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Lesson 2

Kc Sinha maths class 12

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41 views14 pages

Lesson 2

Kc Sinha maths class 12

Uploaded by

dhirajbussiness95
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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dt [FUNCTIONS] eee ‘fH (Introduction) : wi XL4 em wer & aR ti ae a ¢ at end dent fe oe Pan ae B49 @ |e wer F wT (domain), FeWrT (codomain) #41 4ftat (range) Fame sh watt ae eo fair van a worl Ge fea Fe (constant Getthed irnction), aes oer (identity function), ag ert (polynomial function), crs uti “eer (tational finction), a wor (modules function), ferret Signum function) a Hey yore Fer (greatest integer function) # at Haat i otal @ art Hua & | wer at sae an ima gen ser dat aga a afar 21 wer % fats ai soa SRO eH ael He Hat Sygi ae ea oer & af sen, Geni S sar ao ACER (aheiA) 0; then nmetrie ic 2. ett F THK (Types of Functions) : et eri 4 tar é fe (AQ B A we wer tm ae AS as og BA 8a A& fret ora a BA um a afte fata ae ti cites A BY wer f & fae fretatra gear 2: 1 AS fira-fist saat at BY fas-tie viataes ai 2 AS we o afte seaat a BA ue A wats a) 3. Bar wee saa A & faxtafeet gaaa an pistes 21 4. BH ap sama te a wad tot Aa fret serra a sfhfaea 7 iI SR RE Te dees Ss GS A weR TH: pees areal Ww WT (One-one or injective function) - we 4TH A Bhat sen we wer mec ¢ aR ok Sag AS fifi aS. Tf fate of siaig. afe sit act ak M1 FX_ oS (Cy) ALC), MH x, € AF fer AIR wet SQ) =flq) Sx, =x, GAA x, x,€ AF fees ansitive where O of thes? Mathematics : Class-Xil | A Pfs B 1 1 o2 1 “te > —s-2 . ae > —06 s = 4 abet arrears 2. ie “Wer! (Many one function) : wr OTH: A > B EB jijective function) -% wwe Bate othe crete f wba Et 21 + seen é afe sit ac ‘5001 uftsat (Another definition) - 4H fA 3B Fee wy (1) As fat Bf A tes mee we ti fas aH rm we fafa aa Q) Bar wie < Wea art #1 SECT: He f SEMI WEA B f(x) =x? 8 afin #, oH aE A f B 7 ea 4 mal f =(0,9).-1,0,(2,4)) ia WA fart sere = fate ro 21 a ae 3. ABI HE aaa sear Wert (Onto function or surjed LS. function) Wr Wert {7A Bars aan set Ger eer ¢ a 2.f SR ere fe Bl wees ara A a Fart a-Peeh ra a afte & sre a 3.f what aie aft wee sa y © Bo few at xe A fret af y=/(x), Sathfa Bret TaN (oreo & fe 3h cha aR F(A) = B araig. f arate =/ We owea f: Tear | sents 2, wat aa SIEM 1. HE AB Hf) = 308 Mien 8, ee sree TY 28 a a mS Bt we afi SIEM: eH Ff [ee vata ore TI yang SQjzax Functions FUT. FHS: A > B st F(x) = y Pa afta, wr sae we & | A fo)=2? s 4, Eel ATES A USS seat wert (One-one onto function or jective function) : tr Feri f: A > B Gal scone saan Gat seo 3e tak att sac a ae waa wen oreo SH tt seg ae ai daca () A® frs-fis staat at BW fra-fist vfs a1 Q) Bayes aaa, AS fat-afaet saaa ar officer a1 WIE: FH f:A > BW f(x) =2x Voeafea 2, wat sees wee ote: hal seam Fer WHA