Scheme – K

All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society’s Polytechnic, Pune

Sample Test Paper - I
Program Name : Diploma in First Year All Branches
Program Code : ME/AE/CO/IF/CE/EJ/AN
Semester :Second 312301
Course Title : Applied Mathematics
Marks : 70 Time: 3 Hr. 1
Instructions: (1) All questions are compulsory.
(2) Illustrate your answers with neat sketches wherever necessary.
(3) Assume suitable data if necessary.
(4) Preferably, write the answers in sequential order.
Q1 Attempt any Five of the following . 10 MARKS
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
a) Evaluate : ∫ [ − ] 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
Ans: ∫ [1+𝑥 2 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
] 𝑑𝑥

1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 - ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥 2

= tan−1 𝑥 - ∫ cot 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= tan−1 𝑥 - ∫ cot 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= tan−1 𝑥 - (- cosec x) +c
= tan−1 𝑥 + cosec x +c

𝑥 2 −1
b) Evaluate : ∫ dx
𝑥 2 +1
𝑥 2 −1
= ∫ 𝑥 2+1 dx

𝑥 2 +1−1−1
= ∫ 𝑥 2 +1
dx

𝑥 2 +1 −2
= ∫ 𝑥 2+1 dx + ∫ 2
𝑥 +1
dx

𝑥 2 +1 2
= ∫ 𝑥 2+1 dx − ∫ 2
𝑥 +1
dx
dx
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 −2 ∫
𝑥2+1
= x – 2 tan−1 𝑥 + c

𝑒
c) Evaluate : ∫1 log𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 𝑒
= ∫1 1. log𝑥 𝑑𝑥
By integration by parts ,
𝑒
= ∫1 1. log𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑒 𝑒 𝑑 𝑒
= log𝑥 ∫1 1. 𝑑𝑥 - ∫1 log𝑥 .∫1 1 dx
𝑑𝑥
𝑒1
∫1 x dx
𝑥
= x log x -
𝑒
∫1 dx
= xlog x -
𝑒
= [x (log x – 1)]
1

= e (log e – 1)- 1 (log 1 – 1)………………………………𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑒⬚ e =1 and log 1 = 0

= e (1-1)-(0-1)

= 0-(-1)

=1

= elog e – e-1log 1 + 1

= e-e+1

=1

2 5𝑥
d) Evaluate : ∫1
1+𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
5 2 2𝑥
= 2 ∫1 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥 2
5 2
= 2 log ( 1+𝑥 2 )
1
5
= [log( 1 + 22 ) − log( 1 + 12 ) ]
2
5
= 2 [log( 5) − log( 2) ]
5 log 5
= 2 [log 2]

e) Find order and degree of differential equation

3 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
√ = √
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
Taking cube on the both side
 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 3
= (𝑑𝑥)
𝑑𝑥2
Highest derivative is of second order and power of highest derivative is 1
Order 2
Degree 1
f) Show that root of the equation x3- 4x + 1 = 0 lies between and 3
x3- 4x + 1 = 0
let f(x) = x3- 4x + 1
put x = 1
f(1) = 13- 4x1 + 1
f(1) = -2
put x= 2
f( 2) = 23- 4x2 + 1
f(2) = 1
f(1) nad f(2) having opposite sign , therefore root of given equation lise between 1 and 2

g) If eight coin are tossed . Find the probability of getting three heads .
We know that, probability distribution,
P( X = r ) = ⬚𝒏𝑪⬚ 𝒓
𝒓 (𝐩) (𝒒)
𝒏−𝒓

𝟏 𝟏
Here, n=8,r=3,p= 𝟐and q= 𝟐
𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟖−𝟑
Required probability =⬚𝟖𝑪⬚
𝟐 ( 𝟐) ( 𝟐)
𝟖! 𝟏
=𝟓!𝟑! (𝟐)𝟖
𝟖.𝟕.𝟔 𝟏
= . 𝟏𝟔.𝟏𝟔
𝟑.𝟐
𝟕
= 𝟑𝟐

