s

Preface, Contents Product Overview

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

SIMATIC S7-GRAPH V5.3 for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems

Installation Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill Working with an S7-GRAPH Creating a Project

Manual

Programming the Structure of a Sequencer Programming Conditions and Actions Saving and Compiling S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call Downloading the S7-GRAPH-FB and Instance-DB Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System Printing the Sequencer Overview of all Actions Configuration Instructions Instance DB Glossary, Index

Edition 02/2004
A5E00290656-01

Safety Guidelines
This manual contains notices intended to ensure personal safety, as well as to protect the products and connected equipment against damage. These notices are highlighted by the symbols shown below and graded according to severity by the following texts:

! ! !

Danger
indicates that death, severe personal injury or substantial property damage will result if proper precautions are not taken.

Warning
indicates that death, severe personal injury or substantial property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.

Caution
indicates that minor personal injury can result if proper precautions are not taken.

Caution
indicates that property damage can result if proper precautions are not taken.

Notice
draws your attention to particularly important information on the product, handling the product, or to a particular part of the documentation.

Qualified Personnel
Only qualified personnel should be allowed to install and work on this equipment. Qualified persons are defined as persons who are authorized to commission, to ground and to tag circuits, equipment, and systems in accordance with established safety practices and standards.

Correct Usage
Note the following:

Warning
This device and its components may only be used for the applications described in the catalog or the technical description, and only in connection with devices or components from other manufacturers which have been approved or recommended by Siemens. This product can only function correctly and safely if it is transported, stored, set up, and installed correctly, and operated and maintained as recommended.

Trademarks
SIMATIC, SIMATIC HMI and SIMATIC NET are registered trademarks of SIEMENS AG. Third parties using for their own purposes any other names in this document which refer to trademarks might infringe upon the rights of the trademark owners. Copyright Siemens AG 2004 All rights reserved
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration of a utility model or design, are reserved.

Disclaimer of Liability
We have checked the contents of this manual for agreement with the hardware and software described. Since deviations cannot be precluded entirely, we cannot guarantee full agreement. However, the data in this manual are reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections included in subsequent editions. Suggestions for improvement are welcomed.

Siemens AG
Bereich Automation and Drives Geschaeftsgebiet Industrial Automation Systems Postfach 4848, D- 90327 Nuernberg Siemens AG 2004 Technical data subject to change.

Siemens Aktiengesellschaft

A5E00290656-01

Preface
Purpose of the Manual
This manual provides you with a complete overview of programming with S7-GRAPH. It supports you during the installation and setting up of the software. It includes explanations of how to create a program, the structure of user programs, and the individual language elements. The manual is intended for persons with the appropriate qualifications who are involved in programming, configuration, commissioning, and service of programmable logic controllers. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the example in Chapter 3 "Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill". This will help you to get to know S7-GRAPH quickly.

Required Experience
To understand the manual, you should have general experience of automation engineering. In addition to, computer literacy and the knowledge of other working equipment similar to the PC (e.g. programming devices) under the operating systems MS Windows 2000 Professional or MS Windows XP Professional are required. Since S7-GRAPH is a component of the STEP 7 basic software, you should have knowledge of the basic software conveyed in the "Programming with STEP 7 V5.x" manual.

Scope of the Manual

The manual is valid for the S7-GRAPH V5.3 software package.

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Preface

Documentation Packages for S7-GRAPH and the STEP 7 Standard Software

The following table provides you with an overview of the STEP 7 and S7-GRAPH documentation:
Manuals S7-GRAPH V5.3 for S7-300/400 Purpose Basic and reference information explaining how to create a program, the structure of user programs and the individual language elements. The basics for technical personnel describing how to implement control tasks with STEP 7 and S7-300/400. Order Number The manual cannot be ordered separately. It is available on the product CD, the manual collection and on the internet. 6ES7810-4CA07-8BW0

Basics of STEP 7: Getting Started and Exercises with STEP 7 V5.3 Programming with STEP 7 V5.3 Configuring Hardware and Connections with STEP 7 V5.3 Converting from S5 to S7 LAD/FBD/STL manuals for S7-300/400 Standard and System Functions for S7-300/400

STEP 7 reference:

6ES7810-4CA07-8BW1 Reference work describing the LAD, FBD and STL programming languages as well as standard and system functions as a supplement to the STEP 7 basics.

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Manual and Online Help

This manual is an extract from the Online Help. The manual describes the basic knowledge you require to work with S7-GRAPH. The online help contains detailed, step-by-step instructions and reference sections. Since the manual and online help have the same structure, you can change easily between manual and online help.

Access to Online Help

The help system is integrated in the software with several interfaces: The Help menu provides numerous menu commands: Contents opens the contents of the S7-GRAPH help system. Introduction provides an overview of programming with S7-GRAPH. Using Help provides detailed instructions on working with the online help system. The context-sensitive help system provides information about the current context, for example help on an open dialog box or active window. This can be displayed by clicking the "Help" button or pressing the F1 key. The status bar is another form of context-sensitive help. A brief explanation of each menu command is displayed here when you position the mouse pointer on a menu command. A brief explanation of the buttons in the toolbar is also displayed if you position the mouse pointer briefly over a button. If you prefer to have a printout of the information in the online help system, you can print individual topics, books or the entire help system.