ea (one-one correspondence) *f sea e | ari fs f:A> Buffia aqeaa Ad uff ayerd BA om wer 21 a os wae = n(A)B St y= f(x) a afenfie 2, Wat eT ty j dene Ba fret fay a wll me aig tary =/ (x) B archa U4 a fergeil ye mre 1 3) wel Bye A STEM: Hf; RR SH/() =| xjgesrtardl Fram (Work yelx| a vfeatta @, what war af ¢g——————— S28 Tr ee Gel tal POQ8 shy = pa Heo eee omelet wr 8 site feast we apg g) 2a ata st fe ow fF x,,x, AF’ 3B :A—B Shy = f(x) Ay ine %, srore oer tia ¢ af ae Beet ‘(Gags zm) am! ( A x38 Bara wih et tay = f(y ew 1 ayaa ml are | F La) = fo) a tHe SMT: HATS: R— [0, 20) Gt f(x)=|¢ st HaHa ze 1 uftatia @, i, ued Hue Saget 33 SPIRE OH & Files GEMAT [0, oo) FF ARS) = f(a) > x fag a x-na & ane wtat af tary —/ SO=S0), Tea eh site at apredt 21 La sia at fe for 4a A SBS y=/(x) a sie. @ AMT fF y, wear Sa er sel zim ale Tea Ba feet (i) v=f(o ai ait 3 ea & won ciidt ewe tat SE Gil) are fret ye B, y a Y= So) smear at vet weet 1 et em | ate we y STEM: AT TLR R, Sy=|F). sae fate (Alternativ * feat ¢ 1 =f FI vem, a el Tem fs —1 8 xa F GH Ex. 1. af A = (0,1, 2 mE Tay =| x | a suche a se ret & art | Xt+7.VxEA a ara Wer AF 1 WA=(0.1.2,3),B= 7 5.0 Wert fA Beat seo = 2k +7. Ve A. then pi ‘aft emt Bw seh ing Bact HEY Ofer Bq) 90 7 TAGS SG) # stele a ue MEME SO) 7 5477) 7 =a Wwe | ep LO=224720115 / ‘Se; HAT fH HET: RRS 4 feta @ 1 % viel amt Bo yote firg tase 3 —— ah nb ay = once ot BY 2 i firey We erred #1 ora: y= vue east wert € 1 >. Functions wn fe wed Ge fA 5B ey #4 sia wt fis wer ¢ wat ¢ om aay: i HRS mx AB 2 eh seam #1 oon Pe pen) AR Sx) =/0) > FT| (ages im) sia ae fe FT wT (domain La) = f(b) aR ee a ay ara eI ae a Sa ara a arm FR f(x) = f(a) RIC) = fa) x= a 3h my dx =a a fra BY she an a, LO=SO), ha ah ea feats Hf um ageat oe em | Lea sta at fies srance ¢ om ae: |) WAT y, werd Ban aie eres aera 21 Gi) JASCO 5F sit Fae xa A ys ae A Ree ii) 3G fr ye Ba aia am wea Ada ea oe / see Tel em | afk ake ye B, & fre xe A, feel at fararee erm 38d Fa (Alternative method) : wert fa afta Frarel | aR SH SERS fr eH, af orem im SIT Te sree AA eT | Ex. L a A = 0, 1, 2, 3}, B= (7,9, 11, 13} aa Aa BA we fra ENC) =2647, ¥ ve A at attain &, aim a he / eet are #1 UPA= (0.1, 2,3),B = (7,9, 11, 13) andarule/ from Ao Bis defined by B= 2x +7. xe A, then prove that f" is one-one and onto.) Rat & f(x) = 2x47, wet x=0, 1,2,3 * £0)=2.0+7=7, fay=21+7=9 $Q)=2247=11; £0)=2347=13 =f) ¥1 5%, (AR) ah wba cho oma ae ebet aet ' DA 4a ft amma a ait 5 ta & ae ‘SEGA er eit sear ai fea sei raven ® f= 2x47 e Oe. 1 20 “ 26 Mathematics : Class-Xil WER AS we aaa a1 Ba SF aaR 7 (unig, Bit amy) = wnt) a Us AS BA ew om tam AS fii searmci op Site suis tide Ba mis sam Ag fete TERR (Ue ream wo 1 ga HK / eet sree Ex.2. 