Fundamentals of

Programming
Week 1 - Introduction to
Fundamentals of Programming

23.09.2024 | DOT 1003 | Mahmut Can Kovan

Agenda
● About This Course
● What is Program?
● What is Programming?
● Which programming language(s) suit best for this course?
● Python Basics
○ comments
○ print
○ user input
○ basic arithmetic operations
○ integers, strings, floats
○ f-strings

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About This Course
● Our Target ● Grading and Exams
○ Basic Programming Principles ○ Midterm (%40)
○ Git Basics ■ 3 assignments
○ Python Basics ■ 1 exam
○ Deploy Game(s) with Python ○ Final (%60)
■ 3 assignments
■ 1 exam

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Quiz
● What is your expectations for this course?

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What is “Program”
● Set of commands
● each command tell computer to take some action(s)
● executed line-by-line
● What are the possible actions?

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What is “Programming”
print("War. War never changes.")
● Creating the “Program” which
computer understands and
execute >War. War never changes.

● If computer doesn’t understand

what you write, your program
does not compile or compile but
print(War. War never changes.)

not work or ?
File "<string>", line 1
print(War. War never
changes.)
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

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First Programming Task
● Write a program which prints this
quote from Fallout:

>Robins will wear their feathery fire,

>Whistling their whims on a low fence-wire;
>And not one will know of the war,
>not one

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Comments
print("War") #will print War
● You can write a code which print("")
print("War never changes")
compiler ignores #written by Mahmut Can Kovan

● If compiler ignores, why do we

use “comments”? >War
>
>War never changes

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Print Basic Arithmetic Operations
print(3 + 5)
● You can print basic arithmetic print(10 * 3)
print(2 * 7 + 5)
operations inside the print
command (function, method...)
>8
>30
>19

print("2 * 7 + 5")

>???

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Programming Task 1
● Please calculate and print these:
○ hours in a week
○ minutes in a week
○ seconds in a week

>Hours in a week:
>168
>Minutes in a week:
>10080
>Seconds in a week:
>604800

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User Input
name = input("What is your name?")
● any information taken from user print("Hi there, " + name)

is an “input”
● Italic text is user input >What is your name? Heisenberg
>Hi there, Heisenberg
● The word “name” in this program
is a variable.
● What is variable?
○ Storage name for values
○ can be used later name = input("What is your name?")
print("Hi there, " + name + "!")
○ can be changed

>Hi there, Heisenberg!

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Programming Task 2
● collect user info about discord
and print like below:

>What is your name? Mahmut Can Kovan

>What is your email address? [email protected]
>What is your nickname? mahmut
>
>##Let’s review your information##
>Your name: Mahmut Can Kovan
>Your email address: [email protected]
>Your nickname: mahmut
>
>Mahmut Can Kovan | [email protected] | mahmut

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Programming Task 3
● ask user for some information
and print this quote

>Name: Mario
>Victim: Princess
>Thank you, Mario!
>But our Princess is in another castle!

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Variables
● In python, variable names should be look like below:
○ variable = ...
○ variable_name = ...
● Name variables according to what they are used for
● A variable name should begin with a letter, and it can only contain
letters, numbers and underscores _.
● Lowercase and uppercase letters are different characters. The
variables name, Name and NAME are all different variables.
● Use only lowercase characters in variable names.

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Integers and Strings
number1 = 100
● Integers are used for arithmetic number2 = "100"

operations print(number1)

A string can contain numbers but

print(number2)
●
you can’t use them for arithmetic >100
>100
operations
●
number1 = 42
number2 = "42"
print(number1 + number1)
print(number2 + number2)

>84
>4242

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Integers and Strings
my_num = "42"
● You can use “+” operator with print(my_num / 2)

string to combine strings together TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /:

(string concatenation) 'str' and 'int'

● What happens if:

my_calc = 42 * 10
○ “/” operator with string print("The result is " + my_ans)
○ “+” operator with string and integer
TypeError: must be str, not int

my_calc = 42 * 10
print("The result is " + str(my_calc))
print("The result is ", my_calc)

>The result is 420

>The result is 420
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Printing with f-strings
● another way for formatting text my_calc = 42 * 10
print(f"The result is {my_calc}")
● have more flexibility and control
over what we print out
>The result is 420

● f-strings may not work if you use

older version of python

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Programming Task 4
● convert this code to f-strings
● remove unnecessary spaces

name = "Courier"
age = 34
city = "New Vegas"
print("Hi", name, ", you are", age, "years old. You live in", city, ".")
#f-strings alternative

>Hi Courier , you are 34 years old. You live in New Vegas .
>Hi Courier, you are 34 years old. You live in New Vegas.