Further Support
If you have any technical questions, please get in touch with your Siemens representative or agent responsible. You will find your contact person at: http://www.siemens.com/automation/partner

Training Centers
Siemens offers a number of training courses to familiarize you with the SIMATIC S7 automation system. Please contact your regional training center or our central training center in D 90327 Nuremberg, Germany for details: Telephone: +49 (911) 895-3200. Internet: http://www.sitrain.com

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Preface

A&D Technical Support

Worldwide, available 24 hours a day:

Nuernberg Johnson City Beijing Peking

Worldwide (Nuernberg) Technical Support

24 hours a day, 365 days a year Phone: Fax: E-Mail: GMT: +49 (180) 5050-222 +49 (180) 5050-223 adsupport@ siemens.com +1:00

Europe / Africa (Nuernberg) Authorization

Local time: Mon.-Fri. 8:00 to 5:00 PM Phone: Fax: E-Mail: GMT: +49 (180) 5050-222 +49 (180) 5050-223 adsupport@ siemens.com +1:00

United States (Johnson City) Technical Support and Authorization

Local time: Mon.-Fri. 8:00 to 5:00 PM Phone: Fax: E-Mail: +1 (423) 262 2522 +1 (423) 262 2289 simatic.hotline@ sea.siemens.com GMT: -5:00

Asia / Australia (Beijing) Technical Support and Authorization

Local time: Mon.-Fri. 8:00 to 5:00 PM Phone: Fax: E-Mail: +86 10 64 75 75 75 +86 10 64 74 74 74 adsupport.asia@ siemens.com GMT: +8:00

The languages of the SIMATIC Hotlines and the authorization hotline are generally German and English.

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Service & Support on the Internet

In addition to our documentation, we offer our Know-how online on the internet at: http://www.siemens.com/automation/service&support where you will find the following: The newsletter, which constantly provides you with up-to-date information on your products. The right documents via our Search function in Service & Support. A forum, where users and experts from all over the world exchange their experiences. Your local representative for Automation & Drives. Information on field service, repairs, spare parts and more under "Services".

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Contents
1 Product Overview 1.1 2 1-1 What's New? .....................................................................................................1-4 2-1

Installation 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4

Automation License Manager ...........................................................................2-1 User Rights Through The Automation License Manager..................................2-1 Installing the Automation License Manager ......................................................2-3 Guidelines for Handling License Keys ..............................................................2-4 Installation .........................................................................................................2-4 Installing S7-GRAPH.........................................................................................2-4 Starting the Installation Program.......................................................................2-5 Notes on Installation..........................................................................................2-6 Uninstalling S7-GRAPH ....................................................................................2-6 3-1

Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15

Technological Task and Functional Diagram....................................................3-3 Selecting the Structure of the Sequencer .........................................................3-5 Defining the System Signals .............................................................................3-6 Creating the Drill Project in the SIMATIC Manager ..........................................3-7 Creating a Symbol Table...................................................................................3-8 Creating an S7-GRAPH FB and Programming a Sequencer ...........................3-9 Programming Step Actions .............................................................................3-11 Programming Transitions ................................................................................3-11 Programming Monitoring Functions ................................................................3-13 Specifying the Standard Function Block .........................................................3-14 Saving and Closing the Sequencer.................................................................3-15 Including the Sequencer in the STEP 7 Program ...........................................3-16 Downloading the Program to the CPU and Testing the Sequencer ...............3-18 Test Function: Control Sequencer ..................................................................3-19 Modifying the Sequencer ................................................................................3-20 4-1

Working with an S7-GRAPH 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3

Starting S7-GRAPH ..........................................................................................4-1 The S7-GRAPH User Interface .........................................................................4-2 Settings for the Work Area ................................................................................4-9 Customizing a Display Level, Colors and Fonts .............................................4-11 Tools for Editing the Sequencer......................................................................4-14 Display and Position of the Toolbars ..............................................................4-14 Editing the Sequencer with the Toolbars ........................................................4-15 Navigating in the Sequencer ...........................................................................4-16 5-1

Creating a Project 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5

Creating the Project in the SIMATIC Manager..................................................5-1 S7-GRAPH FB or S7-GRAPH Source File? .....................................................5-2 S7-GRAPH FB ..................................................................................................5-2 S7-GRAPH Source File.....................................................................................5-3 Opening an S7-GRAPH FB or an S7-GRAPH Source File ..............................5-3

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Programming the Structure of a Sequencer 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 6.12

6-1

Sequencer - Principle........................................................................................6-2 Structures of a Sequencer ................................................................................6-3 Rules for the Structure of a Sequencer.............................................................6-4 Elements of a Sequencer..................................................................................6-4 Step/Transition Pair and Initial Step..................................................................6-5 Jump..................................................................................................................6-6 Alternative Branch.............................................................................................6-7 Simultaneous Branch ........................................................................................6-8 Branch Stop ......................................................................................................6-9 New Sequencer.................................................................................................6-9 Permanent Instructions ...................................................................................6-10 Block Comment...............................................................................................6-11 7-1

Programming Conditions and Actions 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14

Actions...............................................................................................................7-3 Standard Actions ...............................................................................................7-4 Event-Dependent Actions .................................................................................7-6 Counters, Timers, and Arithmetic in Actions.....................................................7-9 Conditions .......................................................................................................7-15 Ladder Logic Elements for Programming Conditions .....................................7-18 Logic Operations with Ladder Logic Elements................................................7-20 FBD Elements for Programming Conditions ...................................................7-22 Logic Operations with FBD Elements .............................................................7-24 S7-GRAPH Addresses in Conditions ..............................................................7-25 Supervision Errors and Acknowledgment .......................................................7-26 Comment, Extended Name, Number, Name ..................................................7-28 Programming with Symbolic Addresses .........................................................7-29 Block Parameters and Variables in the S7-GRAPH FB..................................7-30 8-1

Saving and Compiling 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.4.4 8.4.5 8.4.6 8.4.7 8.5 8.6

