WEEK 5: MODAL VERBS: SHOULD, OUGHT TO, MUST, HAVE TO….

A. THEORY. GRAMMAR
I. SHOULD VÀ OUGHT TO
1. Cách dùng: Ví dụ:
* Should/ shouldn’t, ought to và ought not to You shouldn’t judge people by their appearances.
được dùng để đưa ra ý kiến hoặc lời khuyên. = You ought not to judge people by their
appearances. (Bạn không nên đánh giá người khác
qua bề ngoài.)
2. Cấu trúc: Ví dụ:
Should/ shouldn’t I think parents should / ought to take equal
V0
ought to/ ought not to responsibility for childcare.
(Tôi nghĩ cha mẹ nên chịu trách nghiệm như nhau
trong việc chăm sóc con cái.)
* Should được dùng phổ biến hơn ought to. Ought
to hơi mang tính trang trọng hơn should trong câu
phủ định và nghi vấn.

II. MUST VÀ HAVE TO (MUST AND HAVE TO)

MUST HAVE TO
Thể hiện sự bắt buộc từ bên ngoài
Thể hiện sự bắt buộc bởi người nói
You have to stop when the traffic light turns
Khẳng định You must respect your parents.
red. (Bạn phải dừng lại khi đèn đường
(Bạn phải tôn trọng bố mẹ mình.)
chuyển màu đỏ.)
Mustn’t: không được phép làm gì Don’t have to: không cần thiết phải làm gì
Phủ định We mustn’t smoke here. You don’t have to work overtime.
(Chúng ta không được hút thuốc ở đây.) (Bạn không cần phải làm thêm giờ.)
Ví dụ:
You must go home before curfew.
must/ mustn’t (Con phải về nhà trước giờ giới nghiêm.)
have to You have to attend the meeting at 6.
Cấu trúc
don’t have to (Bạn phải tham dự buổi họp lúc 6 giờ.)
V0
doesn’t have to
didn’t have to
had to

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences with should or shouldn't.

1. The teacher is annoyed with Quan - he ______________________ behave better in class.
2. You ______________________ play these computer games - they are a waste of time.
3. We ______________________ make a reservation at the restaurant for your birthday dinner.
4. You ______________________ go to bed early when you go to school the next day.
5. You ______________________ eat lot of fast food - it's bad for you.
6. You ______________________ find someone to ask about your homework.

Exercise 2: Choose the correct modal verb to complete the sentences.

1. You don't have to/ must eat anything you don't like.
2. If you don't want to have a sore throat, you don't have to/ oughtn't to drink too much iced water.
3. Flight attendants have to/ mustn't take care of passengers on the plane.
4. During the lesson, students don't have to/ mustn't leave class without the teacher's permission.
5. Her mother cooks for her, so she herself doesn't have to/mustn't cook.
6. Smokers don't have to/ mustn't smoke in public places. This is stated in a new law.
7. Drinks are free for today. It means that you don't have to/mustn't pay money for drinks today.
8. Kelvin won the lottery last year, so he doesn't have to/mustn't work now.
9. According to the company regulations, staff have to/ must finish their work with highest efficiency.
10. To be healthy, we mustn't/ ought to eat healthful food and do the exercise regularly.
11. In an exam, students must / mustn't answer all the questions.
12. To ride motorbike, students must / have to be over 16 years old.
13. In a park, you must / mustn't walk on the grass.
14. On a bus, you must / mustn't talk to the driver.

Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions.

