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Normal Distribution

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Normal Distribution

Uploaded by

AJ SAHOTRA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Normal Distribution

STAT-115.
Forman Christian College, (A Charted University),
Lahore

1
GOALS

 List the characteristics of the normal


probability distribution.
 Define and calculate z values.
 Determine the probability an observation is
between two points on a normal probability
distribution.
 Determine the probability an observation is
above (or below) a point on a normal
probability distribution.

2
Characteristics of a Normal
Probability Distribution
 It is bell-shaped and has a single peak at the center of the
distribution.
 The arithmetic mean, median, and mode are equal
 The total area under the curve is 1.00; half the area under the
normal curve is to the right of this center point and the other
half to the left of it.
 It is symmetrical about the mean.
 It is asymptotic: The curve gets closer and closer to the X-axis
but never actually touches it. To put it another way, the tails of
the curve extend indefinitely in both directions.
 The location of a normal distribution is determined by the
mean,, the dispersion or spread of the distribution is
determined by the standard deviation,σ .

3
The Normal Distribution - Graphically

4
The Normal Distribution - Families

5
The Standard Normal Probability
Distribution
 The standard normal distribution is a normal
distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard
deviation of 1.
 It is also called the z distribution.
 A z-value is the distance between a selected
value, designated X, and the population mean ,
divided by the population standard deviation, σ.
 The formula is:

6
Areas Under the Normal Curve

7
The Normal Distribution – Example

The weekly incomes of shift


foremen in the glass
industry follow the
normal probability
distribution with a mean
of $1,000 and a
standard deviation of
$100. What is the z
value for the income,
let’s call it X, of a
foreman who earns
$1,100 per week? For a
foreman who earns
$900 per week?

8
The Empirical Rule

 About 68 percent of the


area under the normal
curve is within one
standard deviation of
the mean.
 About 95 percent is
within two standard
deviations of the mean.
 Practically all is within
three standard
deviations of the mean.

9
The Empirical Rule - Example

As part of its quality assurance


program, the Autolite
Battery Company conducts
tests on battery life. For a
particular D-cell alkaline
battery, the mean life is 19
hours. The useful life of the
battery follows a normal
distribution with a standard
deviation of 1.2 hours.

Answer the following questions.


1. About 68 percent of the
batteries failed between
what two values?
2. About 95 percent of the
batteries failed between
what two values?
3. Virtually all of the batteries
failed between what two
values?

10
Normal Distribution – Finding
Probabilities

In an earlier example we
reported that the
mean weekly income
of a shift foreman in
the glass industry is
normally distributed
with a mean of $1,000
and a standard
deviation of $100.

What is the likelihood of


selecting a foreman
whose weekly income
is between $1,000
and $1,100?

11
Normal Distribution – Finding Probabilities

12
Normal Distribution – Finding Probabilities
(Example 2)

Refer to the information


regarding the weekly income
of shift foremen in the glass
industry. The distribution of
weekly incomes follows the
normal probability
distribution with a mean of
$1,000 and a standard
deviation of $100.
What is the probability of
selecting a shift foreman in
the glass industry whose
income is:
Between $790 and $1,000?

13
Normal Distribution – Finding Probabilities
(Example 3)

Refer to the information


regarding the weekly income
of shift foremen in the glass
industry. The distribution of
weekly incomes follows the
normal probability
distribution with a mean of
$1,000 and a standard
deviation of $100.
What is the probability of
selecting a shift foreman in
the glass industry whose
income is:
Less than $790?

14
Normal Distribution – Finding Probabilities
(Example 4)

Refer to the information


regarding the weekly income
of shift foremen in the glass
industry. The distribution of
weekly incomes follows the
normal probability
distribution with a mean of
$1,000 and a standard
deviation of $100.
What is the probability of
selecting a shift foreman in
the glass industry whose
income is:
Between $840 and $1,200?

15
Normal Distribution – Finding
Probabilities (Example 5)
Refer to the information
regarding the weekly income
of shift foremen in the glass
industry. The distribution of
weekly incomes follows the
normal probability
distribution with a mean of
$1,000 and a standard
deviation of $100.
What is the probability of
selecting a shift foreman in
the glass industry whose
income is:
Between $1,150 and $1,250

16
Using Z in Finding X Given Area - Example

Layton Tire and Rubber Company


wishes to set a minimum
mileage guarantee on its new
MX100 tire. Tests reveal the
mean mileage is 67,900 with a
standard deviation of 2,050
miles and that the distribution of
miles follows the normal
probability distribution. It wants
to set the minimum guaranteed
mileage so that no more than 4
percent of the tires will have to
be replaced. What minimum
guaranteed mileage should
Layton announce?

17
Using Z in Finding X Given Area - Example

18
Thank You

19

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