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BAYANIHAN COACHING
CLUSTER 1: RADIOGRAPHIC PHYSICS
Prepared by: Mr. Tristan Perez, RRT, MSRT
Dec 2024 Philippine Radiologic Technologist Licensure Examination Review
NAME: DATE: SCORE _____ /120

DIRECTION: Select the correct answer for the following questions. Mark only one answer for each item by encircling the
letter of your choice. Strictly no erasures allowed.

1. What change occurs when a photon undergoes coherent scattering?

a. Direction changes while energy, frequency, and wavelength remain unchanged.
b. Direction unchanged while energy, frequency, and wavelength changed.
c. No effect
d. Photon changes direction.

2. Which interactions occur above the diagnostic range?

I. Photoelectric
II. Pair Production
III. Photodisintegration
a. I only c. I and III
b. II only d. II and III

3. Which of the following is the least energetic?

a. Visible light c. Radiowave
b. Infrared d. Ultraviolet

4. What is the earliest plate used by Roentgen in his work?

a. Glass Plates c. Calcium Tungstate
b. Triacetate d. Rare earth

5. What is the SI unit for exposure?

a. Roentgen c. Gray
b. Coulomb/kg d. Sievert

6. It is the product of an object and its velocity.

a. Weight c. Momentum
b. Mass d. Force

7. The type of dose-response curve used to predict genetic effect is the

a. Nonlinear, Nonthreshold c. Linear, Nonthreshold
b. Nonlinear, Threshold d. Linear, Threshold

8. An ion is
a. Neutral atom c. Unstable atom
b. Stable atom d. Charged particle

9. What are the purposes of oil bath surrounding the tube?

I. Electrical Conductor
II. Thermal Cushion
III. Heat Production
a. I and III c. II and III
b. I and II d. All of these

10. What fraction of cell damage most likely results from direct action of x-ray radiation?
a. 1/6 c. ½
b. 1/3 d. 2/3

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11. Which of the following is not part of Newton’s Law?
I. Inertia
II. Force
III. Action/reaction
IV. Strength

a. I and II c. III only

b. I and III d. IV only

12. Which of the following is referred to as Joule/second?

a. Watt c. megawatt
b. Kilowatt d. cps

13. The time (days) before radiation-induced skin necrosis will manifest is most likely
a. 0.5 c. 5
b. 2 d. 10

14. When proton is converted into neutron, one of the following is emitted
a. Helium Nucleus c. Negatron
b. Positron d. scattered radiation

15. An electron ejected by characteristic radiation originating from same atom

a. Auger electron c. Recoil electron
b. Conversion electron d. Scattered electron

16. The total number of orbital electrons equals the number of protons in the nucleus when the atom is
a. Neutral c. Positively charged
b. Ionized d. negatively charged

17. Light and x-ray are the same in

a. Wavelength c. energy
b. Frequency d. velocity

18. What is the required total filtration for diagnostic radiology?

a. 1.5 mm Al c. 2.5 mm Pb
b. 0.5 mm Pb d. 2.5 mm Al

19. Radiowaves are produced by

a. Molecular vibration c. atomic excitation
b. Electrical vibration d. Ionization

20. Which of the following is best measure of power?

a. Joule c. Watt
b. Tesla d. Coulomb

21. In beta plus decay, the resulting daughter nuclide has

a. Same proton number c. one proton more
b. Same neutron d. one proton less

22. Which refers to the product of force and distance?

a. Mass c. Density
b. Work d. Energy

23. Atoms having the same atomic number but different neutron number with the same chemical characteristics, but
different atomic weight are
a. Nuclide c. Isobars
b. Isotopes d. isotones

24. Which unit of exposure is described as 100 ergs of energy per gram of irradiated absorber?
a. Roentgen c. Sievert
b. rad d. Curie

25. Transfer of heat by the emission of infrared radiation is called

a. Radiation c. Thermal radiation

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 b. Heat Radiation d. Convection

26. What are some forms of natural radiation?

I. Cosmic radiation from sun
II. Other planetary bodies
III. Naturally occurring radioactive substances present on earth
a. I and II c. II and III
b. I and III d. I, II and III

27. A line compensator ensures that what remains constantly delivered to the imaging system is
a. Voltage c. Current
b. Resistance d. Energy

28. It stops when they strike anything in their path and it results in no energy transfer, therefore no ionization.
a. Compton c. Coherent
b. Photoelectric d. Bremsstrahlung