Saving and Compiling .......................................................................................8-2 Rules for Saving an S7-GRAPH FB..................................................................8-2 Rules for Saving an S7-GRAPH Source File ....................................................8-3 Settings for Saving and Compiling ....................................................................8-3 Settings in the "General" Tab............................................................................8-4 Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: FB Parameters........................................8-6 Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Executability............................................8-7 Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Interface Description...............................8-8 Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Sequencer Properties .............................8-9 Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Warnings...............................................8-10 Settings in the "Messages" Tab ......................................................................8-10 Saving .............................................................................................................8-11 Compiling ........................................................................................................8-15 9-1

S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6

Calling the S7-GRAPH FB in the S7 Program ..................................................9-1 Calling the S7-GRAPH FB ................................................................................9-2 Selecting an FB Parameter Set ........................................................................9-3 Parameter Sets of the FB..................................................................................9-4 Input Parameters of the S7-GRAPH FB ...........................................................9-6 Output Parameters of the S7-GRAPH FB.........................................................9-9

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9.7 9.7.1 9.7.2 9.7.3 9.7.4 9.7.5 9.7.6 9.7.7 10

The Modes of the Sequential Control System ................................................9-11 Automatic Mode (SW_AUTO) .........................................................................9-12 Manual mode (SW_MAN) ...............................................................................9-13 Inching mode (SW_TAP) ................................................................................9-14 Automatic or Switch to Next Mode (SW_TOP) ...............................................9-15 Selecting a Step with S_SEL ..........................................................................9-16 Selecting a Step with S_PREV or S_NEXT ....................................................9-16 Progressing to the next Step with T_PUSH ....................................................9-16 10-1

Downloading the S7-GRAPH-FB and Instance-DB 10.1 10.2

Downloading Blocks from the Programming Device to the CPU ....................10-1 Uploading Blocks from the CPU to the Programming Device.........................10-3 11-1

11

Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System 11.1 11.1.1 11.1.2 11.1.3 11.2

Monitoring and Test Functions in the S7-GRAPH ..........................................11-2 Monitoring the Status Information ...................................................................11-2 Control Sequencer ..........................................................................................11-4 Synchronization...............................................................................................11-4 Test Functions of STEP 7 ...............................................................................11-5 12-1

12

Printing the Sequencer 12.1

Printing the Sequencer....................................................................................12-1 13-1

13

Overview of all Actions 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5

Standard Actions with and without Interlock ...................................................13-1 Event-Dependent Actions - with and without Interlock ...................................13-2 Counters in Actions .........................................................................................13-9 Timers in Actions...........................................................................................13-14 Arithmetic in Actions......................................................................................13-19 14-1

14

Configuration Instructions 14.1 14.2 14.3

General Level and Program Structure ............................................................14-2 Points to Note about Programming Sequencers.............................................14-8 Linking to Operator Control and Monitoring Systems ...................................14-12 15-1

15

Instance DB 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 15.9 15.10 15.11 15.12 15.13

Settings for the Instance DB ...........................................................................15-1 Assignment of Instance DB and S7-GRAPH FB.............................................15-2 Automatic Creation of the Instance DB on Saving..........................................15-3 Creating the Instance DB Later.......................................................................15-3 Displaying and Printing the Content of the Instance DB.................................15-3 Accessing the Instance DB .............................................................................15-4 Structure of an Instance DB ............................................................................15-4 Outline of the Structure of the Instance DB ....................................................15-4 FB Parameters ................................................................................................15-5 The Transition Structure..................................................................................15-9 The Step Structure ........................................................................................15-11 Sequencer Status..........................................................................................15-13 Internal Data Area .........................................................................................15-18

Glossary Index

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Product Overview

Programming Language S7-GRAPH

The S7-GRAPH programming language enhances the functional scope of STEP 7 with a graphical programming interface for sequential controls. S7-GRAPH allows you quick and clear programming of sequential operations you want to control with a SIMATIC PLC. The process is here split into single steps to provide a clear overview of the functional scope. The graphical display of the sequencer can be documented with pictures and text. Actions to be executed are determined in these steps. Transitions control the transition between steps (conditions for switching to the next step). These conditions are defined with the help of the programming languages LAD (ladder logic) or FBD (function block diagram).

PLCopen Basis Level

S7-GRAPH as of V5.1 complies with the PLCopen Basis Level for sequential control systems as stipulated in the DIN EN 61131-3 standard. If you have a sequential control system that conforms with the standard, you can now import it into the STEP 7 data management as an ASCII file using the SIMATIC Manager and then edit it in S7-GRAPH. To create sequential control systems complying with the standard, select the "Application Settings" dialog box and activate the "IEC-compliant" in the "General" tab.

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Product Overview

Sequential Control Blocks

A sequential control controls the process in a preset order that depends on certain conditions. The complexity of the sequential control depends on the automation task. However, even the most basic system requires at least these three following blocks: A STEP 7 block (1) in which the S7-GRAPH FB (function block) is called. This block can be an organization block (OB), a function (FC), or another FB. An S7-GRAPH FB (2) that describes the individual subtasks and interdependencies of the sequential control system. These subtasks (steps) and interdependencies (transitions) can be organized in one or more sequencers. An instance DB (3) that contains data and parameters of the sequential control system. The instance DB is assigned to the S7-GRAPH FB and can be created automatically by the system.
OB/FB/FC
(1)

FB i Comments for...

(2)

(3)

CALL FBi,DBi INIT_SQ:=

FC70/71/72

S1 T1 S2 T2 DB i

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Product Overview

Extract of a Sequencer with Steps and Transitions

You program sequencers in the S7-GRAPH FB. A sequencer consists of a sequence of steps that are executed in a fixed order depending on transitions (conditions for switching to the next step).

