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7 views2 pages

English

Uploaded by

shiva
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Parts of Speech

Nouns: Words that name people, places, things, or ideas (e.g., cat, London,
happiness).
Pronouns: Replace nouns (e.g., he, she, it, they).
Verbs: Show actions or states of being (e.g., run, is, have).
Adjectives: Describe nouns (e.g., blue, happy, large).
Adverbs: Describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs (e.g., quickly, very, well).
Prepositions: Show relationships between words (e.g., in, on, under, by).
Conjunctions: Connect words, phrases, or clauses (e.g., and, but, because).
Interjections: Express emotions (e.g., oh!, wow!, ouch!).

2. Sentence Structure

Subject: The person, place, thing, or idea performing the action.

Predicate: Contains the verb and tells what the subject does or is.

Object: Receives the action of the verb.

Example: The dog (subject) chased (verb) the ball (object).

3. Types of Sentences

Declarative: Makes a statement (e.g., I like pizza.).


Interrogative: Asks a question (e.g., Do you like pizza?).
Imperative: Gives a command (e.g., Eat your pizza.).
Exclamatory: Expresses strong emotion (e.g., I love pizza!).

4. Tenses

Present: Actions happening now (e.g., I run).


Past: Actions completed before (e.g., I ran).
Future: Actions that will happen (e.g., I will run).
Each tense also has simple, continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous forms.

5. Clauses and Phrases

Clause: A group of words with a subject and a verb.


Independent clause: Can stand alone (e.g., I went home).
Dependent clause: Cannot stand alone (e.g., because it was late).
Phrase: A group of words without a subject-verb pair (e.g., on the table).

6. Parts of a Verb

Base form: Walk


Past tense: Walked
Past participle: Walked
Present participle: Walking
Third-person singular: Walks

7. Active vs. Passive Voice

Active: Subject performs the action (e.g., The cat chased the mouse.).
Passive: Subject receives the action (e.g., The mouse was chased by the cat.).

8. Common Grammar Rules

Subject-verb agreement: The subject and verb must agree in number (e.g., He runs
vs. They run).
Proper use of articles: A, an, and the introduce nouns.
Punctuation: Use periods, commas, question marks, etc., appropriately.
Correct word order: Subject + Verb + Object (e.g., She reads a book).

9. Common Errors

Misplaced modifiers: Place modifiers near the word they describe.


Sentence fragments: Ensure every sentence has a subject and a verb.
Run-on sentences: Use proper punctuation or conjunctions to connect ideas.

Let me know if you'd like details on any specific aspect!

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