Q2 Attempt any Three of the following 12 Marks

a) Evaluate : ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Solution:

Let I = ∫ sin 3𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Multiply and divide by 2, we get
1
I = ∫ 2 sin 3𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠7𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
Use 2sinA.cosB = sin(A+B) + sin(A-B)
1
= 2 [∫ sin(3𝑥 + 7𝑥) + sin(3𝑥 − 7𝑥)]
 1
= 2 [∫ sin(10𝑥) + ∫(−𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥)]
1
= 2 [∫ sin(10𝑥) − ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝑥]
1 −𝑐𝑜𝑠10𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠4𝑥
= 2[ + ]+c
20 8

𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥+1)
b) Evaluate : ∫ dx
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 )
e x ( x + 1)
solution : Let I=  cos 2 ( x.e x ) dx -----------------1-
Put x .e x = t
diffrentiationg w.r. to x
d dt
( x.e x ) =
dx dx
d x d dt
x e + ex x =
dx dx dx

dt
x .e x + e x 1 =
dt
e x ( x + 1) dx = dt
dt
I=  cos 2
(t )
dx

=  sec 2 t dt
= tan t + c
= tan( xe x ) + c

1
c) Evaluate : ∫ dx
5+4 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
1
Solution: I=  5 + 4 cos x
dx
………………1

1−𝑡 2
Put cos x=
1+𝑡 2
2𝑑𝑥
dx = 1+𝑡 2
𝑥
t =tan 2
use in (1)
2𝑑𝑥
1+𝑡2
=∫ 1−𝑡2
5+4( 2 )
1+𝑡
2𝑑𝑥
1+𝑡2
= ∫ 5+5𝑡2 +4−4𝑡2
1+𝑡2
 2 𝑑𝑡
= ∫ 9+𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡
= 2 ∫ 32+𝑡 2
2 𝑡
= 3 tan−1 3 + c
𝑥
2 tan
−1 2
= 3 tan ( )+ 𝑐
3

1 1
d) Evaluate : ∫0
√4𝑥− 𝑥 2
4 1
Let I = ∫0 dx
√4𝑋−𝑋 2

1 2
3rd term = (2 . 4) = 4
1 1
= ∫0 dx
√4−4+4𝑋−𝑋 2
1 1
= ∫0 dx
√4−(4−4𝑋+𝑋 2 )
Type equation here.
1 𝑥
By using ∫ √𝑎2 =sin−1 (𝑎) +c
−𝑥 2
2−𝑋 1
I= [sin−1 ( 2 )]
0
−1 2−1 2−0
I= sin ( 2 )- sin−1 ( 2 )
−1 1 −1 2
I = sin (2)- sin ( 2)
1
I = sin−1 (2)- sin−1(1)
𝜋 𝜋
I=6-2
−2𝜋
I= 6

Q3 Attempt any Three of the following 12 marks

a) Evaluate : ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑥 2 dx
Integration by parts
𝑑
= 𝑥 2 ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 dx - ∫ ( (𝑥 2 ) ∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 dx) dx
𝑑𝑥
𝑒 3𝑥 𝑒 3𝑥
= 𝑥2 - ∫ (2𝑥 dx) dx
3 3
𝑒 3𝑥
2 2
=𝑥 - 3 ∫ (𝑥𝑒3𝑥 dx) dx
3
Again apply integration by parts
𝑒 3𝑥 2 𝑑
= 𝑥2 - [𝑥 ∫ 𝑒3𝑥 dx − ∫ (𝑑𝑥 𝑥 ∫ 𝑒3𝑥 dx) dx]
3 3
3𝑥
2𝑒 2 𝑒3𝑥 1
=𝑥 - 3 [𝑥 3
− 3 ∫ ( 𝑒3𝑥 dx) ]
3
 𝑒 3𝑥 2 𝑒3𝑥 𝑒3𝑥
=𝑥 2 - 3 [𝑥 − ]+c
3 3 9
1
b) Evaluate : ∫ 2 dx
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥(1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)(2+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)
dx
solution Let I =  cos 2
x(tan x + 1)(tan x + 2)