Step1

S1 Step1

Action Action

Motor

Limit switch T1 Transition1 Step2 S2 Step2 Action

Conditions

Input1

Input2 T2 Transition2

Conditions

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Product Overview

1.1

What's New?
Version 5.3 of the S7-GRAPH programming software has the following extended functions and modifications compared with Version 5.2.

Installation
S7-GRAPH is released for MS Windows 2000 Professional and MS Windows XP Professional. As of S7-GRAPH V5.3 there is a new licensing procedure. User rights are no longer issued by means of authorizations but now by means of license keys. License Keys are managed in the Automation License Manager (see User Rights through the Automation License Manager). The "AuthorsW" program is no longer used.

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Installation

2.1
2.1.1

Automation License Manager

User Rights Through The Automation License Manager

Automation License Manager

To use the programming software, you require a product-specific license key (user rights). Starting with STEP 7 V5.3, this key is installed with the Automation License Manager. The Automation License Manager is a software product from Siemens AG. It is used to manage the license keys (license modules) for all systems. The Automation License Manager is located in the following places: On the installation device for STEP 7. As a download from the Internet page of A&D Customer Support at Siemens AG

The Automation License Manager has its own integrated online help. To obtain help after the license manager is installed, press F1 or select the Help > Help on License Manager. This online help contains detailed information on the functionality and operation of the Automation License Manager.

Licenses
Licenses are required to use STEP 7 program packages whose legal use is protected by licenses. A license gives the user a legal right to use the product. Evidence of this right is provided by the following: The CoL (Certificate of License), and The license key

Certificate of License (CoL)

The "Certificate of License" that is included with a product is the legal evidence that a right to use this product exists. This product may only be used by the owner of the Certificate of License (CoL) or by those persons authorized to do so by the owner.

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Installation

License Keys
The license key is the technical representation (an electronic "license stamp") of a license to use software. SIEMENS AG issues a license key for all of its software that is protected by a license. When the computer has been started, such software can only be used in accordance with the applicable license and terms of use after the presence of a valid license key has been verified. Notes You can use the software without a license key to familiarize yourself with the user interface and functions. However, a license is required and necessary for full, unrestricted use of the software in accordance with the license agreement If you have not installed the license key, you will be prompted to do so at regular intervals.

License Keys can be stored and transferred among various types of storage devices as follows: On license key diskettes On the local hard disk On network hard disk

For further information on obtaining and using license keys, please refer to the online help for the Automation License Manager.

Types of Licenses
The following different types of application-oriented user licenses are available for software products from Siemens AG. The actual behavior of the software is determined by which type license key is installed for it. The type of use can be found on the accompanying Certificate of License.
License Type Single License Floating License Trial License Description The software can be used on any single computer desired for an unlimited amount of time. The software can be used on a computer network ("remote use") for an unlimited amount of time. The software can be used subject to the following restrictions: Upgrade License A period of validity of up to a maximum of 14 days, A total number of operating days after the day of first use, A use for tests and validation (exemption from liability).

Certain requirements in the existing system may apply with regard to software upgrades: An upgrade license may be used to convert an "old version X" of the software to a newer version X+. An upgrade may be necessary due to an increase in the volume of data being handled in the given system.

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2.1.2

Installing the Automation License Manager

The Automation License Manager is installed by means of a setup process. The installation software for the Automation License Manager is included on the STEP 7 product CD. You can install the Automation License Manager at the same time you install S7-GRAPH or at a later time. Notes For detailed information on how to install the Automation License Manager, please refer to its current "Readme.wri" file The online help for the Automation License Manager contains all the information you need on the function and handling of License Keys.

Subsequent installation of license keys

If you start the S7-GRAPH software and no license keys are available, a warning message indicating this condition will be displayed.

Notes You can use the standard software without a license key to familiarize yourself with the user interface and functions. However, a license is required and necessary for full, unrestricted use of the software in accordance with the license agreement If you have not installed the license key, you will be prompted to do so at regular intervals.

You can subsequently install license keys in the following ways: Install license keys from diskettes Install license keys downloaded from the Internet. In this case, the license keys must be ordered first. Use floating license keys available in a network

For detailed information on installing license keys, refer to the online help for the Automation License Manager. To access this help, press F1 or select the Help > Help on License Manager menu command.

Notes In Windows 2000/XP, license keys authorization will only be operational if they are if it is installed on a local hard disk and have write-access status. Floating licenses can also be used within a network ("remote" use).

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Installation

2.1.3

Guidelines for Handling License Keys

Caution Please note the information on handling license keys that is available in the online help and the Readme.wri on the Automation License Manager. If you do not follow these guidelines, the license keys may be irretrievably lost.

To access online help for the Automation License Manager, press F1 for contextsensitive help or select the Help > Help on License Manager menu command. This help section contains all the information you need on the function and handling of license keys.

2.2
2.2.1

Installation
Installing S7-GRAPH
S7-GRAPH contains a Setup program that installs the package automatically. Prompts on the screen guide you step by step through the entire installation. The Setup program is started as usual when installing software in Windows.

Requirements for Installation

Microsoft Windows 2000/XP as the operating system SIMATIC STEP 7 standard package (for the required version, refer to the Readme.wri file). PC or programming device equipped as explained in the readme file

A programming device (PG) is a personal computer designed specifically for use in an industrial environment. It is fully equipped for programming SIMATIC programmable controllers. Disk space: For the space required on your hard disk, refer to the "Readme". MPI interface (optional): You only require the MPI interface between the programming device or PC) and PLC if you want to communicate with the PLC via MPI. For this connection you require either: a PC/MPI cable connected to the communications port of your device or an MPI board installed in your device.
-

External Prommer (optional): An external prommer is only required when you want to blow EPROMs using your PC.
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An MPI port is integrated in some programming devices.

