INFORMATICS PRACTICES (065) - XII BY G SIVA PRASAD (PGT)

Plotting with pyplot

 Data visualization is the technique to present the data in a pictorial or graphical format.
 It enables stakeholders and decision makers to analyze data visually.
 The data in a graphical format allows them to identify new trends and patterns easily.
 The main benefits of data visualization are as follows:
 It simplifies the complex quantitative information
 It helps analyze and explore big data easily
 It identifies the areas that need attention or improvement
 It identifies the relationship between data points and variables
 It explores new patterns and reveals hidden patterns in the data
 The matplotlib is a python library that provides many interfaces functionally for 2D graphics similar
to MATLAB’s in various form.
 pyplot is a collection of methods within matplotlib which allows user to construct 2D plots easily
and interactively.
 The syntax to import pyplot is

import matplotlib.pyplot
(or)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

 As per our syllabus, we will discuss about the following charts in python.
(1) Line charts
(2) Scatter charts
(3) Bar charts
(1) Line charts
 Alinechartorlinegraphisatypeofchartwhichdisplaysinformationasaseriesof data
points called markers connected by straight line segments.
 plot() method is used to construct linecharts.
 Syntax:
matplotlib.pyplot.plot(data1,data2,color,marker,linestyle,type,markeredgecolor… )

Where,
 ‘color’ represents line color and values will be like black or k (black color), blue or b (blue color),
red or r (red color), etc.
 ‘linestyle’ represents type of line and values willbe like solid or dashed or dashdot or
dotted
 ‘markeredgecolor’ edgecolor of themarker. Thevalues of this parameters as like color
values.

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 ‘marker’ represents marker type as follows.

 Eg (1):

OUTPUT:

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(2) Scatter charts

 The scatter chart is a graph of plotted points on two axes that show the relationship between two
sets ofdata.
 The scatter charts can be created through two functions of pyplot library:
plot( ) function
scatter() function
 Syntax of plot() function is –
matplotlib.pyplot.plot(data1,data2,marker,color,markersize)

Where, markersize represents size of the marker.

Remaining all parameters are same as line chart syantax.
 Eg (1):

OUTPUT:

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(3) Bar charts

 A Bar Graph / Chart is a graphical display of data using vertical bars or horizontal of different
heights.
 The bar graph can created by using the following methods.
(a) bar()
(b) barh()
 bar() is used to create vertical bar graphs.
 barh() is used to create horizontal bar graphs.
 Syntax:

matplotlib.pyplot. bar(data1,data2)
(or)
matplotlib.pyplot. barh(data1,data2)

 Eg(1):

OUTPUT:

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 Eg (2): Above example1 using barh()

OUTPUT:

 Eg (3) : above example2 with different colors

OUTPUT:

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 Eg (4):

OUTPUT:

Note: for the differences in between bar graphs and histograms, please refer histogram topic.

4.Histogram
 A histogram is a plot that show the underlying frequency distribution of a set of
continuous data.
 In pandas, hist() function is used to create histogram.
 It is an accurate graphical representation of the distribution of numerical data.
 It is similar to bar graph, but a bar chart majorly represents categorical data (data
that has some labels associated with it), while histograms on the other hand, is

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used to describe distributions.

 To create histograms, we have to use matplotlib library as follows

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

 Syntax:
plt.hist(data,bins,rwidth,label,bordercolor,,color)
Where,
data represents dataset(s).
bins represents bins intervals.
rwidth represents each bin width
label represents name(s) of dataset(s).
bordercolor represents border color of every bin.
color represents color(s) of dataset(s).

 The following methods can also be used in the creation of histograms:

 plt.title()
Used to set title to the histogram.
 plt.xlabel()
Used to set name x-axis to the histogram.

 plt.ylabel()
Used to set name y-axis to the histogram.

 plt.show()
Used to display the histogram.

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 Eg(1): Histogram creation with one datasets with default bins values.

OUTPUT:

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 Eg(2): Histogram creation with one datasets with default bins values.

OUTPUT:

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INFORMATICS PRACTICES (065) - XII BY G SIVA PRASAD (PGT)

 Eg(3): Histogram creation with two datasets.

OUTPUT:

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 Eg(4): Histogram with grids.

OUTPUT:

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