3 Wat f:N3N vt FQ)=2x4+3 4 @ wai 22 Gi) seam & 7 [ls the function /: N— N (Vis the s S() = 2x +3 (i) injective (ii) surjective a Fa: () sia sen fe fuser 2 a ae: FMT fH x4, x9 € domain N. art =f) = 2x 43=2e43 > x ‘Reais a: f what 3) (i) ota sem f& / sree 2 a aH: AHIR ye TEIN = y UH wpa deme WIR y= f(x) > y= +3 of -3 ul ye = @ WAN, way =2 $8 U7GR Bears Nw saa 2, wd Na fare araaa ar afer Fa: f aa Tt 1 a 30 ¢ Ex Sora fGen f:R Rat f(a) == =O a atte S Caw eT 2 x7 -8r+18 2 + 4x +30 ott [et f:RR be defined by f(x) <2 P48 Is fa x? =8x +18 function ?} 2 x? 445430 x? =8r418 ara fe f(x) =(0) x? +4430 a 8x +18 eet: fe @, SOD = eae = 8 3 3x? + 12x+90= 27 =52x=0 x=0,26 Fa: /(0) =/(26) =f Cea gad fafa: wT Py, xe 7 et of natural numbers) dey wen fF f(x) = 0x2) At + 4a +30. el xP 8x, +18 xp +4 +30 - xP —8x, +18 12@+1)__ a 4p — 8x +18 > 4 x3 —Bxxp + =x] xp —8x, x 31%) (2 =) + = G2 =m) Qy2x9 4 26 > saan => AE x, = 0, ax, = 26, 374: /(0)- SUE / what et Ex. 4mm fi A= (1.2). Aa, (et A= (1,2), Find all one-to-~ UPA A Ee st wearing #: (1)= 141 / Case 1.34 f(1) = 1 S2 AS A wat tam (1) Se, a fea (1) = 1 ae Case wa fa1y=9 TAS A eat tam f() => Functions: 27 3x2 + 12x +90 = 5x2 —40x+90 22—52x=0 = x=0,26 2/0) = (26) > f Tat wer Ae t1 aad fafa: ar fy, € WAR. wal f% f(x) = f(2) ap +40, +30 _ 19 +4x9 +30 xP -8x 418 x3 -8x, +18 xf +41 +30 _)_ x8 +x +30 _ ap ae 18) xf = 8x, +18 y+) _ 12) +1) = EOE xP 8x, 418 x2 8x, +18 1 = xf ~Bxjx9 +18 xj + x3 — Bxy +18 = xf xp ~ 8x, x2 +18xq + af — 8x) +18 > Xp (8-4) + (a3 — xP) = 26 (x9 - 4) = 0 = (%) —m) (ayxy +p +4) -26)=0 26% x41 AR x, =0, thx, = 26, HA:/(0) = (26) eM f wat el 21 Ex.4.nr fi A= (1,2), AG Aa ah ual wert frat | {Let A= {1,2}, Find all one-to-one functions from A to A.] Win fe fA A em Ghat Fert A waren #: f(1)= 1 f1)=2 Case Lam fy =1 PAS A watt arp(y= 1s f@)=2 FUER, ea feat (y= 1a f@)=2 Sites soy=2 SAS Awha tam s(ly=2, -f@=1 = 7 = Mathematics Class-XI| a a Rea S0)= 274 FQ2)=1 . OAS AWS a eat oem far g ait athe fr tte Preterm: af; JO=1, f2)=2 ai, 7240,1,0. f(y) =p ™ AeA WT £M=2.8Q)=1 a4, g=((1.2),0,1)) oa: Ww We Te ¢ Ex.5. om f& N— Neg aan at aif 2, [Let /:N— N be defy fen we en TEE A [n4i = nF WET we a Fr Gt nis odd) pa ae - afe.n WH E(if nis even) Ogi ais en ‘ fe Fert F src il Te Lea, are aah sre tL sri sm gal 1 SS STORE Tel #1 [Examine whether fis one-to-one, onto or bijective Justify youray Ex. 7. ar fF A= (x:-1Sx \sita at fe fue, ae 2 F(n) = BA: PTET: (6) = [Let A= {x:-I1Sx<1}=I : nether fis surjective, injective Ha: 5 4 6 cfr £(5) = (6) ee: (i) Sia eM fe f wee ate, (what adi 21 s FT Poy. A PIA: WH me N& fae ter 2m—1 € Né ake ‘ st I) =f) = 2m=1+1 ogee ly ole i a eae Wx, = x, daa 81 Ot: Seal N 1 wey StI mn, wl No Pre a-freh a eH: Az)-4-4 [Fei Qm-1) af % seis viata & 1 4 2) wa: f 7H t1 SB: fe eh 8 ie f wha ee am: fhe reoee aE WE AM te f= 2 Ex. 6,70 f :N~(1} 9 N,f(o) = nam wean we goes a4 oN ep | 21 framl fe fom dubat @ ita sree bhp a vier fat) | AR fe cereal 1 iz [Let /: N— {1} + Ndefined by.f()= the