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Programming Task 5
● convert this code to f-strings >My name is Ozan Akyol, I am 18 years old
● The program should give exactly the >
>My skills are
output on the side: > - python (beginner)
> - 2d art (beginner)
name = "Ozan Akyol" >
age = 18
>My salary expectation is 2000-3000 euros/month
skill1 = "python"
level1 = "beginner"
skill2 = "2d art"
level2 = "beginner"
lower = 2000
upper = 3000

print("my name is ", name, " , I am ", age, "years old")

print("my skills are")
print("- ", skill1, " (", level1, ")")
print("- ", skill2, " (", level2, ")")
print("My salary expectation is", lower, "-", upper, "euros/month")

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Floating Point
● refers to numbers with a decimal num1 = 1
num2 = 12.5
point num3 = 4.2
ans = (num1 + num2 + num3) / 3
● can be used much in the same print(f"The result is {ans}")

way as integer >The result is 5.8999999999999995

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Programming Task 6
● use two number and make these
calculation and print like below
● numbers should store in the
variable

>number 1 is: 3
>number 2 is: 5
>
>3 + 5 = 8
>3 - 5 = -2
>3 * 5 = 15
>3 / 5 = 0.6

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Arithmetic Operations
● most common arithmetic operators in Python

Operator Description Example and Result

+ Addition 12 + 0.5 = 12.5

- Subtraction 6 - 3 = 3

* Multiplication 15 * 20 = 300

/ Division(Floating point) 7 / 2 = 3.5

// Division(Integer) 7 // 2 = 3

% Modulo 7 % 2 = 1

** Expoentiation 2 ** 8 = 256
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User Input as an Integer
input_str = input("Which year were you born? ")
● We can cast string as integer year = int(input_str)
print(f"Your age is: {2024 - year}" )
using int() function
● This basic function convert string >Which year were you born? 1990
to integer >Your age is 34

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Programming Task 7
● Please create a program which calculate user’s Body Mass Index

>Enter your weight: 73

>Enter your height: 173
>
>Your BMI is 24.725182932941294

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Programming Task 8
● Please create a program which calculate the game’s age like below:

>Game name: Half-Life

>Which year was this game released? 1998
>
>Half-Life is 26 years old.

25
Programming Task 9
● Please fix the code below
# Fix the code >Please type in the first number: 3
number = int(input("Please type in the first number: ")) >Please type in the second number: 4
number = int(input("Please type in the second number: ")) >Please type in the third number: 5
number = int(input("Please type in the third number: ")) The product is 60
product = number * number * number

print("The product is", product)

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Programming Task 10
● Please write a program which calculate the food expenses of a
student.

>How many times a week do you eat at the student cafeteria? 5

>The price of a typical student lunch? 25
>How much money do you spend on groceries in a week? 300
>
>Average food expenditure:
>Daily: 60.714285714285715 liras
>Weekly: 425 liras
>Montly: 1821.4285714285716

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Programming Terminology
Statement print("Hi!")

● A statement is a part of the number = 42

program which executes

something. if name == "Anna":
print("Hi!")
● It often, but not always, refers to number = 2

a single command.

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Programming Terminology
Block if age > 17:
# beginning of the conditional block
print("You are of age!")
● A block is a group of consecutive age = age + 1
print("You are now one year older...")
statements # end of the conditional block

● at the same level in the structure print("This here belongs to another block")

of the program
● In Python blocks are expressed by
indenting all code in the block by
the same amount of whitespace.

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Programming Terminology
# the variable x is assigned the value of the
Expression #expression 1 + 2
x = 1 + 2
● a bit of code that results in a
determined data type # the variable y is assigned the value of the
#expression '3 times x plus x squared'
y = 3 * x + x**2

Expression Value Type [Python Data Type]

2+10+30 42 integer [int]

"abc"+"de" "abcde" string [str]

11/2 5.5 float number [float]

2*5>9 True Boolean Value [bool]

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Programming Terminology
Function print("this is an argument")

● a special code parts which take name = input("Please type in your name: ")

argument(s)
● return something or do
something
● executed when it is called

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Programming Terminology
Syntax if name == "Gordon Freeman"
print("Rise and Shine Mr. Freeman")

● determines how the code of a

program should be written. File "test.py", line 1
● Each programming language has if name == "Gordon Freeman"
^
its own specific syntax. SyntaxError: invalid syntax

Example
the first line of an if statement should end in a colon
character, and the block of the statement should be
indented:

32
Programming Terminology
Debugging x = 10
y = 0
result = x / y
● if the syntax is true but program print(f"{x} divided by {y} is {result}")

still doesn’t work as intended ZeroDivisionError: integer division or

there is a bug in the program modulo by zero on line 3

● bugs can cause

○ stop the execution name = "Gordon Freeman"
○ normal execution but your program if name != "Gordon Freeman":
can’t solve the problem print("Rise and Shine Mr. Freeman")

>

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End of the Week
Thanks Materials
[email protected]
● Think Python, 2nd Edition, How to Think
Like a Computer Scientist, Allen Downey,
Green Tea Press (2015)
● www.freecodecamp.com
Homework(s) ● www.geeksforgeeks.com
● null

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