sec 2 x dx
=  (tan x + 1)(tan x + 2) ---------1

Put t = tanx

Differentiation w. r . t o x ,

dt d
= tan x
dx dx

dt
= sec 2 x
dx

dt = sec 2 xdx

Equation 1 can be written as

dt
I =  (t + 1)(t + 2) −−−−−−−−−2

1 A B
= + −−−−−3
(t + 1)(t + 2) t + 1 t + 2

1 = (t + 2) A + (t + 1) B

P ut t = -1 ,

1 = (-1+2)A + (-1+1)B

1 =A

P ut t = -2 ,

1 = (-2+2)A + (-2+1))B
2 B = -1
 1 1 1
= −
(t + 1)(t + 2) t + 1 2 + t

integration both sides

1 1 1
 (t + 1)(t + 2) dt =  t + 1 − t + 2 dt
1 1 1
 (t + 1)(t + 2) dt =  t + 1 − t + 2 dt
1 1
=  t + 1 dt −  t + 2dt
= log( t + 1) − log( t + 2) +c

= log(tan x + 1) − log(tan x + 2)+c

 tan x + 1  + c
= log 
 tan x + 2 

1
c) Evaluate : ∫ dx
4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
1
Let I = ∫ dx
4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
Divide N and D by 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
∫ 1 1 dx
4𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
∫4+ 9 𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥
dx
Put tan x = t
Diff wrt x
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 dx = dt
𝑑𝑡
∫4+ 9 𝑡2
1 𝑑𝑡
∫4
9 + 𝑡2
9
1 𝑑𝑡
9
∫ 2 2
( ) + 𝑡2
3 ⬚
 1 1 𝑡
. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 2 + c
9 2
3 3
1 3𝑡
. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( ) + c
6 2
Substitute value of t
1 3 tan 𝑥
. 𝑡𝑎𝑛 −1 ( )+ c
6 2

𝜋
d) Evaluate : ∫04 log(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥) 𝑑𝑥

Solution:
𝜋
Let I =∫04 log( 1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝜋
= ∫04 log( 1 + (tan 4 − 𝑥) )𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
Use the property, ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
tan4 −tan 𝑥
I = ∫04 log( 1 + 𝜋 ) dx
1+tan4 .tan 𝑥
𝜋
1 − tan 𝑥 𝜋
I =∫04 log( 1 + ) dx ………….. tan 4 = 1
1+tan 𝑥
𝜋
1+tan 𝑥+1 − tan 𝑥
I =∫04 log( ) dx
1+tan 𝑥
𝜋
2
I =∫0 log(1+tan 𝑥) dx
4

𝜋
I =∫04 log( 2) – log (1 + tan 𝑥)dx
𝜋 𝜋
I = log 2 ∫04 𝑑𝑥 - ∫04 log(1 + tan 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜋
I = log2[𝑥]04 - I
𝜋
2I = log 2 [ 4 − 0]
𝜋
2I = 4 log2
𝜋
I = 8 log2

Q4 Attempt any Three of the following 12 Marks

𝜋
1
a) Evaluate∶ ∫0 2 𝑑𝑥
1+ 𝑛√𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
Solution
𝜋
1
Let I = ∫0 2
𝑛 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1+ √ sin 𝑥
𝜋 𝑛
√𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
I = ∫0 2
𝑛 𝑛 𝑑𝑥…………………………..1
√𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
 𝑛 𝜋
𝜋 √sin( 2 − x)
I = ∫0 2
𝑛 𝜋 𝑛 𝜋
𝑑𝑥
√sin( 2 − x)+ √cos( 2 − x)
𝜋 𝑛
√𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
I = ∫02 𝑛 𝑛 𝑑𝑥…………………………..2
√𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

Adding 1 and 2 we get

𝜋 𝑛 𝜋 𝑛
√𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
I +I = ∫02 𝑛 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 +∫02 𝑛 𝑛 𝑑𝑥
√𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 √𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝜋 𝑛
√𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑛√𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2I = ∫ 2
0 𝑛 𝑛 𝑑𝑥
√𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + √𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝜋
2I = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 2