Installation

2.2.2

Starting the Installation Program

Preparations for Installation

Before you start the installation, Windows must first be started. To install from CD-ROM, insert the CD-ROM in the CD-ROM drive of your PC.

Starting the Installation Program

To install the software: 1. In Windows, open the dialog for installing/uninstalling programs by doubleclicking the "Add/Remove Programs" icon in the "Control Panel". 2. Follow the instructions for installing the program step by step. The program guides you step by step through the installation. You can move on to the next step or back to the previous step. During installation, you will be prompted to answer questions and to select options. Please read the following notes so that you have the information you require for these dialog boxes.

If you already have a version of S7-GRAPH installed ...

If the installation program detects an S7-GRAPH installation on your programming device/PC, a message is displayed and you then have the following options: Cancel the installation (you can then uninstall the old S7-GRAPH version under Windows and then start the new installation again) or Continue the installation and overwrite the old version with the new version.

In the interests of "clean" data management, you should uninstall an older installation before installing the new version. Simply overwriting an older version also has the disadvantage that when you later uninstall the program, existing parts of the older installation will not be removed.

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Installation

2.2.3

Notes on Installation

Installing License Keys

During setup, the program checks to see whether a corresponding license key is installed on the hard disk. If no valid license key is found, a message stating that the software can be used only with a license key is displayed. If you want, you can install the license key immediately or continue setup and then install the key later. If you want to install the license key now, insert the authorization diskette when prompted to do so.

Errors During Installation

The following errors lead to the installation being canceled: If an initialization error occurs immediately after starting Setup, the most probable reason is that Setup was not started under Windows. Not enough space on the disk: You must have enough space on your hard disk for the type of installation you have selected (see readme). Defective CD/diskette: If you discover that a CD/diskette is defective, please contact your Siemens distributor or sales office. If you make a mistake: Start the installation again and follow the instructions carefully.

Completion of the installation ...

Successful installation is indicated by a message on the screen. If changes were made to DOS files during installation, you will be prompted to restart Windows. Following the restart, you can also start S7-GRAPH. Otherwise, you can start S7-GRAPH immediately after the setup.

2.2.4

Uninstalling S7-GRAPH
To uninstall the software, use the usual method under Windows: 1. Under Windows, open the dialog for installing/uninstalling programs by doubleclicking the "Add/Remove Programs" icon in the "Control Panel". 2. Select the S7-GRAPH entry in the list of installed programs. Click the "Add/Remove" button to uninstall the program. If the "Remove Released File" dialogs appear, click the "No" button if you are unsure whether you want to remove the file or not.

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

Welcome to the S7-GRAPH Beginner's Example

If you take an hour to work through the beginner's example, you will learn how to create a sequential control system for automating the drill as described below.

You first learn how to configure a sequential control system efficiently and will then be guided step by step through the tasks you need to perform in the SIMATIC Manager and in S7-GRAPH so that you can create the sequential control system, download it to the CPU and test it.

The correctly programmed sample is supplied with S7-GRAPH as a project called "ZEn02_01_S7GRAPH_Drill".

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

Requirements
To allow you to program and test the "drill" example, you require the following hardware and software: Programming device/PC with STEP 7 standard package and the S7-GRAPH optional package MPI connection to the programmable logic controller
-

A programmable logic controller (in our example an S7-300) consisting of the following: standard rail, 24V power supply, CPU 314, and a digital input/output module (8DI + 8DO) As an alternative to the PLC: The "PLC Simulation" S7 optional package

Procedure for Creating a Sequential Control System

The flow diagram illustrates the procedure for creating the sequential control system for the drill example:

3-2

Specify structure of sequencer and define signals for system

Create drill project in the SIMATIC Manager

yes Symbolic programming Create symbol table no

Create sequencer: create and open S7 Graph FB1 in the SIMATIC Manager Program sequencer Program OB1 with FB1 call and corresponding instance DB (DB1)

Download sample program (DB1, FB1, OB1) to the CPU in the SIMATIC Manager and test the sequencer

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3.1
Task

Technological Task and Functional Diagram

You want to program a sequential control system to automate a drill. The setup of the drill is shown by a technological drawing and the process sequence in the form of a function diagram.

Technological Drawing - Set Up of the Drill

The drill consists of the following elements: Drill motor with feedback signals for drill running/stopped Start button and coolant switch Cooling pump with feedback signal for coolant pressure reached Clamping device with feedback signal for selected clamp pressure reached Carriage raise/lower drill with limit switches for drill up/down

Carriage Drill motor

Lower drill

Raise drill Drill motor on Feedback signal: - Drill running - Drill stopped

Limit switch: Drill up

Cooling pump on Feedback signal Coolant pressure reached

Limit switch: Drill down

Cooling pump

Clamp device
Feedback signal: Selected clamping pressure reached

Start button Coolant switch

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Initial State
The initial state of the drill is defined as follows: The drill motor and cooling pump are stopped The carriage/drill is in the upper position There is no work piece in the clamping device

Functional Diagram - Drilling Sequence

The entire drilling sequence can be divided into the following sections: Insert work piece (manual) If required, set switch for coolant (depending on the material) Start the machine with the start button (drill motor starts up) Clamp the work piece with the selected clamp pressure Start the cooling pump (if coolant selected) Lower drill and carriage to the bottom target position (drill) Wait 0.5 seconds at lower target position (drill) Raise drill with carriage to upper target position Remove work piece, turn off drill motor and cooling pump Remove work piece (manual) Element Start Clamping On device Off Motor running stopped up Carriage down State

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3.2

Selecting the Structure of the Sequencer

Before you create the program for the sequencer, you should include a concept phase in which you break down the drilling operation into single steps. The basis of the concept design is the technological drawing and the flowchart.