29. It is a kinetic energy of the random motion of molecules.

a. Heat c. work
b. Radiation d. Force

30. What is the 3/6 of the annual dose limit of radiation workers?
a. 10 mSv c. 0.1 mSv
b. 20 mSv d. 1.0 mSv

31. Neutral particle of an atom found in the nucleus

a. Neutrons c. Neutrons
b. Neutrinos d. Nucleus

32. Negatively charged particle of an atom that surrounds nucleus

a. Electrons c. Beta minus
b. Beta plus d. Protons

33. What is 77 degrees F to Celsius?

a. 25 degrees C c. 35 degrees C
b. 32 degrees C d. 40 degrees C

34. Scientist credited with creating the “solar system model” of an atom
a. Rutheford c. Dalton
b. Bohr d. Thompson

35. It is the unit of occupational radiation exposure expressed as effective dose

a. rem c. rad
b. Sievert d. gray

36. Scientist credited with defining the “nuclear model”

a. Rutherford c. Dalton
b. Bohr d. Thompson

37. Beta particles have an atomic mass number

a. Zero c. One
b. Two d. Four

38. The rotating anode is powered by

a. Electromagnetic Induction Motor c. Generator
b. Resistor d. Conductor

39. A single unit of electromagnetic radiation

a. Quantum c. Radiation
b. Photons d. X-rays

40. The physical process in which particles are deflected haphazardly as a result of collisions
a. Scattering c. Attenuation
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 b. Absorption d. Ionization

41. Which of the following is not considered a force?

a. Electrostatic c. Weak
b. Electricity d. Strong
42. Which interaction does not involve ionization?
a. Rayleigh c. Compton
b. Photoelectric d. Characteristic

43. The total number of electrons in an electron shell is represented by

a. 2n c. 4n2
2
b. 2n d. n2

44. Which is the unit of mass?

a. Kilogram c. Weight
b. Density d. Force

45. In the electromagnetic spectrum, radiation with shortest wavelength are

a. Cosmic Rays c. X-rays
b. Gamma Rays d. UV Rays

46. Gamma ray is being released from the process of

a. Pair production c. Isomeric Transition
b. Electron cascade d. Photoelectric effect

47. Characteristic x-rays are emitted during

a. Pair production c. Isomeric Transition
b. Electron Cascade d. Photoelectric effect

48. In zXA, Z stands for?

a. Atomic mass c. Atomic Number
b. Mass number d. Neutron number

49. It controls the quantity of electrons

a. kVp c. watt
b. mA d. HVL

50. Atoms with the same number of neutrons are called

a. Isotones c. isobars
b. Isomers d. isotopes

51. The two major interactions that take place in diagnostic x-ray kV range are
I. Photoelectric Effect
II. Compton Scattering
III. Pair Production
a. I only c. II and III only
b. I and II only d. I, II and III

52. The unit s-1 refers to what?

a. Activity c. Time
b. Mass d. Exposure

53. It is the product of wavelength and frequency

a. Range c. Time
b. Mass d. Speed

54. The amount of x-ray photon or energy interacting per unit area per unit time is called
a. Power ` c. Velocity
b. Energy d. Intensity

55. The following are examples of non-ionizing radiation except

I. Microwave
II. Radio frequency
III. Laser
IV. X-rays

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a. IV only c. III only
b. II only d. I only

56. Fraction of kinetic energy that is converted to x-ray

a. 1/100 c. 50/100
b. 99/100 d. 75/100

57. X-ray photon energy is directly related to

I. Applied kilovoltage
II. Applied milliamperage
III. Photon wavelength
a. I only c. I and III only
b. I and II only d. I, II, III

58. Which law states that electrostatic force is directly proportional to the product of electrostatic charges and inversely
proportional to the square of distance between them?
a. Coulomb’s law c. 15% rule
b. Inverse Square Law d. Reciprocity Law

59. The source of electrons within the x-ray tube is a result of which process?
I. Electrolysis
II. Thermionic Emission
III. Rectification
IV. Induction
a. I and II only c. II only
b. II, III, IV only d. I, II and III only

60. Linear Energy Transfer (LET) may be BEST described as

a. The amount of energy delivered per distance traveled in tissue
b. The unit of absorbed dose
c. Radiation equivalent man
d. Radiation absorbed dose

61. One (1) Gray is equivalent to

I. 1 J/kg
II. 100 rad
III. 100 mrem
a. I and II only c. II and III only
b. I and III only d. I, II and III

62. The longer the wavelength of x-ray the greater the activity of
a. Penetration c. Absorption
b. kVp d. None

63. The standard unit (SI) of activity is

a. Curie c. dps
b. Roentgen d. Becquerel

64. Lead is a good absorbing material because it has

a. Low atomic number c. high atomic number
b. High filtering effect d. low filtering effect