𝜋
2I =[𝑥] 2
0
𝜋
2I = 2 -0
𝜋
2I = 2
𝜋
I=4
b) Show that y2 = ax2 is a solution of differential equation
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 ) − 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 = 0
Solution y2 = ax2
Differentiate wrt x , 2y
𝑑𝑦
2y = 2ax
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 ax
=
𝑑𝑥 y
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
LHS = 𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 ) − 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥
ax 2 ax
= 𝑥 ( y ) − 2𝑦 + 𝑎𝑥
y
𝑎2 𝑥 2
=𝑥 − 2𝑎𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥
𝑦
𝑎2 𝑥 3
= − 𝑎𝑥
𝑦
= ax- ax
=0
= RHS
𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦
Therefore, 𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 ) − 2𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑎𝑥 = 0
Therefore, y2 = ax2 is solution of given DE
 𝑑𝑦
c) Solve the differential equation = 𝑒 3𝑥−2𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑦
𝑑𝑥
Solution
Given DE
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒 3𝑥−2𝑦 + 𝑥 2 𝑒 −2𝑦
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒 −2𝑦 ( 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑥
Separating variable, we get
𝑑𝑦
= ( 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) dx
𝑒 −2𝑦
𝑒 dy = ( 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) dx
2𝑥

Integrating on the both side ,

∫ 𝑒 2𝑥 dy =∫ 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑥 2dx
𝑒 2𝑥 𝑒 3𝑥 𝑥3
= + +c
2 3 3
Which is the required general solution.

𝑑𝑦
d) Solve the differential equation + 𝑦 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
Solution
The given DE is
𝑑𝑦
+ 𝑦 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 ……………………………..1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Comparing 1 with 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑃𝑦 = 𝑄
We have P = tan x and Q = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
Integrating factor = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑝 𝑑𝑥
IF = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 log( 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥)
= sec x
Now its solution is given by,
y (IF) = ∫ 𝑄 . 𝐼𝐹 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
y. sec x = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 . sec x 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
1
y. sec x = ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
y. sec x = ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶
y. sec x = sin x +C
which is the required general solution.
 e) Solve the differential equation
( 2xy + y - tany ) dx + ( x2- x tan2y + sec2y ) dy = 0
Solution
Given DE is
( 2xy + y - tany ) dx + ( x2- x tan2y + sec2y ) dy = 0
Comparing with Mdx+ Ndy=0
M = ( 2xy + y - tany ) and N =( x2- x tan2y + sec2y )
Taking partial derivative of M wrt y keeping x constan
𝜕 𝜕
𝑀 = 𝜕𝑦( 2xy + y - tany )
𝜕𝑦
𝜕 𝜕 𝜕
= 2x𝜕𝑦y +𝜕𝑦 y - 𝜕𝑦
tany

= 2x +1-𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 y
But 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 y=1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 y
= 2x+1-1- tan2 y
=2x- tan2 y……………………………………..1
And N = x2- x tan2y + sec2y
Taking partial derivative of N wrt y keeping y constant
𝜕 𝜕
𝑁 = 𝜕𝑥(x2- x tan2y + sec2y )
𝜕𝑋
𝜕 𝜕
= 𝜕𝑥x2- x tan2y + sec2y
𝜕𝑥
= 2x- tan2 y,………………………………………….2
From 1 and 2
Therefore given De is exact
Its general solution is given by
⬚ ⬚
∫𝑘𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑦 𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑁 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑥 𝑁𝑑𝑥 = C
∫( 2xy + y − tany )dx + ∫ sec2y dy =C
2𝑦 ∫ x dx + y ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − tany ∫ dx + ∫ sec2y dy =C
𝑥2
= 2y + yx - (x ) tan y + tany = C
2
= 2yx + xy –x tan y = tany = C