highest prime factor of” S71: f wait wrery wei 2 that fis neither one-to-one nor onto. Find the range off] TERE aguat oem #1 wa: feat #, f:N-{IJON @ GD Sta aren Re 7 arene | S(n) =n Fl HEH Bs TUTE 21 ai Jeb orcye Pea: f(6)=6 Fi Tews Be WIS =3 bi S@)=x2>0 ae fG)= 3-91 Hen a TAGE =3 . Fe srrag a offi on a NS Sarees ey 3a aR Wed ol foe sraaal 3am 6 ar vicina TH eT oe 1 Ha: f Cea Te BI Tat Ghat & sity a Functions fH TRE Frere: AK p we se ee a, a f(p) = p#l WET BE WS = p om: Wet WE HET A fs vie a sea 1 aftn Be WEN we et ah st S(a)= nF AER SE WS = UH SE ET oH: Sam Be HET fs afte A a (ak Q)a, f ar afte = oh we densi a ager is cena 4 saw Stee der ae ¢, a feet aa ar ofa Fé | om: f sroren Tel SY ang EX. 75a Pe A= (r:-1 SxS 1) =B Fm ff: AB fx) =22 8 esata (sia st fe fat, ae oT oars eI [Let A= {:-1 Atm gies 57a ATA 7 fr: oo M12 2%, 3¥, 46 = 1.5 ae eG * F(a). L( > ¥, = 25, aa: Ae far-fie Si: f what | Fate f wtat é1 G) Sim eH fe f srooree & ay er: Ex. 11, ar fr Awe of wa fi yep ara #1 [Let A bea finite set. If PT Fea —aFa) Fea: wr fe A= {a,,0, . 5 fea 2, SAA r = TRO SDS ieoeE Slay). f(a)... fa, Wet AG aac n fis i = F(a), F@), Sa, Dea AMI PE Teor A a eh [ae x43 a 9 -3=-2,chuvaat@] O=F(a,). (a), ] ora: f sree #1 wr Ba=sa) i} 3a wae (uh sre 1 SRT Ad es te sea? 9: wea 7 Ex 9.a% A={1,2,3),B=(0, Aa Baar aeq a ae ieee Wi [fA = (1, 2, 3}, B= {0, 1} then find four functions from Ato B wi RY smears #1. not one-one ?} Functions wa: f= {(1,0), (2,0), B,0)} = {(1,0), (2,0), 3, D} A={(1,0), 2, D, B,D} u={(1,0), (2,1), G,0)} SES ae RLS a ry 1 Ex. 10. a1 fr A wer UR EET & | AAR f: AS Aarare @, dt frat {Let A be a finite set. If f: A A is onto, show that fis one-one] BA: HA PHA = (aj, 47,035.44) fat, (ADA sree SF RR =A => Aw Be SATA f(a), f(a)... f(a, Et APTA n fre sa a,,0,,...0, #1 L(Q,), f(y), fa,) PAE oa: A frafa sraaat & fof vate t 1 afer / west t1 Ex. 11,7 fs Awe offi ayera ¢ | afe fA A weal @, a fred fa AIR B 1 [Let A be a finite set. If f: A—> A is one-to-one, show that fis onto] WA: TT FH A= fy, Ay, 55 dy) fer, SAD ATH! 2 SQ) Q3)s o,f G,) HOTA A Art ora #1 Wer At dat n fat cara @ | FS(a,), ((a,), .. fa, AS Bh HA 1 1 fr wea A a eee saa @, a= f(a), flay), fla yA ae Bm! WH fea =/(a,), we Adi um dar sama a, & ate f(a) = % FR: wo aes er rao Pn res HH 1 Tole / oreema #1 « eo . 212 Mi lathematics = Class-XI1 ! ote: jo 0) Fee OBESE ATE OTA ARia Case 1.74 k fav Bae a f amo $1 { x Se 2) aS AS Bt oft saea ef Fad arash Wer (: A> Buea eh of sree F| Ex. 12. feamd ff: N+ Ni [Show that f: eer a; waver k+lew NON defined Case IL, af k-a4 § ) fk =[* + 1, Re x fav 8 (if xis oaay FQ) = 3 5 x — 1 AR xa € Gif xis even) a sities 2, we wat FI F | [is bijective. ] Wa: afta acm é fey udat 2; ar f m,n yaN, Case Lat m it n oat am & Ff (m)= f (n)> m-1=n-1 3a WANK € HEM aia: Wears NT 3 wa: f STAT t wa va f wha Ex. 13. fas Fife Jara @, sel