1. Students _______ cheat in the exams; it is against the rules.
A. must B. have to C. don't have to D. mustn't
2. Students _______ go to school on Sundays; there is no class then.
A. must B. have to C. don't have to D. mustn't
3. This is a closed-book exam, so you _______ use any reference books in the examination room.
A. must B. have to C. don't have to D. mustn't
4. The project work in this semester is optional, so students _______ do it.
A. must B. have to C. don't have to D. mustn't
5. All students _______ wear uniforms at school because it is a rule.
A. should B. have to C. ought to D. must
6. My car broke down yesterday, so I _______ catch a taxi to the office.
A. have to B. had better C. had to D. has to
7. You _______ tell anyone what I've revealed to you. It's still a secret.
A. mustn't B. had better not C. ought not to D. don't have to
8. When playing or swimming in the pool, children _______ be accompanied by their parents.
A. should B. must C. don't have to D. have to
9. We _______ go to work by car. Sky train is a wise choice during rush hour.
A. ought to B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. have to
10. This warning sign indicates that you _______ step on the grass.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. don't have to D. ought not to
11. I will lend you some money, but you _______ pay it back to me next week.
A. should B. have to C. must D. mustn't
12. Hoa _______ feed the cats because her mother has done it already.
A. has to B. doesn't have to C. must D. have to
13. Those audiences _______ show their tickets before entering the concert hall.
A. have to B. must C. ought to D. don't have to
14. The children _______ spend too much time playing computer games.
A. mustn't B. ought to not C. shouldn't D. should
15. Water park is free for kids under 6 years old, so you _______ pay money for your son.
A. have to B. mustn't C. should D. don't have to
16. You look totally exhausted. You _______ take a rest instead of working overtime.
A. should B. ought C. must D. has better
17. Anyone _______ have a passport, even a visa when travelling all around the world.
A. ought to B. must C. should D. has to
18. In the peak season, travellers _______ book their accommodation in advance.
A. have to B. must C. should D. ought
19. This drink isn't beneficial for health. You ____ drink it too much.
A. should B. ought to not C. ought not to D. mustn't
20. If you still want to maintain this relationship, you ____ behave improperly like that.
A. ought to not B. ought not to C. mustn't D. don't have to
21. According to the school regulations, you _____ go to school on time on the weekday.
A. should B. must C. have to D. can
22. Children _____ break the rules, or quarrel with parents.
A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to
23. "You _____ come back home by 10 pm, or you'll get punishment, son."
A. should B. shouldn't C. must D. don't have to
24. We _____ do fun things together as a family on a regular basis.
A. should B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. have to
25. You ____ leave litter in any situation, or anywhere - just keep the surroundings clean and tidy.
A. have to B. don't have to C. must D. mustn't
26. It is not necessary for Alice to do all the housework.
A. Alice must not do all the housework.
B. Alice should not do all the housework.
C. Alice doesn't have to do all the housework.
D. Alice doesn't have to do the unnecessary housework.
27. It is against the school rules to cheat in the test.
A. You don't have to cheat in the test. B. You must cheat in the test.
C. You must not cheat in the test. D. You have to cheat in the test.
28. It is better for you to talk to your parents about your problem.
A. You ought to talk to your parents about your problem.
B. You ought not to talk to your parents about your problem.
C. You must talk to your parents about your problem.
D. You mustn’t talk to your parents about your problem.

Exercise 4: Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
1. You (A) ought (B) to taking him (C) to the emergency room.
2. (A) Despite having (B) a little chance to win, you (C) should give up your dream (D) of becoming a star.
3. Students (A) don't have to (B) consume (C) food or drink in the class or in the library.
4. The baby (A) is sleeping. (B) You (C) don't have to shout.
5. Ann, we (A) must (B) are (C) quicker or we will miss the last train to Hai Phong city.
6. You (A) have to (B) feed the dog. (C) I've already fed it.
7. Get out of the grass! (A) You (B) must walk on the grass (C) here.
8. You (A) have to (B) made sure that children (C) don't play outside alone.
9. You (A) mustn't (B) uses the motorbike without a driver's license. It's (C) against the law.
10. You (A) mustn't (B) to drive a car (C) if you (D) don't have a driving license.
11. We (A) shouldn't make an appointment (B) with this doctor. You (C) can see him whenever you (D) want.
12. Look at the sky, it (A) is going to rain. (B) Thus, you (C) must bring (D) along a raincoat.
13. (A) I will leave the party early (B) because (C) I must (D) studying for my exam.
14. I (A) stayed up (B)late last night because I (C) mustn't go to school (D) on Sunday.

Exercise 5: Rewrite the following sentences and add the available modal verbs to the appropriate
position.
1. I will tell you my secret, but you tell anyone. (mustn't)
 I will tell you ………………………………………………………………………….
2. You spend too much time playing computer games. You stop that. (must)
 You spend …………………………………………………………………………….
3. We wear helmets when we ride a motorbike. (have to)
 We ………………………………………………………..………………………….
4. I book the tickets in advance. (don't have to)
 I ……………………………………………………………...……………………….
5. Alia, you say rude words like that. (mustn't)
 Alia, you ……………………………………………………………………………
6. We play table tennis. We can play chess instead. (don't have to)
 We ………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Children put their hands into sockets. That is very dangerous. (mustn't)
 Children …………………………………………………………………………
8. Doctors sometimes work at the weekends and on national holidays. (have to)
 Doctors sometimes ………………………………………………………
Exercise 6: Rewrite each sentence using the word(s) in the brackets, without changing its meaning.
1. If I were you, I would spend more time talking with my children. (should)
 You …………………………………………………………………………………
2. John doesn't get permission to use that computer. (mustn't)
 John …………………………………………………………………………………
3. It is necessary that people who work here leave by 6 p.m. (must)
 People who work here ………………………………………………………………
4. Every staff isn't allowed to smoke or eat in the office. (mustn't)
 Every staff ……………………………………………………………………………
5. It is forbidden for students to cheat in the exam. (mustn't)
 Students ……………………………………………………………………………
6. Ms. Ly is in charge of cleaning the floor every day. (has to)
 Ms. Ly ……………………………………………………………………………..
7. You are not allowed to take photographs in the museum. (mustn't)
 You ………………………………………………………………………………..
8. It is not necessary for Jack to call Ben today. (doesn't have to)
 Jack …………………………………………………………………………….