LO: Recall how to find the pH and concentration of strong acids
1. What is the pH of 0.04M H2SO4?
2. What is the concentration of HCl with a pH of 1.30? 3. What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid? 4. What is a Bronsted-Lowry base? 5. Identify the acid-base pairs in this reaction: Recap Starter LO: Recall how to find the pH and concentration of strong acids
1. 1.10 (MUST be given to 2 d.p.)
2. 0.0501 moldm-3 3. Proton donor 4. Proton acceptor 5. We are learning about… Strong Bases
Specification references… 3.1.12.3 Water is slightly dissociated.
KW is derived from the equilibrium constant for this dissociation. K W=[H+][OH–]
The value of KW varies with temperature.
Students should be able to use KW to calculate the pH of a strong base from its concentration. Water LO: Know that water partially dissociates in water, and explain why it is amphoteric
Write equations to show:
1. The dissociation of water 2. The reaction of water with hydrochloric acid 3. The reaction of water with ammonia
EXT: For Q2 and 3, identify the acid-base
pairs Water LO: Know that water partially dissociates in water, and explain why it is amphoteric
1. Write an equation to show the dissociation of water
H2O ⇌ H+ + OH-
2. Write an equation for hydrochloric acid reacting with
water Water accepts a proton
HCl + H2O → H3O+ + Cl- Water acts as a base
3. Write an equation for ammonia reacting with water
NH3 + H2O → -OH + NH4+ Water donates a proton
Water acts as an acid
Water LO: Know that water partially dissociates in water, and explain why it is amphoteric
This means that water is amphoteric – it
behaves as both an acid and a base.
Write a Kc expression for this reaction.
What can we say about the size of Kc? Water LO: Know that water partially dissociates in water, and explain why it is amphoteric
Water does ionize,
but only very slightly
• As the equilibrium lies to the
LHS, the concentration of water is very large in comparison to the Kc = [H+(aq) ] [OH¯(aq)] concentration of the ions [H2O(l)] • The concentration of water can be regarded as constant
• We can therefore have a new
Kw = [H+(aq) ] [OH¯(aq)] constant: Kw
• Kw is the ionic product of water
Kw = the ionic product of water LO: Know that water partially dissociates in water, and explain why it is amphoteric
+ - Kw = [H (aq) ] [OH (aq) ]
You must remember this, and recall that at
298K (25˚C) Kw = 1 x 10-14
How could we use this to calculate the pH of
a strong base? Strong bases LO: Use Kw to find the pH of a strong base
Strong bases fully dissociate, therefore the
concentration of base is equal to the concentration of OH-
We can use the value of Kw (it will either be
at 25 ˚C or you will be given a value) and the OH- concentration to find a value for [H+], then we would do –log[H+] to find pH. Strong bases LO: Use Kw to find the pH of a strong base
Calculate the pH of 0.001 mol dm-3 NaOH at
298K
1 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6 = [H+][0.001]
[H+] = 1 x 10-14 / 0.001
[H+] = 1 x 10-11 mol dm-3
pH = - log [H+]
pH = - log (1 x 10-11)
pH = 11.00 Practice Questions LO: Use Kw to find the pH of a strong base Answers LO: Use Kw to find the pH of a strong base On whiteboards… LO: Use Kw to find the pH of a strong base
What is the difference in pH of the two
solutions?
0.4 mol dm-3 NaOH and 0.5 mol dm-3 HCl
0.4 mol dm-3 NaOH and 0.5 mol dm-3 HCl
pH NaOH =13.60
pH HCl = 0.30
pH difference = 13.30 On whiteboards… LO: Use Kw to find the pH of a strong base
What is the difference in pH of the two
solutions?
0.3 mol dm-3 NaOH and 0.5 mol dm-3 H2SO4
0.3 mol dm-3 NaOH and 0.5 mol dm-3 H2SO4
pH NaOH = 13.48
pH H2SO4 = 0.00
pH difference = 13.48 Plenary LO: Use Kw to find the pH of a strong base
Write a sentence to summarise each learning
outcome:
1. Explain the use of Kw
2. Calculate pH for bases 3. Explain why pH changes at temperature 4. Define amphoteric Extension On a white board….:
At 298K
14 = -log[H+] + -log [-OH]
pH = -log[H+] pOH = -log [-OH]
At 298K Kw = 1 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6
Therefore explain why pH + pOH = 14
Relationship between pH and pOH
Because H+ and OH¯ ions are produced
in equal amounts when water dissociates [H+] = [OH¯] = 1 x 10-7 mol dm-3 their concentrations will be the same.
Kw = [H+] [OH¯] = 1 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6
take logs of both sides log[H+] + log[OH¯] = -14
multiply by minus - log[H+] - log[OH¯] = 14
change to pH and pOH pH + pOH = 14 (at 298K)
N.B. As they are based on the position of equilibrium and that varies with temperature, the above values are only true if the temperature is 298K
Neutral solutions may be regarded as those where [H+] = [OH¯].
Therefore a neutral solution is pH 7 only at a temperature of 298K
Kw is constant for any aqueous solution at the stated temperature