Q5 Attempt any Two of the following . 12 Marks

 a) i) Find the approximate root of the equation x3- 6x + 3 = 0 using bisection method )
Solution
let f(x) = x3- 6x + 3 = 0
to find interval of root, we have
put x=0, f(0) = 03- 60 + 3 = 3>0
put x= 1, f(1) = 13- 6x1 + 3 = -2<0
the root lies in (0,1)
𝑎+𝑏
by tne bisection method, thw approximate root is given by x = 2
First iteration
𝑎+𝑏 0+1
𝑥1= = =0.5
2 2
f(𝑥1 )=f(0.5) = 0.53- 6x0.5 + 3 = 0.125>0
the root lies in (0.5,1)
Second iteration
𝑎+𝑏 0.5+1
𝑥2 = = =0.75
2 2
f(𝑥2 )=f(0.75) = 0.753- 6x0.75 + 3 = -1.078<0
the root lies in (0.5,0.75)
Third iteration
𝑎+𝑏 0.5+0.75
𝑥3 = = =0.625
2 2
Therefore, x= 0.625 is the approximate root

ii) Solve following system of equation using Jacob’s methods

10x + y + 2z = 13 , 3x + 10y + z = 14 , 2x + 3y + 10z = 15 )
Solution : Given system of equation
10 x + y + 2z = 13 --------------1
3x + 10y +z = 14 -----------------2
2x + 3 y + 10z= 15 ----------------3
Given system can be written as
From 1 x=
1
13 − y − 2 z  − − − − − − − − − −4
10

From 2 y =
1
14 − 3x − z  − − − − − − − − − −5
10

From 1 z =
1
15 − 2 x − 3 y  − − − − − − − − − −6
10
Initially taking x 0 = 0 , y 0 = 0 , z0 = 0
First iteration :
x1 =
1
13 − y0 − 2 z 0  y1 = 1 14 − 3x0 − z 0  z1 =
1
15 − 2 x0 − 3 y0 
10 10 10
= 13 − (0) − 2(0) = 15 − 2(0) − 3(0)
1 1
10
=
1
14 − 3(0) − (0) 10
10
= 13 15
1 1
=
1
14 =
10 10 10
= 1 .3 = 1 .4 = 1.5
X1= 1.3 , y1= 1 . 4 z1 = 1.5
Second iteration

x2 =
1
13 − y1 − 2 z1  y2 =
1
14 − 3x1 − z1  z2 =
1
15 − 2 x1 − 3 y1 
10 10 10
=
1
13 − 1.4 − 2(1.5 =
1
14 − 3(1.3) − 1.5 =
1
15 − 2(1.3) − 3(1.4)
10 10 10
=
1
8.6 =
1
8.6 =
1
8.2
10 10 10
= 0.86 = 0.86 = 0.82

X2 = 0 .86 , y2 = 0.86 z2 = 0.82

Third iteration

x3 =
1
13 − y 2 − 2 z 2  y3 =
1
14 − 3x2 − z 2 
10 10
=
1
13 − (0.86) − 2(0.82 =
1
14 − 3(0.86) − 0.82
10 10
=
1
13 − 0.86 − 1.64 =
1
14 − 2.58 − 0.82
10 10
=
1
10.5 =
1
10.6
10 10
= 1.05 = 1.06

z3 =
1
15 − 2 x2 − 3 y 2X3 = 1.05 , y3 = 1.06 z3 = 1.07
10
=
1
15 − 2(0.86) − 3(0.86)
10
= 15 − 1.72 − 2.58
1
10
=
1
10.7
10
= 1.07
 b i) Solve following system of equation using Gauss seidal methods
20x + y - 2z = 17 , 3x + 20y - z +18 =0 , 2x - 3y + 20z = 25 )
Solution : Given system of equation 20 x + y - 2 z = 17 --------------------1
3x + 20y - z = - 18 ------------------2
2x -3y+ 20z = 25 --------------------3
1
From 1 x= (17 − y + 2 z ) --------------------4
20
1
From 2 y= ( −18 − 3x + z ) --------------------5
20
1
From 3 z= ( 25 − 2 x + 3 y ) ----------------------6
20
First iteration

x1 =
1
17 − y 0 + 2 z 0  y1 =
1
- 18 - 3x 0 + z 0  z = 1 (25 − 2 x + 3 y )
20 20 1 0 0
20
=
1
17 − 0 + 2(0) =
1

