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Lecture

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10 views25 pages

Lecture

Uploaded by

mennaabozahow46
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture (2)

LOW (2): Software Component

Operating systems software

The operating system is a special type of program that loads


automatically when you start your computer.

The operating system allows you to use the advanced features of


a modern computer without having to learn all the details of how
the hardware works

The link between the hardware and you, the user

Makes the computer easy to use without having to understand bits


and bytes!
each character can be 16 bits (2 bytes) or 32 bits (4 bytes). All UTFs
include the full Unicode character repertoire , or set of characters
Software Component

Applications software

An application program is the type of program that


you use once the operating system has been loaded.

Examples include word-processing programs,


spreadsheets and databases
Software Component

Application Software
• Word processing applications
• Microsoft Word

• Lotus Word Pro

• WordPerfect

• Spreadsheets
• Microsoft Excel

• Lotus 123

• Database
• Microsoft Access

• Lotus Approach
Software Component

Application Software
• Payroll
• Sage software

• Presentation tools
• Microsoft PowerPoint

• Lotus Freelance

• Desktop publishing
• Abode Photoshop

• Multimedia applications
• Microsoft's Encarta CD-ROM based
encyclopaedias
Information Network

• LAN
• A LAN (Local Area Network) is a system whereby
individual PCs are connected together within a
company or organization

• WA N
• A WAN (Wide Area Network) as the name implies
allows you to connect to other computers over a
wider area (i.e. the whole world).
Information Network

Uses of Network

If ten people are working together within an office it


makes sense for them all to be connected.

• In this way the office can have a single printer


and all ten people can print to it.
• In a similar way other devices such as modems or
scanners can be shared.
• Even more useful is the ability to share
information when connected to a network.
Computer Accessories

• Modem
• Short for “MODulate/DEModulate”. The modem
sends information from your computer across the
telephone system.

• The modem at the other end of the phone line,


converts the signal back into a format that can be
used by the receiving computer.
Uses of Computer

PC at Home

Common uses for the computer within the home

• Computer games
• Working from Home
• Banking from Home
• Connecting to the Web
Uses of Computer

Computers in Education

• CBT (Computer Based Training)


• Computer Based Training (CBT) offers a low cost
solution to training needs where you need to train
a large amount of people on a single subject.
• These programs are normally supplied on CD-ROM
and combine text, graphics and sound.
• Packages range from general encyclopaedias right
through to learning a foreign language.
Uses of Computer

Office Applications
• Automated Production Systems
• Many car factories are almost completely automated and the
cars are assembled by computer-controlled robots.
• This automation is becoming increasingly common
throughout industry.

• Design Systems
• Many products are designed using CAD (Computer Aided
Design) programs to produce exact specifications and
detailed drawings on the computer before producing models
of new products.
Uses of Computer

Office Applications

• Stock Control
• Stock control is ideal for automation and in many companies
it is now completely computerized.
• The stock control system keeps track of the number of items
in stock and can automatically order replacement items
when required.
• Accounts / Payroll
• In most large organizations the accounts are maintained by
a computerized system.
• Due to the repetitive nature of accounts a computer system
is ideally suited to this task and accuracy is guaranteed.
Uses of Computer

Computers in Daily Life

• Accounts
• Games
• Educational
• On-line banking
• Smart ID cards
• Supermarkets
• Working from home (Tele-working)
• Internet
Create a Good Working Environment

• Frequent breaks away from the computer

• Appropriate positioning of screens, chairs and


keyboards

• Provision of adequate lighting and ventilation.


Health & Safety Precautions

• Make sure that cables are safely secured

• Make sure that power points are not overloaded

• Also be aware of:


• Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)

• Glare from screens

• Bad posture
Value of Backup

• The most important thing that you store


on your computer is information.

• Often the contents of a hard disk can


represent years of work.

• If the hard disk stops working one day you


could lose all those years of work.

• For this reason it is VITAL that you take


regular backups of the information that is
stored on the computer.
Value of Backup

• Organize your computer for more efficient


backups

• Complete vs. incremental backups

• Use 'off-site' storage


Value of Backup

• Use passwords

• Understand the Importance of shutting


down your computer properly

• Use a UPS (Un-interruptible Power Supply)


Likes & Dislikes of Computer

• Things computer like:


• Good ventilation

• Clean environment

• Stable, vibration free surface

• Things computer don’t like:


• Dust

• Drinking and eating over the keyboard

• Heat, Cold or Moisture

• Don’t place objects on top of monitors.

• Don’t place floppy disks near monitors.


Computer Virus

• What are computer viruses?

• Viruses are small programs


that hide themselves on your
disks (both diskettes and
your hard disk).
• Unless you use virus
detection software the first
time that you know that you
have a virus is when it
activates.
• Different viruses are
activated in different ways.
Computer Virus

• H o w do viruses infect PCs?


• Viruses hide on a disk and when you
access the disk (either a diskette or
another hard disk over a network) the
virus program will start and infect
your computer.

• The worst thing about a computer


virus is that they can spread from one
computer to another, either via use of
infected floppy disk, or over a
computer network, including the
Internet.
Computer Virus

• H o w to prevent virus damage

• There are a number of third party anti-


virus products available.
• Most of these are better than the rather
rudimentary/traditional products available
within DOS and Windows, but of course
you do have to pay for them!
• The main thing about your virus checker
is that it should be kept up to date.
• Many companies supply updated disks on
a regular basis or allow you to receive
updates through an electronic, on-line
bulletin board.
Software Copyright

• What about software that you find on the


Internet?
• Be aware on software copyright issues
1. Freeware
2. Shareware
• Freeware software is provided to its users free
of cost. Shareware software is provided to its
users free for a limited period of time after
which software needs to be paid.
3. Software with licenses
Software Copyright

• If your computer system holds


information about individuals then you
have a moral and legal duty to treat
that information with respect.
• In a free society you have a right to
ensure that information held about
you is not abused.
• In many countries this right is
enshrined under data protection laws
Thank you

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