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Lesson-2-Process-engineering

Uploaded by

schougrani88
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PEOPLES’ DEMOCTRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA

MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH

University of Relizane

Faculty of Science and technology

Department of Process Engineering

Instructor: Miss Amina Chaima Aroussi

Lesson 02: Process engineering terminology

Objectives:

 To expand students' technical vocabulary in process engineering.


 To enhance the ability to use specialized terms appropriately in written and
spoken communication.

Terms are commonly used in the industry:

Catalyst:

Definition: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without undergoing
permanent changes itself.

Example: In the petrochemical industry, platinum-based catalysts are used to enhance the
efficiency of cracking reactions in refining crude oil.

Distillation:

Definition: The separation of components in a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling


points.

Example: Distillation is a crucial process in the production of ethanol, where alcohol is


separated from water and other components.

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP):

Definition: A systematic approach to identifying, evaluating, and controlling hazards in food


production.

Example: HACCP is widely implemented in food processing plants to ensure the safety of
products such as dairy and meat.
Pneumatic Conveying:

Definition: The transportation of bulk materials using a gas (usually air) as the conveying
medium.

Example: In the pharmaceutical industry, pneumatic conveying systems are utilized to


transport powdered ingredients between processing units.

Refractometry:

Definition: The measurement of the bending of light as it passes through a substance to


determine its refractive index.

Example: Refractometry is applied in the beverage industry to assess sugar content in juices
and syrups during production.

Batch Processing:

Definition: The manufacturing of products in discrete units or batches, often with defined start
and end points.

Example: Specialty chemicals and pharmaceuticals are often produced using batch processing
for better quality control.

Pump Cavitation:

Definition: The formation of vapor bubbles in a liquid due to low pressure at the pump inlet.

Example: Cavitation can damage pumps in water treatment plants, leading to reduced
efficiency and increased maintenance costs.

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE):

Definition: A process that uses supercritical fluids, such as carbon dioxide, for the extraction
of valuable compounds from raw materials.

Example: SFE is employed in the extraction of essential oils from plants in the flavor and
fragrance industry.

Electrostatic Precipitator:

Definition: An air pollution control device that removes particulate matter from an industrial
gas stream using an electrostatic charge.

Example: Power plants often use electrostatic precipitators to reduce emissions of particulate
matter generated during combustion.

Polymerization:

Definition: The chemical process of combining monomers to form a polymer or a complex


structure.
Example: Polymerization is crucial in the production of plastics, where monomers are joined
to create long-chain polymers.

Extra terms:

Terms Definitions

Unit Operation: A basic step in a chemical process, such as distillation,


filtration, or reaction that can be represented as a separate,
identifiable function.

Mass Balance: A conservation of mass principle applied to a system,


ensuring that the mass entering a system equals the mass
leaving the system.

Energy Balance: A conservation of energy principle applied to a system,


ensuring that the energy entering a system equals the energy
leaving the system.

PFD (Process Flow Diagram): A schematic representation of a process showing the flow of
materials and major equipment involved.

P&ID (Piping and Instrumentation A detailed diagram in the process industry that represents the
Diagram): piping and instrumentation of a process.

Reaction Kinetics: The study of rates at which chemical reactions occur and the
factors that affect those rates.

Heat Exchanger: A device used to transfer heat from one fluid to another
without the fluids mixing.

Pressure Vessel: A container designed to hold gases or liquids at a pressure


substantially different from the ambient pressure.

Continuous Process: A manufacturing process in which products are produced


without interruption.

Process Optimization: The process of adjusting various parameters to improve the


efficiency, yield, or other desirable characteristics of a
process.

Quality Control: The processes and procedures used to ensure that a product or
service meets specified requirements.

Quality Control: The processes and procedures used to ensure that a product or
service meets specified requirements.

Material Balance: An accounting of material quantities entering and leaving a


process.
Process Control: The use of systems to maintain desired outputs of a particular
process within a desired range.

Instrumentation: The devices and systems used for measuring, controlling, and
monitoring industrial processes.

Automation: The use of control systems for operating equipment in


industrial processes with minimal human intervention.

References:

https://diequa.com/blog/most-used-engineering-terms/

https://harmsenconsultancy.com/vocabulary-of-modern-process-engineering/

https://partsolutions.com/engineering-terminology/

https://www.theprojectdefinition.com/p-process-engineering/

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