− 18 − 3(0) + 0 
20 20 =
1
25 − 2(0) + 3(0)
20
= 17
1
= − 18
1
20 20
=
1
2 5
20
x1 = 0.85 y1 = −0.9 z1 = 1.25

x1=0.85 , y1 = -0.9, z1 = 1.25

Second iteration

1
y 2 = ( −18 − 3 x1 + z1 ) z = 1 (25 − 2 x + 3 y )
x 2 = 17 − y 1 + 2 z1 
1
20 2
20
1 1
20
= 17 − ( −0.9) + 2(1.25
1 =
1
− 18 − 3 (0.85) + (1.25) = 1 25 − 2 (0.85) + 3(−0.9)
20 20 20
x 2 = 1.02 y 2 = −0.965 z 2 = 1.03

X2 ,=1.02 y2 = -0.965 z2 = 1.03

Third iteration
 1
x3 =
1
17 − y 2 + 2 z 2  1
y 3 = ( −18 − 3x 2 + z 3 ) z 3 = (25 − 2 x 2 + 3 y 32 )
20 20 20
= 17 − ( −0.965) + 2(1.03) = − 18 − 3 (1.02) + (1.03 = 25 − 2 (1.02) + 3( −0.965)
1 1 1
20 20 20
x 3 = 1.00125 y 3 = −0.9015 z 2 = 1.00325

X3=1.00125 y3 = -0.9015 z3= 1.00325

After third iteration approximate values are x=1 , y= -1 z=1

ii) Find approximate square root of the number 105 using iterative method.
Solution
Here N = 105
Let 𝑥0 = 10
Now by Bakhasali Iterative Methos

2
𝑁−𝑥𝑛
𝑥𝑛+1=𝑥𝑛 + n= 0,1,2,3…….. ……………………………..1
2𝑥𝑛
First iteration
Put n=0 in equation 1 we get
𝑁−𝑥02
𝑥1=𝑥0+ 2𝑥0
105−102⬚
𝑥1=10+ 2∗10

𝑥1 = 10.25
second iteration
Put n=1 in equation 1 we get
𝑁−𝑥12
𝑥2=𝑥1+ 2𝑥1
105−10.252⬚
𝑥1=10.25+ 2∗10.25
𝑥1= 10.2469
Third iteration
Put n=2 in equation 1 we get
𝑁−𝑥22
𝑥3=𝑥2+ 2𝑥2
105−10.24692⬚
𝑥1=10.2469+ 2∗10.2469
𝑥3= 10.2469
Thus the approximate value of square root of 105 is 10.2469

C ) i) If 20% bolt produce by the Machines are defective , determine the probability that
out of 4 bolt drawn a) one is defective
b) at the most two are defective
Solution : Given 20% of the products are defective
20
P = = 0.2
100
We know that
q = 1- p
= 1- 0.2 = 0.8
∴ q = 0.8
From binomial theorem ,
P(r) = ncr pr q n-r ---------1
i) The probability of getting 1 is defective in 4 bolts is

P(1) = 4c1 (0.2)1 (0.8)4−1

= 4 (0.2)1 (0.8)3
= 0.4096
ii) The probability of getting at most two defective bolts .
r = 0 ,1,2
P(at most two defective ) = P(0) + p(1 ) + p(2 )

= 4c0 (0.2)0 (0.8)4−0 + 4c1 (0.2)1 (0.8)4−1 + 4c2(0.2)2 (0.8)4−2

= 1 (0.2)0 (0.8)4 + 4 (0.2)1 (0.8)3 + 6 (0.2)2 (0.8)2
= 0.9728

ii) IF a random variable has passion distribution such that p(2) = p(3) , Find p(5)
Solution : we have Poisson distribution
𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚𝑟
P(r) = ----------1
𝑟!
Given that P(2) = P(3)
𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚2 𝑒−𝑚 𝑚3
∴ =
2! 3!
𝑚 2 3
𝑚
∴ = 6
2
∴ m= 3
Now , we have to find P(5 )
 Put m = 2 and r = 5 in equation 1 , we get
𝑒 −3 (3)5
P(5) =
5!
(0.0497)( 243)
∴ P(4) = 120
∴ P(4) = 0.1006425

