### String Library in C

C provides a library of functions for working with strings in the `string.h` header file. These functions

make it easier to manipulate strings, which are essentially arrays of characters terminated by a null

character (`'\0'`).

#### Commonly Used String Library Functions

| Function | Description |

|--------------------|-------------|

| `strlen()` | Returns the length of a string (excluding the null character). |

| `strcpy()` | Copies one string to another. |

| `strncpy()` | Copies the first `n` characters of one string to another. |

| `strcat()` | Appends one string to another. |

| `strncat()` | Appends the first `n` characters of one string to another. |

| `strcmp()` | Compares two strings lexicographically. |

| `strncmp()` | Compares the first `n` characters of two strings. |

| `strchr()` | Finds the first occurrence of a character in a string. |

| `strrchr()` | Finds the last occurrence of a character in a string. |

| `strstr()` | Finds the first occurrence of a substring in a string. |

| `strtok()` | Splits a string into tokens based on delimiters. |

| `memset()` | Fills a block of memory with a particular value (often used with strings). |

| `strrev()` (Non-standard) | Reverses a string (available in some compilers like Turbo C). |

---
#### Example of `strlen()` - String Length

```c

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main() {

char str[] = "Hello, World!";

printf("Length of the string: %zu\n", strlen(str)); // %zu for size_t

return 0;

```

**Output:** Length of the string: 13

---

#### Example of `strcpy()` - String Copy

```c

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main() {

char source[] = "Hello, World!";

char destination[50];

strcpy(destination, source);
 printf("Copied string: %s\n", destination);

return 0;

```

**Output:** Copied string: Hello, World!

---

#### Example of `strcat()` - String Concatenation

```c

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main() {

char str1[50] = "Hello";

char str2[] = ", World!";

strcat(str1, str2); // Appends str2 to str1

printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);

return 0;

```

**Output:** Concatenated string: Hello, World!

---
#### Example of `strcmp()` - String Comparison

```c

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main() {

char str1[] = "Hello";

char str2[] = "World";

int result = strcmp(str1, str2);

if (result == 0) {

printf("Strings are equal.\n");

} else if (result < 0) {

printf("String 1 is less than String 2.\n");

} else {

printf("String 1 is greater than String 2.\n");

return 0;

```

**Output:** String 1 is less than String 2.

---
#### Example of `strchr()` - Find a Character in a String

```c

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main() {

char str[] = "Hello, World!";

char *ptr = strchr(str, 'o');

if (ptr) {

printf("First occurrence of 'o' is at position: %ld\n", ptr - str);

} else {

printf("'o' not found in the string.\n");

return 0;

```

**Output:** First occurrence of 'o' is at position: 4

---

#### Example of `strtok()` - Tokenize a String

```c

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>
int main() {

char str[] = "Hello,World,This,Is,C";

char *token = strtok(str, ",");

printf("Tokens:\n");

while (token != NULL) {

printf("%s\n", token);

token = strtok(NULL, ",");

return 0;

```

**Output:**

Tokens:

Hello

World

This

Is

---

#### Example of `strstr()` - Find a Substring

```c
#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

int main() {

char str[] = "Hello, World!";

char *ptr = strstr(str, "World");

if (ptr) {

printf("Substring found: %s\n", ptr);

} else {

printf("Substring not found.\n");

return 0;

```

**Output:** Substring found: World!

---

#### Example of `strrev()` - Reverse a String

```c

#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>

void reverseString(char str[]) {

int n = strlen(str);
 for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {

char temp = str[i];

str[i] = str[n - i - 1];

str[n - i - 1] = temp;

int main() {

char str[] = "Hello, World!";

reverseString(str);

printf("Reversed string: %s\n", str);

return 0;

```

**Output:** Reversed string: !dlroW ,olleH

---

#### Use Cases of String Library

1. Manipulating strings in text processing.

2. Parsing input data.

3. Building and analyzing tokens.

4. Searching and sorting strings in arrays.