CHAPTER - 9

LIGHT- REFLECTION AND REFRACTION

Multiple Choice Questions
1. A beam of light is incident through the holes on side A and emerges out of the holes
on the other side B as shown in the figure below:

Which of the following could be inside the box?

A. Concave lens
B. Rectangular glass slab
C. Prism
D. Convex lens
2. Rays from sun converge at a point 15 cm in front of a concave mirror. Where should
an object be placed so that size of its image is equal to that of the object?
A. 30 cm in front of a mirror
B. 15 cm in front of a mirror
C. Between 15 cm and 30 cm in front of a mirror
D. More than 30 cm in front of a mirror
3. The distance between the optical centre and point of convergence is called focal
length in which of the following cases?

A. B.

C. D.

4. A student focused the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a convex
lens. He noted down the position of the candle, screen and the lens as under:
• Position of candle- 26 cm
 • Position of convex lens- 50 cm
• Position of screen- 90 cm
Select the row containing the correct values as per sign convention:

Object distance(u) cm Image Distance (v) cm Focal length(f)

A. - 26 cm - 50 cm + 30 cm

B. - 26 cm - 40 cm - 15 cm

C. - 24 cm - 40 cm + 15 cm

D. - 24 cm + 40 cm + 15 cm

5. While looking at the diagram a student named Drishti concluded the following:

(i) The image of the object will be a virtual one.

(ii) The reflected ray will travel along the same path as the incident ray but in
opposite direction.
(iii) The image of the object will be inverted.
(iv) This is a concave mirror and hence the focal length will be negative.
Which one of the above statements is correct?
A. (i) and (ii)
B. (i) and (iii)
C. (ii), (ii) and (iv)
D. (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)

6. The refractive index of flint glass is 1.65 and that for alcohol is 1.36 with respect to air.
What is the refractive index of the flint glass with respect to alcohol?
A. 0.82
B. 1.21
C. 1.11
D. 1.01
7. The refractive index of medium A is 1.5 and that of medium B is 1.33. If the speed
of light in air is 3 X 108 m/s, what is speed of light in medium A and B
respectively?
A. 2 X 108 m/s and 1.33 X 108 m/s
B. 1.33 X 108 m/s and 2 X 108 m/s
C. 2.25 X 108 m/s and 2 X 108 m/s
D. 2 X 108 m/s and 2.25 X 108 m/s

8. The path of a ray of light coming from air passing through a rectangular glass slab
traced by four students are shown as A, B, C and D in figure. Which one of them is
correct?

A. B.

C. D.

ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason(R). Mark the correct choice as:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

1. Assertion (A): The word AMBULANCE on the hospital vans is written in the form
of its mirror image in inverted form.
Reason(R): The image formed in a plane mirror is same size of the object.
2. Assertion (A): A ray of light passing through the center of curvature of a
concave mirror is reflected back along the same path.
Reason (R): The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal at the point of
incidence lie on the same plane.
3. Assertion (A): The image formed by a concave mirror is certainly real, if the object
is virtual.
Reason(R): The image formed by a concave mirror may be real or virtual
depending on the position of the object.
 164

4. Assertion (A): when a concave mirror is held under water, its focal length will
increase.
Reason(R): The focal length of a concave mirror is independent of the medium in
which it is placed.
SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS
1. Name two mirrors used in the beauty shop.
2. Why do we prefer a convex mirror as a rear-view mirror in vehicles?
3. The magnification produced by a plane mirror is +1. What does this mean?
4. List two precautions which a student should observe while determining the focal length
of a given convex lens by obtaining image of a distant object on a screen.
5. An object of 2 cm high is placed at a distance of 64 cm from a white screen on placing
a convex lens at a distance of 32 cm from the object it is found that a distant image
of the object is formed on the screen. What is the focal length of the convex lens and size
of the image formed on the screen?
6. The refractive index of water is 1.33 and kerosene is 1.44. Calculate the refractive index
of kerosene with respect to water.
7. State the laws of refraction of light. Explain the term “Absolute refractive index of a
medium”. Write an expression to relate it with the speed of light in vacuum.
8. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 20 cm. What is its focal length?