Q6 Attempt any Two of the following . 12 Marks

3
a) Using Newton Rapson Method evaluate √100 ( Four iteration )
1
Solution : Let x = 3
100 x = (100) 3
Taking cube on both side , we get
3
 1
X = (100) 3  = 100
3 
 
 
X 3 = 100
x3 -100 =0
f(x) = x3 - 100 ------------------------1
taking two trial points as a= 4 and b= 5
3
f(a) = f(4) =(4) -100 = 64 -100 = -36 <0 i.e negative
and f(b) = f(5)= (5) 3-100= 125- 100 =25 > 0 i.e positive

f(4) <0 and f(5) >0

root of the equation lies between 4 and 5
To apply Newton Raphson method select one root as4 or 5
But we observe that 125 is near to 100 so select x 0 = 5
taking initial root as x0 = 5
Differentiate equation 1 w . r .t .x we get
d d d 3 d
f ( x) = ( x 3 − 100 = ( x ) − (100)
dx d dx dx
f ' ( x) = 3 x 2 -----------------------2
Given that initial root is 5 i . e x0 = 5
f ( xn )
xn+1 = xn −
f ' ( xn )
( x 3 n − 100)
= xn −
3x 2 n

xn (3 x 2 n ) − ( x 3 n − 100)
xn +1 =
3x 2 n
3 x 3 n − x 3 n + 100
=
3x 2 n
2 x 3 n + 100
xn +1 = −−−−−−−2
3x 2 n

Putting n = 0 , 1 , 2 we get approximate root of the equation f(x) = 0

First iteration put n = 0 ,in equation 2 , we get
2 x 3 0 + 100 2(5) 3 + 100
x0+1 = =
3x 2 0 3(5) 2
250 + 100 350
x1 = =
75 75
x1 = 4.667
Second iteration put n=1 , in equation 2 , we get
2 x 31 + 100 2(4.667) 3 + 100
x1+1 = =
3x 21 3(4.667) 2
303.3028
x2 =
65.3427
x 2 = 4.6417
Third iterationput n = 2 ,in equation 2 we get
2 x 3 2 + 100 2(4.6417) 3 + 100
x3 = =
3x 2 2 3(4.6417) 2
3000.014
x2 =
64.636
x 2 = 4.6415
After three iteration approximate root of the equation is x = 4.6415
Four iterationput n = 3 ,in equation 2 we get
2 x 3 + 100 2(4.6415) 3 + 100
x4 = =
3x 2 3(4.6415) 2
 299.98
𝑥4 = 64.6305 = 4.6414

After four iteration approximate root of the equation is x = 4.6414

b) If the probability that an individuals suffer a bad reaction form certain injection is
0.001 Determine the probability that out of 1000 individuals
I ) Exactly Two II ) at least two
III) at most two Iv) More than Two suffer a bad reaction
Solution : given p = 0.001 very small
N =1000 very Large so we can use Poisson distribution
Mean of Poisson distribution m = N XP = 1000 X 0.001=1

we have Poisson distribution

𝑒 −𝑚 𝑚𝑟
P(r) = ---------- 1
𝑟!
i) P( exactly two get bad reaction)
r = 2
𝑒 −1 (1)2
∴ P(2) = 2!
(0.3678) (1)
∴ P(2) = 2

