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Vectors Worked Examples

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10 views2 pages

Vectors Worked Examples

worked examples

Uploaded by

marishanrohit.george
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Engineering Mathematics

GP 115 CALCULUS I (E/19/Batch) – 2021


Tutorial No: 04

Vectors

1) 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a quadrilateral and 𝑃, 𝑄 are the middle points of the diagonals 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐵𝐷 respectively. Show that
𝐴𝐵 + 𝐶𝐵 + 𝐶𝐷 + 𝐴𝐷 = 4𝑃𝑄

2)
i) In a quadrilateral 𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ 𝑃𝑄 = 𝑎, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑏, ⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑆𝑃 = 𝑎 − 𝑏, 𝑀 is the mid-point of 𝑄𝑅 and 𝑋 is apoint on
4
𝑆𝑀 and that 𝑆𝑋⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ( )𝑆𝑀
⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ . Show that the points 𝑃, 𝑋, and 𝑅 are collinear.
5
ii) Let ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐴 = 𝑎, ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝐵 = 10𝑎 + 2𝑏 and ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗𝑂𝐶 = 𝑏, where 𝑂, 𝐴, and 𝐶 are non collinear points. Let 𝑝 denote the
area of the quadrilateral𝑂𝐴𝐵𝐶, and let 𝑞 denote the area of the parallelogram with 𝑂𝐴 and 𝑂𝐶 as
adjacent sides. If 𝑝 = 𝑘𝑞, then find the value of 𝑘.

3) If 𝑎 = 𝜆(𝑖 + 𝑗 − 𝑘), 𝑏 = 𝜇(𝑖 − 𝑗 + 2𝑘) and 𝑐 are unit vectors. 𝑐 is perpendicular to the vectors 𝑎 and
coplanar with 𝑎 and 𝑏 then find a unit vector 𝑑 perpendicular to both 𝑎 and 𝑐.

4) Given that two non-collinear unit vectors 𝑎 and 𝑏 form an acute angle. A point 𝑝 moves so that at any time 𝑡
the position vector ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 (where 𝑂 is the origin) is given by 𝑎 cos 𝑡 + 𝑏 sin 𝑡. When 𝑃 is the farthest from the
origin 𝑂, let 𝑀 be the length of ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 and 𝑢 be the unit vector along ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
𝑂𝑃 then find 𝑢 and 𝑀.

5) Let 𝑎 and 𝑏 be nonzero, nonparallel vectors. If the vector 𝑏 is given as the sum of a vector 𝑏1 parallel to 𝑎
and a vector 𝑏2 , perpendicular to 𝑎, then express 𝑏1 and 𝑏2 in term of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
If 𝑎 = 𝒊 + 𝟐𝒋 − 2𝒌 and 𝑏 = 2𝒊 − 𝒋 + 2𝒌 find 𝑏1 and 𝑏2 .

6)
i) Let 𝑎 = 2𝒊 − 𝒋 + 𝒌 , 𝑏 = 𝒊 + 2𝒋 − 𝒌 and 𝑐 = 𝒊 + 𝒋 − 2𝒌 be three vectors. If the vector 𝑑 is on the
2
plane of 𝑏 and 𝑐 and its projection on 𝑎 is of magnitude √3 , find 𝑑.

ii) Find the value(s) of 𝑝 for which the vectors


𝑎 = 𝑝𝒊 + (𝑝 + 1)𝒋 − 3𝒌 , 𝑏 = 4𝒊 + 𝑝𝒋 + 2𝒌 and 𝑎 = −𝒊 − 3𝒌 are coplanar.

7) Let 𝑎 = 4𝒊 + 3𝒋 and 𝑏 be two vectors perpendicular to each and other in 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒. Find the vector 𝑐 in
the same plane having projections 1 and 2 along 𝑎 and 𝑏.

8) Forces acting on a particle have magnitudes of 5,3 and 1 units and act in the direction of the vectors 6𝒊 +
2𝒋 + 3𝒌 , 3𝒊 − 2𝒋 + 6𝒌 , 2𝒊 − 3𝒋 − 6𝒌 respectively. They remain constant while the particle is displaced from
the point 𝐴(2, −1, −3) to 𝐵(5, −1, 1). Find the work done by the forces.

1 P.T.O.
9) Find the volume of the parallelepiped whose co-terminus are given by 𝑎 = 2𝒊 + 3𝒋 + 4𝒌,
𝑏 = 𝒊 − 2𝒋 + 3𝒌 and 𝑐 = 3𝒊 − 𝒋 − 𝒌.

10)
(i) Let 𝑎 = 2𝒊 + 3𝒋 − 𝒌 , 𝑏 = 3𝒊 − 𝒋 + 𝒌 and 𝑐 = 𝒊 + 𝒋 + 3𝒌.
Find the vector 𝑑 such that 𝑑 × 𝑏 = 𝑐 × 𝑏 and 𝑎 . 𝑑 = 0 .

(ii) Find all possible vectors for 𝑎 and 𝑏 such that


𝑎 × 𝑏 = 2𝒊 + 2𝒋 − 𝒌 , 𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝒊 − 3𝒋 + 4𝒌

(iii) Let 𝑎 , 𝑏 and 𝑐 be three vectors having magnitudes 1,1 and 2 units respectively. If 𝑎 × (𝑎 × 𝑐) + 𝑏 =
0, find the angle between 𝑎 and 𝑐.

11) Figure shown a rigid cuboid, labeled as shown, with


𝑂𝑋 = 4, 𝑂𝑌 = 6 and 𝑂𝑍 = 12. The vector O is taken
to be the origin and the unit vectors 𝑖, 𝑗 and 𝑘 are
parallel to 𝑂𝑋, 𝑂𝑌 and 𝑂𝑍 respectively. A force 𝐹 of
1
magnitude 28 acts along DX, in the direction from D
to X.

i) Express 𝐹 in terms of 𝑖, 𝑗 and 𝑘, and show


1
that its moment about O is 96j -48k.

ii) A second force 𝐹2 , acting through O, is equal


in magnitude, but opposite in direction, to
𝐹 , thus reducing the system to a couple.
1
When a third force 𝐹3 = 𝑖 + 𝑝𝑗 + 8𝑘 is introduced, the system of three forces reduces to a single
force 𝑅. Find the value of p and show that the magnitude of 𝑅 is 9.

12) A force 𝐹1 = 𝑎𝑖 + 𝑏𝑗 + 𝑐𝑘 acts on a rigid body, along the line passing through the point (2,0,-1) and parallel
to the direction (3,-6,2). Given that the magnitude of 𝐹1 is 21and that 𝒂 is positive, find 𝐹1 .

A second force 𝐹 also acts on the body and pass through the point which has position vector 2𝑗 − 3𝑘.
2
Given that the system reduce to a couple 𝐺, find 𝐺.

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