LONG ANSWERS QUESTIONS

1. A converging lens has focal length of 12 m, calculate at what distance should the
object be placed from the lens so that it forms an image at 48 m on the other side
of the lens.

2. Analyse the following observation table showing variation of image distance ( v ) with
object distance ( u ) in case of a convex lens and answer the questions that follow
without doing any calculations:

S. No Object distance(u) Image distance(v)

1 -100 +25

2 -60 +30

3 -40 +40

4 -30 +60

5 -25 +100

6 -15 +120
a) What is the focal length of the convex lens? Give reason to justify you answer.
b) Write the serial number of the observation which is not correct. On what basis have
you arrived at this conclusion.
c) Select an appropriate scale and draw a ray diagram for the observation at S. No. 2.
Also find the approximate value of magnification.

3. (a) Two lens have power of +2D and - 4D. What is the nature and focal length of each
lens?
(b) An object is kept at a distance of 100 cm for a lens of power - 4D. Calculate image
distance.

CASE BASED / DATA BASED QUESTIONS

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions:
Following figure illustrates the ray diagram for the formation of image by a concave
mirror. The position of the object is beyond the centre of curvature of the concave mirror.

A. If the focal length of the concave mirror is 10 cm, the image formed will be
_____ .
B. An image formed by a concave mirror is virtual, when the object is at .
C. A negative sign in the magnification value indicates that the image is .
D. If the size of the object in the given figure is 5 cm and the magnification
produced is -0.5, the size of the image is cm.
2 . A girl was playing with a thin beam of light from a laser torch by directing it from
different directions on a convex lens held vertically. She was surprised to see that in a
particular direction, the beam of light continues to move along the same direction
after passing through the lens.
A. State the reason for her observation.
B. Draw a ray diagram to support your answer.
C. What is concave and convex mirror?
 166

3 . One of the most common uses of convex mirror is the passenger side mirror on your
car. Convex mirrors are also often found in the hallway of various buildings,

hospitals etc.

A. As the object is moved away from the focus of the convex mirror, what will
be the effect on the size of the image?
a. Size of the image increases
b. Size of the image decreases
c. Size of the image remains same
d. Size of the image decreases if the image shifts from focus towards the pole
B. Explain, why convex mirrors are used in shopping malls for security purposes?
C. What happened with image area cover range if we replace the convex mirror with plane
mirror?
 CHAPTER - 10
THE Human Eye and the Colorful World
Multiple Choice Questions
1. When we enter a dark room coming from outside, immediately the things inside the
room do not appear clear to our eyes. This is because
A. Pupils do not open at all in the dark
B. Pupils take time to adjust.
C. Light travels slower in a dark room.
D. Pupils open very quickly in the dark.
2 . Near and far points of a young person normal eye respectively are
A. 0 and infinity
B. 0 and 25 cm
C. 25 cm and infinity
D. 25 cm and 150 cm
3. Myopia and Hypermetropia can be corrected by
A. Concave and Plano-convex lens
B. Concave and convex lens
C. Convex and concave lens
D. Plano-concave lens for both defects.
4. Safar cannot see through the fog while driving, because
A. Refractive index of the fog is very high
B. Light suffers total reflection at droplets
C. Fog absorbs light
D. Light is scattered by the droplets
5. Twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric
A. Dispersion of starlight by water droplets of the atmosphere
B . Refraction of starlight by different layers of varying refractive indices
C . Scattering of light by dust particles of the atmosphere
D . Reflection of starlight by different layers of varying refractive indices
6. A person cannot see distinctly objects kept beyond 4 m. This defect can be
corrected by using a lens of power
A. +0.4D
B. -0.4D
C. +0.25D
D. -0.25D
7. With both eyes open, a person’s field of view is about:
A. 90o
B. 150o
C. 180o
D. 360o
8. Read statement A and B and choose the correct options from the following
a) Astigmatism usually is caused by an irregularly shaped cornea.
b) Rainbow is the natural phenomenon in which dispersion takes place.
A. Both 'a' and 'b' are true statements
B. Both 'a' and 'b' are false statements.
C. ‘a' is true while 'b' is false.
D. ‘a' is false while 'b' is true

ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason(R). Mark the correct choice as:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.

