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Poly Eqns

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6 views14 pages

Poly Eqns

Uploaded by

darasimiogunbona2006
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Polynomial Equations

MATH 101 College Algebra

J Robert Buchanan

Department of Mathematics

Fall 2022
Objectives

In this lesson we will learn to:


▶ solve equations by factoring,
▶ write equations given the roots,
▶ solve problems related to consecutive integers, and
▶ solve problems related to the Pythagorean Theorem.
Quadratic Equations

Definition
Quadratic equations are equations of the form

ax 2 + bx + c = 0

where a, b, and c are constants and a ̸= 0.

Remark: when only 0 is on one side of the equation, we will say the
quadratic equation is in standard form.
Zero-Factor Property

Theorem (Zero-Factor Property)


If a product equals 0, then at least one of the factors must be 0. For
real numbers a and b, if a · b = 0 then a = 0 or b = 0 or both.
Caution

Do not attempt to solve an equation by dividing both sides of the


equation by a variable. You may lose a solution to the equation.

Wrong Right

x 3 = 25x x 3 = 25x
x3 25x x 3 − 25x = 0
=
x x x(x 2 − 25) = 0
2
x = 25 x(x + 5)(x − 5) = 0
x = ±5 x = 0, ±5
Finding an Equation Given the Roots

Theorem
If x = c is a root of a polynomial equation in the form P(x) = 0, then
x − c is a factor of the polynomial P(x).
Example

Suppose a quadratic equation with integer coefficients has the roots,

3
x = −2 and x =
2
then the equation can be factored as
 
3
(x − (−2)) x − =0
2
 
3
(x + 2) x − =0
2
 
3
(x + 2)(2) x − = (2)(0)
2
(x + 2)(2x − 3) = 0
2x 2 + x − 6 = 0
Consecutive Integers

Definition
Integers are consecutive if each is 1 more than the previous integer.
Three consecutive integers can be represented as n, n + 1, and n + 2.
Consecutive Integers

Definition
Integers are consecutive if each is 1 more than the previous integer.
Three consecutive integers can be represented as n, n + 1, and n + 2.

Definition
Even integers are consecutive if each is 2 more than the previous
even integer.
Three consecutive even integers can be represented as n, n + 2, and
n + 4.
Consecutive Integers

Definition
Integers are consecutive if each is 1 more than the previous integer.
Three consecutive integers can be represented as n, n + 1, and n + 2.

Definition
Even integers are consecutive if each is 2 more than the previous
even integer.
Three consecutive even integers can be represented as n, n + 2, and
n + 4.

Definition
Odd integers are consecutive if each is 2 more than the previous odd
integer.
Three consecutive odd integers can be represented as n, n + 2, and
n + 4.
Example

The product of two consecutive even integers is 168. Find the


integers.
Example

The product of two consecutive even integers is 168. Find the


integers.

n(n + 2) = 168
n2 + 2n = 168
n2 + 2n − 168 = 0
(n + 14)(n − 12) = 0

Solutions: n = 12 and n + 2 = 14 or n = −14 and n + 2 = −12.


Right Triangles
A right triangle is a triangle containing one right angle (measures
90◦ ). The side of the triangle opposite the right angle is called the
hypotenuse and the other sides are called the legs.

hypotenuse leg

leg
Pythagorean Theorem
Theorem (Pythagorean)
In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of
the squares of the legs.

c a

a2 + b 2 = c 2

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