65. A bundle of energy traveling in space carrying no mass or charge is described as

a. Alpha particles c. Beta particles
b. Particulate Radiation d. Electromagnetic radiation

66. It provides uniform radiographic density of body parts having varying part thickness or tissue composition
a. Grid c. Inherent Filter
b. Compensating Filters d. Added Filter

67. Purpose of air-gap technique

a. Reduces amount of scatter reaching IR c. Reduces leakage radiation
b. Reduces amount of primary radiation d. Reduces image contrast

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68. Effective ways to reduce patient exposure
I. Use high kVp
II. Maintain processor QC
III. Long SID
IV. Use collimation
a. II and III only c. I and III only
b. II and IV only d. All of these

69. Lead aprons provide protection from what type of radiation?

a. Secondary c. Remnant
b. Primary d. Useful

70. Material that does not allow electron to flow

a. Insulator c. Semiconductor
b. Conductor d. Rectifier
71. The smallest part of the atom is
a. Nucleus c. Shell
b. Orbital d. Nuclear field

72. The dislodged electron in Compton interactions is called

a. Recoil electron c. Positron
b. Scattered Photon d. Neutrino

73. Which interaction delivers the highest exposure to the radiographer during a radiographic exposure?
a. Classical Scattering c. Pair production
b. Compton Effect d. Photoelectric Effect.

74. The focal spot is projected toward the film is called

a. Actual c. Linear
b. Effective d. Double

75. Which of the following is not a unit of energy?

a. Erg c. Watt
b. Calorie d. Joule

76. In many instances, the least expensive type of radiation protection is

a. Lead Shielding c. Distance
b. Concrete shielding d. Automated exposure

77. The incorrect statement concerning alpha and beta particles is

a. They are electromagnetic in nature c. They have a known charge
b. They are particulate radiation d. They have a known mass

78. Lead aprons are worn during fluoroscopy to protect the radiographer from exposure to radiation from
a. Photoelectric effect c. Classical Scatter
b. Compton Scatter d. pair Production

79. It consists of a flat piece of lead with a hole of designated size, suitable to cover a given film at a specified SID
a. Potter-Bucky Diaphragm c. Aperture Diaphragm
b. Grid d. Collimator

80. Which elements are used for filtration in mammographic units?

I. Rhodium
II. Molybdenum
III. Copper, Molybdenum and Graphite
a. I and III c. I and II
b. II and III d. I, II, III

81. HVL is a measure of which aspect of primary beam?

I. Beam Quality
II. Effective Energy
III. Beam Quantity
a. I and II only c. II and III only
b. II and III only d. I, II and III only
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82. An interventional system is capable of 1200 mA when operated in 100 kVp, 100 ms. What is the power rating?
a. 120 kW c. 1200 kW
b. 120 W d. 12 kW

83. What are the devices that can be used to make measurements of the focal spot size?
I. Pinhole Camera
II. Star pattern
III. Slit Camera
a. I and II c. II and III
b. I and III d. I, II, III

84. A single-phase radiographic unit installed in a private office reaches maximum capacity at 100 ms, 120 kVp and 500
mA. What is the power rating?
a. 420 kW c. 4200 kW
b. 42 kW d. 4.2 kW

85. It is produced when a projectile electron is slowed by the electric field of a target atom nucleus
a. Characteristic radiation c. Photoelectric Effect
b. Bremsstrahlung Radiation d. Coherent Scattering

86. It is an energy equivalent of the difference between the mass of the nucleus and the sum of the masses of its
individual constituent nucleons.
a. Electron binding c. Nuclear binding
b. Kinetic d. Electrostatics

87. Atoms of different elements having the same atomic and mass number is
a. Isotope c. Isobar
b. Isotone d. Isomer

88. What is the half-life of Cobalt-60?

a. 5.2 years c. 6 hours
b. 8 days d. 30 years

89. What is the half-life of Cesium-137?

a. 5.2 years c. 6 hours
b. 8 days d. 30 years

90. What is the half-life of Technicium-99m?

a. 5.2 years c. 6 hours
b. 8 days d. 30 years

91. What is the half-life of Iodine-131?

a. 60 days c. 6 hours
b. 8 days d. 30 years

92. What is the half-life of Iodine-125?

a. 60 days c. 6 hours
b. 8 days d. 30 years

93. One (1) Curie is equivalent to

a. 3.7 x 1010 dps c. 3.7 x 1012 dps
b. 3.7 x 1011 dps d. 3.7 x 1013 dps

94. Which of the following is about 15% of the cell?

a. Water c. Protein
b. Carbohydrates d. Lipids
c.
95. Radium decays with a half-life of 1622 years to the radioactive element
a. Uranium c. Plutonium
b. Radon d. Americium