1. Assertion (A): The near-point of a hypermetropic eye is more than 25 cm away.

Reason( R) : Hypermetropia is corrected using spectacles containing concave lenses.
2. Assertion (A): The light emerges from a parallel-sided glass slab in a direction
perpendicular with that in which enters the glass slab.
Reason (R): The perpendicular distance between the original path of incident ray and
emergent ray coming out of glass slab is called lateral displacement of the emergent
ray of light.
3. Assertion (A): A rainbow is sometimes seen in the sky in rainy season only when
observer’s back is towards the Sun.
Reason (R): Internal reflection in the water droplets causes dispersion and the final
rays are in backward direction.
4. Assertion (A): The Sun appears flattened at sunrise and sunset.
Reason (R): The Sun appears red at sunrise and sunset.
SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS
1. Write the name of A, B, C, D, E in the given parts of human eye picture with

function.
(i) Cornea (ii) Iris (iii) Crystalline lens (iv) Ciliary muscles
2 . What is the power of accommodation of human eye? Explain why the image
distance in the eye does not change when we change the distance of an object from the
eye?
3. Draw a labeled diagram to explain the formation of a rainbow in the sky.
4. A narrow PQ of white light is passing through a glass prism ABC as shown in the
diagram. Trace it on your answer sheet and show the path of the emergent beam as
observed on the screen DE.

5. List two causes of hypermetropia.

6. List the factors responsible for color of scattered light depends on.
7. Give reason -
a) No rainbow could be observed from the surface of moon by the astronauts.
b) If the Earth has no atmosphere, what change would be observed in the length of day?
8. A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row. What could
be the defect the child is suffering from? How can it be corrected?

LONG ANSWERS QUESTIONS

1. Explain the refraction of light through a triangular glass prism using a labeled ray
diagram. Hence define the angle of deviation.

2. How will you use two identical prisms so that a narrow beam of white light incident on
one prism emerges out of the second prism as white light? Draw the diagram.
3. Give reason for the following
 a) Danger signals are red in colour
b) Sun is visible two minutes before actual sunrise
c) Sky appears to be blue
d) Stars appears to twinkle
e) Sky appears to be dark from the surface of the moon

CASE BASED / DATA BASED QUESTIONS

1. Read the following and answer the following questions
Atmospheric refraction is the phenomenon of bending of light on passing through earth’s
atmosphere. As we move above the surface of earth, density of air goes on decreasing.
Local conditions like temperature etc. also affect the optical density of earth’s
atmosphere. On account of atmospheric refraction, stars seen appear higher than they
actual are; advanced sunrise; delayed sunset, oval appearance of the sun at sunrise and
sunset; stars twinkle, planets do not.
a) Due to atmospheric refraction, apparent length of the day
(A) Increases
(B) Decreases
(C) Remains the same
(D) All of these
b) Apparent position of the star appears raised due to (A)
atmospheric refraction
(B) scattering of light
(C) both (a) and (b)
(D) none of these
c) The illusion of the flat and oval appearance of the sun during the sunset is
known as the-
(A) Mirage
(B) Looming
(C) Dispersion
(D) Atmospheric refraction
d) Twinkling of stars and non-twinkling of planets is accounted for by (A)
Scattering of light
(B) Dispersion of light
(C) Atmospheric refraction
(D) Done of these
2 . Whether the color of the ocean and the color of the sky are related? Is this the same
reason? But they occur independently of each other. In both the cases, the preferential
absorption of long wave length light gives rise to blue. The Ocean looks blue, the blue
wave length returned predominantly than longer wave length. Note that this effect only
works if the water is very pure.
A. Which phenomenon of light is the reason for blue color of sky?
B. The intensity of scattered light will be more in (shorter / longer)
wavelength
C. Say Yes or No for the following:
(i) Red color of sun during sunset is due to scattering
(ii) Twinkling of stars is due to scattering of light

3. Shalu observes that a 14-year-old student is not able to see clearly the questions written
on the blackboard placed at a distance of 5 m from him. Few questions came to her mind.
Give answers to the below questions:
(i) Name the defect of vision he is suffering from.
(ii) Name the type of lens used to correct this defect. (iii)
What is the other name of myopia?
 CHAPTER - 11
Electricity

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The temperature of a conductor is increased. The graph best showing the variation
of its resistance is
B.
A.