Dividing the Drilling Process into Individual Steps - Structure of the Sequencer
The drilling process is described by S7-GRAPH in the form of a sequencer. A sequencer represents a sequence of single steps and conditions that control how the process moves on to the next single step. To specify the structure of the sequencer, follow the steps outlined below: 1. Break down the drilling process into steps and specify the order of the steps (for example "step S2 follows S1" or "step S3 follows either step S4 or S7"). 2. For each step, specify the actions that must be performed in the step (for example in S1 the action "Drill ready" or in S3 the action "Turn on drill motor"). 3. Then decide for every step which conditions must be met so that the process can move on to the next step (for example for T1 the condition "Drill started start button pressed" or for T5 the condition "Drill in upper position").
T6 S1
Drill program started (start button pressed) Monitor clamping Work piece clamped with selected pressure Drill ready (initial step)

T1 S2 T2 S3
Turn on drill motor Clamp work piece

Drill motor running at selected speed (without coolant)

T3 T7 S7 T8 S4
Turn on cooling pump

Drill motor running at selected speed (with coolant)

Coolant pressure reached

Lower drill (start drilling)

Drill in lower position

T4 S5
Raise drill

Drill in upper position

T5 S6
Release work piece, turn off drill motor and cooling pump

Work piece is released, cooling pump stopped, drill motor stopped Waiting time 500 ms

T6 S1

S = step T = transition

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3.3

Defining the System Signals

Once you have broken down the drilling operation into individual steps, you should then define the input and output parameters for each step. The basis of the concept design is the technological drawing and the flowchart.

Defining Inputs and Outputs

List the inputs and outputs for the drill in the form of a table. If you want to program symbolically, enter the required symbolic names (for example input I 0.4 "Cl_press_ok") for the absolute inputs and outputs and any comments that will make the program easier to understand (for example "Workpiece clamping pressure reached"). In the drill example, it is assumed that the switches and contactors of the drill are controlled via the inputs and outputs of the digital input/output module of the S7-300 programmable controller. The input/output module has 8 inputs and 8 outputs. The default values of the input and output addresses of the module inserted in slot 4 are as follows: I 0 to I 0.7 and Q =0.0 to Q 0.7.
Absolute Addresses Inputs I 0.0 I 0.1 I 0.2 I 0.3 I 0.4 I 0.5 I 0.6 I 0.7 Outputs Q 0.0 Q 0.1 Q 0.2 Q 0.3 Q 0.4 Symbolic addresses in the program (I) Dr_mot_running Dr_mot_stopped Drill_down Drill_up Cl_press_ok Coolant_sel Cool_press_ok Start_button in the program (Q) Dr_mot_on Cool_pump_on Lower_drill Raise_drill Clamp_workp Turn on drill motor Turn on cooling pump (dependent on work piece) Lower drill and carriage to bottom limit position Raise drill and carriage to the upper limit position Clamp work piece at required pressure Feedback signal for drill running at selected speed Feedback signal for drill stopped Limit switch for drill in lower position Limit switch for drill in upper position Feedback signal for work piece clamping pressure reached Selector for coolant (dependent on work piece) Feedback signal for coolant pressure reached Start button of the drill Explanation

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

3.4

Creating the Drill Project in the SIMATIC Manager

Creating a Project
Projects for sequential control systems do not differ from other projects in STEP 7. To create a new project in the SIMATIC Manager, follow the steps outlined below: 1. Select the menu command File > New. 2. Name the project "Drill".

Inserting an S7 Program
In this example, hardware configuration is unnecessary since the default addressing of the input/output module in slot 4 is used. You can therefore immediately insert an S7 program in the project folder in the SIMATIC Manager. The S7 program serves as a folder for the blocks of the user program, the source files and the symbols. Follow the steps below: 1. Select the "Drill" project. 2. Select the menu command Insert > Program > S7 Program. 3. Name the S7 program "Drill Program". The folders for source files, blocks, and symbols are created automatically when you insert an S7 program. An empty OB1 is also created in the Blocks folder.

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3.5

Creating a Symbol Table

When you program in STEP 7, you work with addresses such as I/O signals, memory bits, counters, timers, data blocks, and function blocks. You can access these addresses in your program in absolute format (for example I1.1, M2.0, FB21). You will find the program much clearer and easier to read if you use symbols (for example Motor_A_on) instead of the absolute addresses. To allow the use of symbols, you can enter a name, the absolute address, the data type and a comment for every address used. Once you have defined a symbol, it can be used throughout the entire user program of a programmable module.

Creating a Symbol Table

If you want to write your program using symbolic addresses, it is advisable to create the symbol table at this point. 1. Open the symbol table in the "Drill Program" folder by double-clicking "Symbols". 2. Edit the table as shown below. 3. Save the symbol table using the menu command Table > Save. The entries 1 to 14 are required for symbolic representation of the inputs and outputs. The entries 15 to 18 allow symbolic representation of the blocks.