96. What is the thickness of Thoriated Tungsten wire?

a. 0.1-0.2 mm c. 1.5-2.0 mm
b. 1.0-2.0 mm d. 0.5-1.0 mm
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 97. Which of the following is used to reduce the effective area of focal spot?
a. Grid c. Line Focus Principle
b. Focusing Cup d. Cathode Assembly

98. What is the common diagnostic radiography target angle?

a. 5 degrees c. 15 degrees
b. 12 degrees d. 2 degrees

99. What term describes the separation of water into hydrogen and oxygen due to irradiation?
a. Toxicity c. Radioactivity
b. Radiolysis d. Irradiation

100. Distance affects the QUALITY of beam.

a. True
b. False

101. Which of the following is a matter?

a. Airport surveillance x-rays c. Anode heat
b. Mobile Signals d. Wet snow

102. Which of the following is the PRIMARY difference between mass and weight?
a. Mass is measured in pounds; Weight is measured in kilograms
b. Mass is the equivalence in energy; Weight is exerted by gravity
c. There is no difference.
d. Weight is energy; Mass requires gravity

103. The atomic number of 15P31?

a. 31 c. 16
b. 15 d. 41

104. A prefix which means one over one million (1/1000000) of a unit:
a. Milli c. Nano
b. Micro d. Kilo

105. The maximum number of electrons that can be contained by the outermost shell electron:
a. 8 c. 7
b. 2 d. 6

106. These are the facts about Electron Binding Energy (EBE), except
a. Energy that keeps protons inside nucleus
b. Decreases with increasing distance from nucleus
c. Keep electrons in their orbits
d. K-shell has the greatest EBE value

107. The atomic number of a nuclide with 60 nucleons and 33 neutral particles
a. 60 c. 27
b. 33 d. 93

108. A charged particle that is released by the nucleus that is disturbed by the existence of too few neutrons
a. Beta Particle c. Positron
b. Neutrino d. Negatron

109. The region or segment in electromagnetic spectrum that is important to radiology because of its use as a way of
describing the pathologic condition of the body through a radiograph.
a. X-ray c. Radiofrequency
b. Visible Light d. Ultraviolet

110. The threshold energy for PAIR PRODUCTION

a. 1.02 kEv c. 0.511 kEv
b. 1.02 MeV d. 0.511 kEv

111. Arrange from radioresistant to radiosensitive:

a. M, G1, G2, S c. S, G2, G1, M

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b. G1, G2, S, M d. S, M, G1, G2

112. What law says that cells that rapidly dividing and undifferentiated are more radiosensitive?
a. Bergonie and Tribondeau c. Ancel and Vitemberger
b. Rubin and Casarett d. Tan

113. This law states that younger cells with many activities are more radiosensitive:
a. Bergonie and Tribondeau c. Ancel and Vitemberger
b. Rubin and Casarett d. Tan

114. This law states that greater biological stress on cells increases the radiosensitivity of cells.
a. Bergonie and Tribondeau c. Ancel and Vitemberger
b. Rubin and Casarett d. Tan

115. According to Michalowski Classification, this type of cell can undergo unlimited proliferation
a. Bone Marrow c. Liver
c. Thyroid Cells d. Both b and c

COMPUTATION:

116. How many number of dots can be seen in a radiograph with technical factors of 90 kVp, 35 mAs, 250
mA?
a. 16.8 dots c, 15.6 dots
b. 12.5 dots d. 10.8 dots

117. What is the heat unit (HU) of a high frequency generator with the technical factor having been selected:
75 kVp, 500 mA, 2 seconds.
a. 108, 750 c. 105, 750
b. 101, 250 d. 75, 000

118. Radiographic exposure results in 0.095 Joules of energy absorbed by the pancreas. If the pancreas has the
weight of 0.5 kg, what is the total absorbed dose?
a. 0.19 J/kg c. 0.30 J/kg
b. 0.15 J/kg d. 0.23 J/kg

119. A radiation worker received a thyroid dose of 2.5 Gy over the last decade. What is the equivalent dose
assuming that x-ray has radiation weighing factor of 1?
a. 2.5 Sievert c. 250 Sievert
b. 0.25 Sievert d. 25 Sievert

120. What is the effective dose of a pataient, when his/her brain having Tissue Weighing Factor of 0.01 was
exposed to Alpha Radiation which has a Radiation Weighing Factor of 20, resulting to 0.10 Gy?
a. 0.02 Sievert c. 0.05 Sievert
b. 0.90 Sievert d. 0.85 Sievert

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