D.
C.

2. Two devices are connected between two points say A and B in parallel. The
physical quantity that will remain the same between the two points is
A. Current
B. Voltage
C. Resistance
D. None of these

3. A fuse wire repeatedly gets burnt when used with a good heater. It is advised to
use a fuse wire of
A. More length
B. Less radius
C. Less length
D. More radius

4. What is the maximum resistance which can be made using five resistors each of 1/5 W?
A. 1/5 Ω
B. 10 Ω
C. 5 Ω
D. 1 Ω
5. Which of the following is/are correctly matched?

A. a only
B. b only
 C. b and c both
D. All a, b and c
6. Electric potential is a
A. Scalar quantity
B. Vector quantity
C. Neither scalar nor vector
D . Sometimes scalar and sometimes vector
7. A battery of 10 volt carries 20,000 C of charge through a resistance of 20 Ω. The work
done in 10 seconds is
A. 2×103 J
B. 2×105 J
C. 2×104 J
D. 2×102 J
8. Two bulbs are rated 40W, 220V and 60W, 220V. The ratio of their resistances will
be
A. 4:3
B. 3:4.
C. 2:3
D. 3:2

ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS

In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of
Reason(R). Mark the correct choice as:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
1. Assertion (A): The resistivity of a substance does not depend on the nature of the
substance and temperature.
Reason (R): The resistivity of a substance is a characteristic property of the
material.
2. Assertion (A): The coil of a heater is cut into two equal halves and only one of them
is used into heater. The heater will now require half the time to produce the same
amount of heat.
Reason (R): The heat produced is directly proportional to square of current.
3. Assertion (A): In a chain of bulbs, 50 bulbs are joined in series. One bulb is
removed now and circuit is completed again. If the remaining 49 bulbs are again
 connected in series across the same supply, then light gets decreased in the room.
Reason (R): Net resistance of 49 bulbs will be less than 50 bulbs.
4. Assertion (A): The connecting wires are made of copper.
Reason (R): The electrical conductivity of copper is high.

SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS

1. Define one ampere?
2. Find the energy in joules Is An electric bulb is connected to a 220 V generator. The
current is 2.5 A. Calculate the power of the bulb?
3. How two resistors, with resistances R1 Ω and R1 Ω respectively are to be
connected to a battery of emf V volts so that the electrical power consumed is
minimum?
4. Two identical resistors are first connected in series and then in parallel. Find the ratio of
equivalent resistance in two cases.
5. Why are alloys commonly used in electrical heating devices? Give reason.

6 . In the given figure what is ratio of ammeter reading when J is connected to A and then to
B.

7. Will current flow more easily through a thick wire or a thin wire of the same
material,when connected to the same source? Why?
8. Why are coils of electric toasters and electric irons made of an alloy rather than a pure
metal?
LONG ANSWERS QUESTIONS
1 . How will you infer with the help of an experiment that the same current flows
through every part of a circuit containing three resistors in series connected to a
battery?

