AI in health care

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 7

1

Is the Potential of AI in Healthcare or its Problem more important?

A review of literature

Viet Le

Computer Science, Troy University

ENG 1102: Composition and Modern English II

Abstract
2

This literature review compares the potential of AI in healthcare support with the obstacles they

bring about whether it is worth integrating them or not. Although the potential of AI in healthcare

services is undeniable, there are still many problems discovered during the application process in

services that have not been completely resolved. By reviewing a number of studies to find the

potential of AI in integrating into healthcare such as supporting disease diagnosis, helping to

personalize treatment, assisting to improve users’ experiences and lifestyle. Along with that,

issues were pointed out such as security and privacy issues, transparency of AI, quality of

information provided by AI and lack of experts in verifying instructions given by AI. This review

shows that AI’s ability to analyze large amounts of data and identify certain patterns can help

diagnose diseases faster and more accurately. With patient information and data, AI can help

provide better personalized treatments (suitable for each patient’s condition). The availability of

AI can be exploited in applications or machines to help users have a better experience. In

addition, this research clearly points out the drawbacks along with several solutions to improve

the integration of AI into healthcare support. Therefore, although there are still problems to be

solved, the potential of AI is still the most important because the benefits they bring are also

significant.

Keywords: AI, healthcare, technology

Is the Potential of AI in Healthcare or its Problem more important?


3

A review of literature

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a field of computer science and is made up of various pre-

written algorithmic techniques that enable them to function like human intelligence in certain

specific processes. AI was first developed in 1950 by Christopher Strachey (Alowais A., 2023).

Because it is a newly developed program that is still in its early stages, AI is just a topic for

researchers. Until now, AI has been attracting attention from many people in different

professions because of its rapid development and versatility.

The techniques that make up AI such as machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and

large language models (LLMs) provide many features that can be applied to many different

situations. For example, analyzing large data sets, analyzing image recognition, or analyzing

images based on thermal sensors, communicating in human language, etc. are all capabilities that

the above techniques bring to AI. Not only that, AI is also an attractive research topic in science

and technology to support and perform various human tasks with the support of machines. They

can also perform many different tasks at the same time without making any mistakes. With such

capabilities, AI can help people cut down on boring and labor-intensive tasks, as well as save a

large amount of time and costs in some pre-programmed steps.

Because of these features, the potential of AI is enormous, not only for computer science

but also for all other professions, specifically healthcare. This research paper will focus mainly

on the potential of AI in healthcare and compare it with the limitations and challenges in

integrating them. By doing so, this review aims to contribute a better understanding of the role

and importance of AI and provides evidence regarding the benefits of integrating AI into

healthcare practice.

Potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in health care


4

Disease diagnosis

Healthcare is one of the most indispensable services in everyone’s life, especially in this

era when there are more and more diseases as well as living environments that have negative

effects on human health. Therefore, the increasing demand for health care services of every

person in the world leads to many different problems that doctors and health experts have to face,

such as having too many patients may lead to diagnostic errors or delays due to overload. By

using AI, health care practitioners will be empowered to deal with vast amounts of data from

patients, thereby being able to give earlier and more accurate diagnostics for many kinds of

diseases.

To demonstrate that AI analysis is accurate and fast, a study was conducted on the

diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Research published in the UK shows that, by using AI

to analyze identification based on patients’ visual input, the rate of correct diagnosis was

significantly increased, along with that minimizing misdiagnosis rates. (Alowais A., 2023).

Another method is also mentioned by Kitsios F., Kamariotou M. et al. (2023) in their research

paper, a model using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) as a feature reduction method is

proposed by Gayathri to determine a woman’s odds of developing breast cancer. The result

shows that this model is successful in its efforts to shorten the amount of time needed for

diagnosis. Additionally, through another study of different AI techniques, Houfani D. et al.

(2022) stated that doctors can be widely assisted by using machine learning techniques for

diagnosis, classifying, and predicting tumors during early detection and decision making. All the

above studies tested the image analysis and recognition features of AI, more specifically machine

learning techniques, through radiometric image analysis methods.

Personalized treatment
5

Personalized treatment is one of the services where AI is expected to have the most

significant changes and developments. This process requires close monitoring by medical staff

and a large amount of information about each patient so that staff can take care of each patient

based on their condition, such as according to genes, environment, or their lifestyle, etc.

Therefore, using AI will save human resources, a huge amount of costs and time for healthcare

services. Experts can use AI or integrate it into technology and machines to monitor and then

analyze patient behavior and data, so that decisions are then made regarding what action is

necessary or can be used to alarm warnings and preventative measures (Rong G., A. Mendez, E.

Bou Assi et al., 2019). In in research article by Alowais A. et al. (2023), the authors discussed

studies on the accuracy of AI in analyzing and predicting treatment response to drugs or

treatments based on their genes, medical history, and other factors. Two treatment approaches,

using chemotherapy for cancer patients and antidepressants for depressed patients, were carried

out by Huang et al and Sheu et al., respectively, all affirm the important role of AI when their

prediction results have high accuracy.

In addition, AI can also be combined with other technological machines to better support

human life. An experiment was conducted with smart robot systems with a proposal to create

smart home functions and tools specifically for the elderly, disabled people, or pregnant women

(Rong G. et al., 2019). The authors argue that by monitoring and analyzing the user’s actions and

gestures with various intelligent systems of the developed “ambient assisted living” (AAL)

model that enables AI to process information collected from various sources, machine learning

techniques can provide warnings about dangerous situations and make clear preventive

measures.

Enhance people’s experiences, knowledge, and lifestyle.


6

References

Alowais A. (2023). Revolutionizing healthcare: the role of artificial intelligence in clinical

practice. BMC Medical Education. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04698-z

Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare and research (2018, May). Nuffield Council on

Bioethics.
7

Davenport T. (2019 June). The potential for artificial intelligence in healthcare. Future Healthc J.

6(2): 94–98. 10.7861/futurehosp.6-2-94

Houfani D. (2022). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: a review on predicting clinical needs.

International journal of healthcare management, Vol. 15, no. 3, 267–275.

https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2021.1886478

Kitsios F. (25 June 2023). Recent Advances of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: A Systematic

Literature Review. Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137479

Rong G. (2019). Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: Review and Prediction Case Studies.

Elsevier LTD on behalf of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press

Limited Company. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.08.015

Secinaro S. (2021). The role of artificial intelligence in healthcare: a structured literature review.

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-

01488-9

You might also like