∴ P( exactly two get bad reaction) = P(2) = 0.183939

ii) P( At least two get bad reaction)
r = 3 4 , 5 ,---------------,1000
P(r = 1 , 2 ,3 4 , 5 ,---------------,1000)
= P(3) + p(4) + p(5) + ------------+p(1000)
= 1 − {𝑝(0) + 𝑝(1)}
0 1
𝑒−1 (1) 𝑒−1 (1)
= 1− {
0! + 1! }
= 1 − 𝑒 −1 { 1 + 0.3678}
= 1 − (0.3678){ 1.3678}
= 1 − 0.503076
= 0.49692
∴ P( At least two get bad reaction) = 0.49692
iii) P( At most two get bad reaction)
r = 0,1,2
P(r = 0,1,2,)
= {𝑝(0) + 𝑝(1) + 𝑝(2)}
0 1 2
𝑒−1 (1) 𝑒−1 (1) 𝑒−1 (1)
= {
0! + 1! + 2! }
 −1 (1) (1)⬚ 1
= 𝑒 { + 1 + 2}
1
= 𝑒 −1 { 1 + 1 + 0.5}
= (0.3678){ 2.5}
= 0.9195
∴ P( At least three get bad reaction) = 0.9195
iv) P( more than 2 get bad reaction)
r = 3,4,5,6,7….1000
P(r = 3,4,5,6,…1000)
= 1- {𝑝(0) + 𝑝(1) + 𝑝(2)}
0 1 2
𝑒−1 (1) 𝑒−1 (1) 𝑒−1 (1)
= 1- {
0! + 1! + 2! }

−1 (1) (1)⬚ 1
= 1-( 𝑒 { + + 2 })
1 1
= 1-( 𝑒 −1 { 1 + 1 + 0.5})
= 1- (0.3678){ 2.5}
= 0.0805
∴ P( more than 2 get bad reaction) = 0.0805

c) In a sample of 1000 cases , the mean of certain test is 14 and standard deviation is 2.5
Assuming distribution is normal , Find
I) How many student score below 12
II) How many student score between 12and 15
III) How many student score above 18
GIVEN { (0.8) = 0.2881 , A( 0.4) = 0.1554 , A( 1.6) = 0.4452 }
I) Given
a) To calculate standard normal variate as
𝑥 − 𝑥
Z =
𝜎
a) Put x = 12 , 𝑥 = 14
and 𝜎 = 2.5
12 − 14 −2
Z1 = = 2.5 = -0.8
2.5
𝑝(𝑧 < −0.8 ) = A( Student less than 12 )
= (area from z = 0 , 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ) - (area from z = 0 to z = 0.8 , 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 )
= 0.5 - 0.2881
= 0.2119

Number of student score below 12= nxp

= 1000 x 0.2119
 = 211.9
≅ 212

II) Given mean = 𝑥 = 14

Standard deviation = 𝜎 = 2.5
To calculate standard normal variate as
𝑥 − 𝑥
Z =
𝜎
a) Put x = 12 , 𝑥 = 14 and 𝜎 = 2.5
12 − 14 −2
Z1 = = 2.5 = - 0.8
2.5
b) Put x = 15 , 𝑥 = 14 and 𝜎 = 2.5
15 − 14 −1
Z1 = = = 0.4
2.5 2.5
∴ 𝑝(−0.8 < 𝑧 < 0.4 ) = A(Student score between 12 and 15)
= (area from z = 0 to 0.8 , 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ) + (area from z = 0 to z =
.0.4 , 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 )
= 0.2281+ 0.1554
= 0.4434
Number of student score between 12 and 15 = n x p
= 1000 x 0.4435
= 443.5
≅ 445
III) Given
a) To calculate standard normal variate as
𝑥 − 𝑥
Z =
𝜎
a) Put x = 18 , 𝑥 = 14 and 𝜎 = 2.5
18 − 14 4
Z1 = = 2.5 = 1.6
2.5
𝑝(𝑧 > 1.6 ) = A(Student score above 18 )
= (area from z = 0 , 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 ) - (area from z = 0 to z = 1.6 , 𝑟𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 )
= 0.5 - 0.4452
= 0.0548

Number of student score above 1 8 = nxp

= 1000 x 0.0548
= 54.8
≅ 55

=====================Best of Luck =========================================