraints.

12 What is Inventory Control?

Inventory control refers to the control of raw materials and purchased material in store
and regulation of investment in them. Inventory Control is the supervision of supply,
storage, and accessibility of items in order to ensure an adequate supply without
excessive oversupply. It can also be referred as internal control - an accounting

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procedure or system designed to promote efficiency or assure the implementation of a
policy or safeguard assets or avoid fraud and error etc.
13 What is JIT? (May 2007)
Just in time inventory system, in this method the supplier delivers the materials to the
production shop just in time required to be assembled. This method reduces the cost of
inventory. JIT is also referred to as KANBAN/CARD system that maintains 3 cards,
one with end user, one with stores and one with supplier/vendor.

14 What are objectives of value engineering?

VAVE-Value added value engineering is a special type of cost reduction technique. The
steps involved are listed -Modify and improve product design; reduce the product cost;
Increase the profit and simplify the product functionality.
15 What is MNC? (May 2008)
Multinational corporation is an enterprise which own or control production or service
facilities outside the country in which they are based. They have international
reputation and recognition for their technology and brands.
16 Write some advantages of MNC’s. (Dec 2009)
It can promote quality product at low price; MNC leads to increase in production,
aggregate employment, balance in exports and imports of the required inputs (motivate
SME’s and domestic manufacturers) and it increases the government revenues and
contribute to the state economy like GDP.
17 What is work simplification?
It is the process of obtaining the participation of workers in simplifying their work
through time study, motion study, workflow analysis and layout of work situation.
18 Define quality circles.
Quality circles are groups of people, from the same organizational area, who meet
regularly to solve problems they experience at work. Members are trained in solving
problems, in applying statistical quality control and working in groups.
19 Define Purchase control.
Purchase of function is the procurement of materials (domestic and import) to cater the
needs of counter departments in an organization adhering to the MRP –materials
requirement plan from MPS-Master production schedule. Purchase department sit with
Marketing and Vendor quality in negotiating on price and quality with the

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vendors/suppliers.
20 Name at least four budgetary control techniques. (May 2019, (May2022)
 Variance Analysis. First, budgets of different departments are made with estimated
figures.
 Responsibility Accounting. Responsibility accounting is also a good budgetary
control technique.
 Adjustment of Funds
 Zero Base Budgeting (ZBB)
21 What is preventive control in management? (May 2017)
Preventative controls are designed to keep errors or irregularities from occurring in the
first place. They are built into internal control systems and require a major effort in the
initial design and implementation stages.
22 What are the uses of computers in management control? (Nov 2022)
Managers use computers for a variety of reasons, including keeping their teams on
track, budgeting and planning projects, monitoring inventory, and preparing
documents, proposals and presentations. Managers need to understand not only the
basic functions of the corporate software tools used in the office but also the Internet
and other external computing tools that can improve the way they manage their
departments.
23 What is the purpose of PERT.? (Dec 2019)
A PERT chart allows managers to evaluate the time and resources necessary to manage
a project. This evaluation includes the ability to track required assets during any stage
of production in the course of the entire project. PERT analysis incorporates data and
information from multiple departments.
24 What are the characteristics of control function? (May 2018)

1. Accuracy,2. Timeliness, 3. Flexibility, 4. Acceptability, 5. Integration, 6. Economic

feasibility, 7. Strategic placement, 8. Corrective action, 9. Emphasis on exception.

25 List out the maintenance control activities. (Dec 2017)

 The Course of Action

 Maintenance Planning, Maintenance Scheduling
 Managing Maintenance Actions Execution

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 Maintenance Assessment
 Ensuring Continuous Improvement
 Considering Equipment Re-design
26 Why controlling is important? (May 2017)
Control eliminates the risk of non-conformity of actual performance with the main goals
of the organization.

UNIT V – PART B

1 Discuss about the various budgetary control techniques. (Nov 2022, (May 2022)

2 What are the steps involved in planning and control process? ( May 2018)

3 Explain the following: (i) Purchase control (ii) Maintenance Control and (iii) Quality
Control. (Dec 2012, May 2014, Dec 2017)
4 What is productivity? Explain the methods of improving productivity. (May 2022

5 List out the need and characteristics of MIS. (May 2016)

6 Explain the uses of computers and IT in management control? (May 2017 )

7 What are the effective steps for direct control and preventive control? (May 2016)

8 Enumerate the techniques of controlling. (May 2019)

9 Explain the process of controlling with a flow diagram. ( Dec 2019)
10 Write short notes on Modern Methods of Controlling in detail. (Dec 2019)
11 Critically evaluate feed forward, concurrent and feedback systems in controlling.
(Dec 2021, Nov 2022)

12 Outline any four non-budgetary control techniques with suitable examples. (Dec 2021,
May 2022)
13 Outline the steps in implementation of budgetary control techniques

UNIT V - PART C
1. In a reputed auto component manufacturing unit with more than 340 workers
employed in two shifts, the pay package and the promotional hike in pay is provided
regularly in an unbiased manner, despite the good monetary benefits, the workers are
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not satisfied nor motivated towards their job, and there is a delay in the completion of
projects and assigned tasks. Kindly suggest ways to motivate the workers and justify
with the appropriate theory. (Nov 2022)
2 Bring out the importance of productivity measures in any organization. Also enumerate
the different productivity enhancement tools used by the organization in the present
competitive scenario.
3 With a suitable case study, Summarize technology’s role in manufacturing.

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