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3.6

Creating an S7-GRAPH FB and Programming a Sequencer

Creating an S7-GRAPH FB
The S7-GRAPH FB will contain the sequencer. To create an S7-GRAPH FB, follow the steps outlined below: 1. Open the "Blocks" folder in "Drill Program" in the SIMATIC Manager. 2. Select the menu command Insert > S7 Block > Function Block. 3. Set "S7-GRAPH" as the language in the "Properties" dialog box. Result: The empty FB with the default number 1 is created in the "Blocks" folder.

Programming a Sequencer
After you have started the S7-GRAPH editor by double-clicking FB1 the system inserts the first step (initial step) and the first transition. It is advisable to create the structure at the "Sequencer" display level. To display conditions and actions, activate the View > Display With > Conditions and Actions menu command. Using the mouse and the "Sequencer" toolbar at the left-hand edge of the screen, you can then position all the remaining steps and transitions, the alternative branch and the jump from the end of the sequencer to the start of the sequencer. There are two ways of doing this and both are illustrated here.

Method 1: "Direct" Mode

1. Select transition 1 and click with the mouse until the icon insert step + transition until you arrive at step/transition 6. 2. Select step 3 and then select the icon open alternative branch. This opens the alternative branch for supplying coolant. The branch begins with transition 7. 3. With the mouse, select the icon insert step + transition, and insert step 7 (S7) and transition 8 (T8). 4. Select the icon close alternative branch and then select transition 3. 5. Now complete the sequencer structure by first selecting transition 6 and then clicking on the icon insert jump and then selecting step 1.

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

Method 2: "Drag-and-Drop"
1. Return to the SIMATIC Manager and create function block FB2 in the "Blocks" folder as described above. Once again select "GRAPH" as the source language. 2. Start the S7-GRAPH editor by double-clicking FB2 in the "Blocks" folder. 3. Select the menu command Insert > Drag-and-Drop. 4. With the mouse, select the icon insert step + transition and then click on the last transition of the individual elements until you arrive at step/transition 6. 5. Select the icon open alternative branch and open the alternative branch for the coolant by clicking on step 3. The branch begins with transition 7. 6. With the mouse, select the icon insert step + transition, to insert step 7 (S7) and transition 8 (T8). 7. Select the icon close alternative branch and first select transition 8 and then transition 3. 8. Now complete the sequencer structure with insert jump by first selecting transition 6 and then step 1.

Note Close fFB2 before you start to program step actions.. You only created this FB to try out the second method of creating a sequencer structure. When you close the FB, answer all prompts with "No". For the rest of the exercise, you will be working in FB1.

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

3.7

Programming Step Actions

There are also two methods available for programming step actions and transitions: Direct and Drag-and-Drop. The procedure described below assumes you have selected the menu command Insert > Drag-and-Drop: 1. Select the menu command Insert > Action. Result: The mouse pointer then appears as shown below:

2. Insert an empty action line by clicking the action box. 3. Enter the actions. An action consists of an instruction and an address. For the drill program, four different instructions are necessary in the steps: S R Set output Reset output

N Non holding: As long as the step is active, the signal state of the address is 1. D Delay: The address is set to 1 after the defined time has elapsed following activation of the step and is reset when the step is deactivated.

3.8

Programming Transitions
The bit logic instructions "normally open contact", "normally closed contact" and "comparator" are used for the step enabling conditions in the transitions. To program transitions: 1. Set the "LAD" view and select the appropriate icons in the "LAD/FBD" toolbar insert normally-open contact insert normally-closed contact insert comparator 2. Position the symbols at the appropriate points by clicking the transition lines. You can exit the insert mode at any time with the ESC key. 3. Enter the addresses. Click the placeholder "??.?" of the required text field. Then enter an absolute or symbolic address (for example I 0.7, "Start_switch"). 4. If you wish, you can also enter a comment for the sequencer. In the "sequencer" view, the comment field is at the top left and can be opened by clicking it with the mouse.

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

The following figure shows the completed sequencer.

GRAPH: Programming s7 Sequential Control Systems - Drill\...
File Edit Insert PLC Debug View Options Window Help

Drill T6 "Start_but ton" S1 Dr... T1 Trans1 S2 Cla... T2 Trans2 Drill_ready

Clamp_pres s ok" _

Clamp_on S "Clamp_workp"

S3 Mo... "Drill_moto "Coolant_ r_running" sel" "Drill_moto "Coolant_ r_running " sel" T7 Trans7 S7 Coo... "Cool_pres s _ok" T8 Trans8

Motor_on S "Dr_mot_on"

T3 Trans3

Coolant_on S "Cool_pump_on"

"Drill_d own"

S4 Low... T4 Trans4 S5 Rai...

Lower_drill N "Lower_drill""

"Drill_up" T5 Trans5 S6 Cla... T6 Trans6 S1

Raise_drill D "Raise_drill"" T#500MS

"Cl_press "Drill_mot "Cool_press _ok" r_stopped _ok" o " CMP Term_M_pump_off.T >= T#500MS

Term_M_pump_off R ""Clamp_workp" R "Dr_mot_on" R "Cool_pump_on"

When programming comparators, you can use the system information for steps as the addresses. The addresses have the following significance: Step_name.T: current or last activation time of the step Step_name.U: current or last activation time of the step without the time of a disturbance

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

3.9

Programming Monitoring Functions

To program monitoring functions: 1. Double-click on step 2 to change from the "sequencer" view to the "single step " view. 2. Select the icon insert comparator in the "LAD/FBD" toolbar 3. Position the comparator at the appropriate point on the supervision line and enter the required monitoring time.

