Mathematics
Mathematics
Real Analysis:
Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property. Sequences,
limit of a sequence, Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line. Convergence, absolute
and conditional convergence of series of real terms, rearrangement of series. Continuity
and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous functions on compact sets.
Riemann integral, improper integrals, Fundamental theorems of integral calculus.
Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequences and
series of functions. Partial derivatives of functions of several (two or three) variables,
maxima and minima.
Linear Algebra:
Vector spaces, subspaces, linear dependence, basis, dimension, Linear transformation.
Algebra of matrices, rank and determinant of matrices, system of linear equations.
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem. Matrix representation of linear
transformations. Change of basis, canonical forms, diagonal forms, triangular forms,
Jordan forms. Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis. Quadratic forms, reduction and
classification of quadratic forms.
Complex Analysis:
Extended Complex Plane, Stereographic projection of complex numbers, continuity and
differentiability of complex functions, Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations,
harmonic functions. Mappings by elementary functions: Translation, Rotation,
Magnification and Inversion. Conformal Mappings, Mobius transformations. Fixed points,
Cross-ratio, Inverse Points and critical mappings.
Numerical Analysis:
Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of one variable
by bisection method, Fixed point iteration method, Regula-Falsi method, Secant method
and Newton-Raphson methods, their order of convergence and convergence analysis,
solution of system of linear equations by Gaussian Elimination and Gauss-Jorden
(direct), Gauss-Seidel (iterative) methods. Newton’s (forward and backward) and
interpolation, Lagrange’s interpolation. Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule,
Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature formula. Numerical solution of ordinary differential
equations: Euler and Runga Kutta methods (2nd order and 4th order).
Vector calculus:
Differentiation of Vectors, Del operator, Gradient, divergent, Curl and directional
derivative, their identities and related theorems. Integration of Vectors. Line, Surface and
Volume integration of vectors. Gauss Divergence, Stokes and Green theorem.
Linear Programming:
Standard form of the LPP, basic feasible and Optimal solution, graphical method and
simplex method of solution, Artificial variables, Introduction to duality, Formulation of the
dual problem
Transportation problem, finding initial basic feasible solution using Northwest-corner
method, Least-cost method, and Vogel approximation method, Hungarian method of
solving assignment problem.
Graph Theory:
Graphs, Diagraphs, Networks and subgraphs, Vertex degree, Paths and cycles, Regular
and bipartite graphs, four cube problem, social networks, Exploring and traveling,
Eulerian and Hamiltonian graphs, Applications to dominoes, Diagram tracing puzzles,
Knight’s tour problem, Gray codes.