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14 views9 pages

8 - 5 Normal Distributions-1

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maggott8251
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Normal Distributions

Normal Distributions

A continuous random variable X may take on any real number. The


probabilities P(a ≤ X ≤ b) are defined by means of a probability density
function, a function whose graph lies above the x-axis with total area between
the graph and the x-axis as 1.
Normal Distributions
The probability P(a ≤ X ≤ b) is defined to be the area enclosed by the curve, the
x-axis and the lines x = a and x = b.
Normal Distributions
 x   
2
A normal distribution function 1
or normal distribution is a f ( x )  e 2 2

function:  2
where μ is the mean and σ is the standard deviation.
The “inflection points” are the points where the curve changes from bending in
one direction to bending in another.

The standard normal distribution The corresponding variable is called the


has μ = 0 and σ = 1. standard normal variable, Z.
Normal Distributions
Z is the standard normal distribution. Find the probability to 4 decimal places.
P(−0.71 ≤ Z ≤ 1.21)

We are asking for the shaded area under the standard normal curve.

Look at the table in Appendix which Look at the table in Appendix


lists the area under the curve from plus which lists the area under the
Z = -0.71 to Z = 0. curve from Z = 0 to Z = 1.21.

P(−0.71 ≤ Z ≤ 0) + P(0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.21)


Z 0.00 0.01 Z 0.00 0.01
0.7 .2580 .2611 1.2 .3849 .3869

0.2611 + 0.3869
0.648
Normal Distributions
Z is the standard normal distribution. Find the probability to 4 decimal places.
P(0.61 ≤ Z ≤ 1.4)

We are asking for the shaded area under the standard normal curve.

Look at the table in Appendix Look at the table in Appendix


which lists the area under the which lists the area under the
minus
curve from Z = 0 to Z = 1.4. curve from Z = 0 to Z = 0.61.

P(0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.4) - P(0 ≤ Z ≤ 0.61)

Z 0.00 0.01 Z 0.00 0.01


1.4 .4192 .4207 0.6 .2257 .2291
0.4192 - 0.2291
0.1901
Normal Distributions
Standardizing a Normal Distribution
If X has a normal distribution with the mean μ and standard deviation σ, and if Z
is the standard normal variable, then:
a b 
P a  x  b  P  Z 
   
Normal Distributions
X has a normal distribution with the given mean and standard deviation. Find
the probability to 4 decimal places.
μ = 51, σ = 10, find P(36 ≤ X ≤ 56)

a b 
P a  x  b  P  Z 
   
 36  51 56  51 
P  36  x  56   P  Z 
 10 10 
 P  1.5  Z  0.5 
From the
Appendix:  0.4332  0.1915  .6247
Normal Distributions
X has a normal distribution with a mean and a standard deviation. Find the
probability to 4 decimal places.
μ = 100, σ = 15, find P(112 ≤ X ≤ 127)

a b 
P a  x  b  P  Z 
   
 112  100 127  100 
P 112  x  127   P  Z 
 15 15 
 P  0.8  Z  1.8 
From the
Appendix:  0.4641  0.2881  .176

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