R, BH Say N@ au fea sau, sf Case I. 3% m att n Sai faa ah “e f (m)= f (n)> m+l=ne1 [Show that the = where R.. is the set of al Case TT. afm farq nd R, is replaced by N with S(m)=$(1) >m+1=n-1 eat: () ea Hem a a! Con UeU ET all. aire fm) = $02 Case IV. af man aan na é, a f(m)= f (1) => m-l=n+1 Sa: f eat EI SFr m1 form tea nl oH BL A esaiccr tes m=-lén+1 ca Sm) # fin) wf y=) - a wan at fetal F fm) = f (n)=>m=n : a: f wha FB) Ulfad een ¢ fe f areas 2: STSER fovarce t amt fa aes Na tH ees saa 2) Functions Case Late k fara @, at (e+ 1) am eer a SR&AY=(K+1)-1 =k FAR kt le WIN, ka wifes & 1 Case I. ATH i, a (k— 1) fre ei SKN)=(k-1)+1 Ls i steam & | =k WaOWERK € Gem N, k-1 #1 afafara 31 Fa: Feat Neh Sama, Get S fret a eet arqga ar fafa 21 a: f aarm 31 FEN f Weal seas 21 Ex fee aR PR fe) = + go shores FH fk, Re Gest a >) arorme %, se R. at ye anaes Semel ar aged ¢ 1 a wa R, wT Na ara fea sre, wa fer werd ya R, eH , at ot ae ae flora ar et? {Show that the function f: R, —> R, defined by fo=t is one-one onto, Where R, is the set of all non-zero real numbers. Is the result true, ifthe domain R. is replaced by N with co-domain being same as Re 2] [NCERT] wea: (i) faa wen fae f what V: aT FH x,,x, € domain Ry. cl fou)= fla) P= = =x He: f Tha E (i Tara arcu fis f airaareen #5 Hr fry, codomain 31 Ue eres STA ia yeo wate y=o) = yat a yee ee Re y araraa a iatr CEFR Reo or ser et fed et a hy foram +1 Mathematics : Class-XIl econd p aie ara Naor Weurd R, a af are TG ey Rl sa 2 ara No fart araaa a ofafaca et 2 anda 4, it f(a, b) =, a) a oitntid ¢ tH what ara we $1 [Let A and B be two sets. Show that /: A x B—> B x cal F(a, b) = (b, a) is a bijective function. J Bal: fem ef (a,b) =(b, a), V (a, be AxB SGA e: ral fx, = (a, b) Ax, = (c, d) AEA x BS tw aa Fy it ae AbEBceAdeB at SI) =f) => SUG, b)=$((c, d)) = (b,a)= (de) [9 fees § = b=daa=c Gefea gi et aurea) => a=c Wab=d > (a.b)=(¢,d) a efi RK f(y) =f) =x GD Ha: f TAT F1 S ara & : Fr FF y = (6, a) Howe Bx Aa aie a4 EI at beBumaeA = ae AmbeB = (4 dEAxB SFA afea 4 f(a, by) = (b, a) SAFER Gea a1 yale srrag (b, a) wet aaa (a, 6) IF Fh [sma wer 21 a: f Chat aR wer t 1 S@=2 © 4-2 © x=3e domainy, Pe! REuRaEd ert eee AxBop, edit # TSK Ks mt fr A={1.2,3}.B= AaBaAG oH eh pret A= (1,231. B= function from A to B. S vara fir Fer f: NN. J ara a EI [Let f: NN be defi onto.] pom Ro RSE [Let (;R > R be defin 4, wafK /:ZIZS0)= [Let /:Z > Z be defin D5, woke feats a sta wt f arr sat I Sift < [Examine in each case Justify your answer.] @/f:R— R, (defined (i) f: R R, Gefine 6. HI f& A={1,2,3}.B fe fA Ba wat [Let A= (1,2.3},B is not one-one but itis 7. FM ff: A> BAE den adit (Let /: A> Bbe one-t the number of elemen 8. a Noga densi a sts (20) =0 ca f(x 7a) simmer wert @ {IENis the set of natur defined by f (2x) = 0 function]

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