2. Consider the given circuit and find the current flowing in the circuit and potential
difference across the 15 Ω resistor when the circuit is closed.
3. A copper wire has diameter 0.5 mm and resistivity 1.6 × 10-8 Ω m. Calculate the length
of this wire to make it resistance 100 Ω. How much does the resistance change if the
diameter is doubled without changing its length?
CASE BASED / DATA BASED QUESTIONS
1. Read the following and answer the following questions
In a circuit, several resistors may be combined to form a network. The
combination must have two endpoints to connect it with a battery or other
elements of the circuit. When the resistors are connected in series then the current
flowing in each remains the same but potential differences across each resistor will
vary. When the resistances are connected in parallel, the potential difference across
each resistor will be the same though a different amount of current will flow in each
resistor.
a) Two resistances 10 Ω and 3 Ω are connected in parallel across a battery. If there
is a current of 0.2 A in 10 resistors, the voltage supplied by the
battery is:
(A) 2V
(B) 1V
(C) 4V
(D) 8V
b) Two wires each having a resistance value equal to R are first connected in series
and then connected in parallel. The plot shows the graphical
representation of resistances in both cases.

(A) A denotes parallel combination

(B) B denotes series combination
( C ) A denotes series combination and B denotes parallel combination
(D) None of the above
c) The household circuits are connected in: (A)
Series
(B) Parallel
(C) Both series and parallel
(D) Neither series nor parallel
d) The equivalent resistance of two resistors x and y is z when connected in series
and M when connected in parallel. Z:M is:
 (A) xy
(B) x + y × y
(C) (x + y)2/xy
(D) xy (2x + 2y)
2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions from the heating
effect of current is obtained by transformation of electrical energy in heat energy. Just as
mechanical energy used to overcome friction is converted into heat, in the same way,
electrical energy is converted into heat energy when an electric current flow through a
resistance wire. The heat produced in a conductor, when a current flow through it is
found to depend directly on (a) strength of current (b) resistance of the conductor (c)
time for which the current flows. The mathematical expression is given by H = I2Rt.
The electrical fuse, electrical heater, electric iron, electric geyser etc. all are based on the
heating effect of current.
a) A fuse wire melts at 5 A. It is is desired that the fuse wire of same material melts at 10
A. The new radius of the wire is
(A) 4 times (B) 2 times (C) 1/2 times (D) 1/4 times
b) What are the properties of heating element?
(A) High resistance, high melting point
(B) Low resistance, high melting point
(C) High resistance, low melting point
(D) Low resistance, low melting point.
c) What are the properties of electric fuse?
(A) Low resistance, low melting point
(B) High resistance, high melting point.
(C) High resistance, low melting point
(D) Low resistance, high melting point
d) When the current is doubled in a heating device and time is halved, the heat energy
produced is
(A) Doubled
(B) Halved
(C) Four times
(D) One fourth times
 CHAPTER - 12
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The north pole of a long bar magnet was pushed slowly into a short
solenoid connected to a galvanometer. The magnet was held stationary for a
few seconds with the north pole in the middle of the solenoid and then
withdrawn rapidly. The maximum deflection of the galvanometer was
observed when the magnet was:
A . Moving towards the solenoid
B. Moving into solenoid
C. At rest inside the solenoid
D. Moving out of the solenoid

2. The magnetic field lines inside a current-carrying solenoid, are:

A . Along the axis and parallel to each other
B. Circular, but they do not intersect each other
C. Circular at the ends inside the solenoid
D. None of these

3. A TV set consumes an electric power of 230 watts and runs on 230 volts
mains supply. The correct fuse for this TV set is:
A. Five A
B. Three A
C. One A
D. Two A

4. The back face of a circular loop of wire is found to be south magnetic pole.
The direction of current in this face of the circular loop of wire will be:
A. Clockwise
B. Towards south
C. Anticlockwise
D. Towards north
5. A plotting compass is placed near the south pole of a bar magnet. The
pointer of the plotting compass will:

A. Point away from the south pole

B. Point parallel to the south pole
 C. Point towards the south pole
D. Point at right angles to the south pole
6. A student learns that magnetic field strength around a bar magnet is
different at every point. Which diagram shows the correct magnetic field lines
around a bar

B.

A.

D.
C.

7. A student inserts a bar magnet in the coil. The student observes deflection
in the galvanometer connected to the coil. What will happen if the
magnet is continuously getting in and out of the coil?
A. The current induced in the coil will increase
B . The current will change its direction continuously
C. The magnetic field will create a motion in the coil
D . The magnetic field of the bar magnet would keep decreasing
8. A student places some iron filings around a magnet. The
iron fillings arrange themselves as shown in the image.
The student labelled four different regions around the
magnet. Where would the magnetic field be the strongest?
A. a
B. b
C. c
D. d
ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS
In the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a
statement of Reason(R). Mark the correct choice as:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false.
d) A is false but R is true.
 1. Assertion (A): When the direction of velocity of moving charge is
perpendicular to the magnetic field, it experiences a maximum force.
Reason (R): Force on the moving charge does not depends on the
direction magnetic field in which it moves.
2. Assertion (A): Steel core is used as an electromagnet.
Reason ( R ) : Steel gets permanently magnetized when the current flows
through the coil wound around.
3. Assertion (A): It is fatal to touch a live electric wire as the person gets a
severe electric shock. In some cases, electric shock can even kill a person.
Reason (R): The electric current passes through the body to the earth
forming a circuit and burns the blood.
4. Assertion (A): On changing the direction of flow of current through a
straight conductor, the direction of a magnetic field around the conductor is
reversed.
Reason (R): The direction of a magnetic field around the conductor can be
given in accordance with left hand thumb rule.
SHORT ANSWERS QUESTIONS
1. State the color of wire conventionally used for 1) Live 2) Earth 3) Neutral?
2. What is full form of MCB? What kind of risk may increase if we not use
MCB in domestic circuit?
3. How does the strength of the magnetic field produced by a current
carrying solenoid increased?
4. What we need to do If we need to reduce risk of overloading in our home?
5. State one main difference between AC and DC. Why AC is preferred over DC
foe long range transmission of electric power? Name one source each of DC
and AC.
6 . Give examples of sources produce alternating current?
7. Identify the poles of a magnet in the figure.

8. How does the strength of the magnetic field at the center of a circular coil
of wire depends on -
a. The radius of the coil
b. The number of turns of wire in the coil
c. The strength of the current flowing in the coil
LONG ANSWERS QUESTIONS
1. (a) State three factors on which the strength of magnetic field produced
by a current carrying solenoid depends.
(b) Draw circuit diagram of a solenoid to prepare an electromagnet.

2. State the various advantages and disadvantages of AC over DC.

3. Define magnetic field lines. Give any 4 properties of these. Draw the
magnetic lines of force through and around -
a . single loop of wire carrying electric current
b. a solenoid carrying electric current
CASE BASED / DATA BASED QUESTIONS
1. Read the following and answer the following questions
Michael Faraday was a physicist. He introduces the concept of magnetic
lines of force to represent magnetic field. According to his experiments, when
bar magnet is surrounded by little bits of iron fillings, each a little magnet of its
own. By tapping iron fillings arranged themselves in a pattern.
a ) A piece of material that has both attractive and directive properties is called
A. Magnet
B. Iron fillings
C. Resistor
D. Coil
b) A bar magnet is cut into two pieces along its length. Which of the
following statement is true?
A. Two new bar magnets are created with half of pole strength.
B. Two new bar magnets are created with double pole strength
C. Bar magnet is demagnetized.
D . One part creates magnetic field and other creates electric field.
c) In uniform magnetic field, the lines are
A. Perpendicular
B. Parallel
C. Slanting
D. Zig zag
d ) The direction of magnetic field lines outside bar magnet is
A. Mouth to north
B. North to south
C. Towards east from both pole
D. Towards west from both poles
2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions
In India AC is used for domestic supply. Two separate wires are used for
this purpose. Live wire is maintained at 220 volts while neutral is at 0
volt. As a result, potential difference is maintained across these two
wires. A third wire called Earth wire is also used in domestic circuits.
a) Mention the colour of live wire
A. Black
B. Red
C. Blue
D. Green
b) wires of fuse have -------melting points.
A. High
 B. Low
C. Average
D. None of them
c) -----wire transfers the extra current from circuit to below the earth.
A. Live wire
B. Earth wire
C. Neutral wire
D. All of these
d) Choose the safety device from the following
A. MCB
B. Fuse
C. Earth wire
D. All of these