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

3.10

Specifying the Standard Function Block

Executability of the S7-GRAPH FB

S7-GRAPH has two options available for creating FBs. Full code: The entire code required to execute each S7-GRAPH FB is included in the FB. If you have several S7-GRAPH FBs, this means a considerable increase in memory requirements. Standard FC required: To reduce memory requirements, S7-GRAPH has the two following alternatives: You use a standard FC containing the main code sections for all FBs. This FC is copied to your project automatically when you select this option. The FBs produced using this method are considerably smaller.

For this example, use the compilation option "Full code". The most suitable FC depends on the performance of your CPU. Select one of the following standard FCs:
FC Number FC72 FC70/FC71 Functionality As default, you work with FC72. Remember, that your CPU must be capable of processing blocks with more than 8 Kbytes. These two FCs are less than 8 Kbytes in size and can therefore be loaded on a smaller CPU. FC70 uses the diagnostic functionality of SFC17/18 and can only be used on CPUs that have these functions available. If your CPU does not have these functions, you must use FC71 and do without diagnostic capability. If you want to check whether or not your CPU contains these SFCs, select the menu command PLC > Obtainable Nodes in the SIMATIC Manager or click the corresponding button in the toolbar. Open the "Blocks" folder in the S7 program. FC73 This block requires less than 8 Kbytes of memory so that it can be executed on all CPUs. Using this FC considerably reduces the memory requirements of the S7-GRAPH FBs. You must also select the option "Interface Description: Memory minimized" in the block settings. The following restrictions, do, however, apply: The blocks created do not have diagnostic capability When you monitor the sequential control system, you will see the status display only for the selected active element.

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

Setting the Executability

Select the menu command Options > Block Settings and specify that the S7-GRAPH FB can be executed with a standard FC in the Compile/Save tab. Enter the FC number that matches the performance of your CPU. The block is automatically copied to the user project if you select FC70/71, FC72 or FC73 as the block number and there is not yet an FC with this number in the target project. If you want to use a different number for the standard block, you must copy and renumber yourself.

3.11

Saving and Closing the Sequencer

When you save the sequencer, it is automatically compiled. 1. Select the menu command File > Save. Result: The "Select Instance DB" dialog box is opened with the default instance DB (DB1). 2. Accept the settings by clicking "OK". Result: The instance data block is automatically created in the "Blocks" folder.

Note The warning "S1 without content" in the compiler log simply means that no action is programmed in step 1.

3. To close the sequencer, select the menu command File > Close.

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

3.12

Including the Sequencer in the STEP 7 Program

Programming OB1
The sequential control program for the drill is called and started in organization block OB1. You can create OB1 in LAD, FBD, STL or SCL (here it was created in LAD). Program OB1 as shown in the following diagram. Follow the steps below: 1. Open the "Blocks" folder in the "Drill Program" S7 program in the SIMATIC Manager. 2. Start the LAD/STL/FBD editor by double-clicking OB1. 3. With the menu command View, select the programming language LAD. 4. Select segment 1 and insert the sequencer call using the program element catalog by double-clicking FB1 (Seq_drill). 5. Type in the name of the corresponding instance data block (IDB_Seq_drill) above the LAD box. 6. Select the input parameter INIT_SQ, insert a normally open element using the "LAD" toolbar and label it M0.0 ("INIT_SQ"). Using this parameter, you can set the sequencer to the initial step (in the example step 1) in the online mode. 7. Select the menu command File > Save and close the organization block with the menu command File > Close.

Note All other block parameters can be ignored for the example.

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

3.13

Downloading the Program to the CPU and Testing the Sequencer

Downloading the User Program

To allow you to download the program to the CPU, you must download all the blocks (DB1, FB1, OB1, FC70/71, FC72 and/or. FC73) to the CPU of the programmable controller in the SIMATIC Manager. Follow the steps outlined below: 1. Open the "Drill Program" S7 program in the SIMATIC Manager and select the "Blocks" folder. 2. Select the menu command PLC > Download.

Caution It is best to download the S7-GRAPH block in the STOP mode since following downloading of the instance DB, the sequencer is automatically set to the initial state. You should only download S7-GRAPH blocks in the RUN-P mode when the sequencer is in the initial state or in the OFF state. If you download the blocks the sequencer in a different state, for example when overwriting an old block, problems may occur in the synchronization of the sequencer with the process.

Testing the User Program

To test the user program, you require an online connection to a CPU. 1. Open the project window in the SIMATIC Manager. 2. Open the sequencer by double-clicking FB1. 3. Select the menu command Debug > Monitor. Result: The program status is displayed (the initial step is active). Active steps are displayed in color.

Caution A monitoring time is programmed in step 2. If the step activation time exceeds the configured monitoring time (500 ms) in the supervision condition, the system recognizes a supervision error and the disturbed step is displayed in red. If a fault occurs, you must first satisfy the condition for progressing to the next transition. Using the PG function Debug > Control Sequencer you can then enter an acknowledgment (see also "Control Sequencer"). This does not apply to the inching mode, since the step enabling condition must be satisfied and the acknowledgment received within one cycle.

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3.14

Test Function: Control Sequencer

Control Sequencer is a test function with which you can test the sequencer in S7-GRAPH in all modes. All the settings and entries for the dialog box have the same effect as the corresponding FB parameters. The entries in the "Control Sequencer" dialog box can be different from the settings you used to compile the sequencers. The dialog box settings have priority.

"Control Sequencer" Dialog box

The "Control Sequencer" dialog box is used both as an output field that displays the current settings and as an input field in which you can change the current status. If you acknowledge an error, initialize the sequencer, or want to change the step in the manual mode, call the dialog box with the menu command Debug > Control Sequencer.

Acknowledge
If the "Acknowledge errors" option is clicked, you acknowledge a pending error message with the "Acknowledge" button. In this way, you can acknowledge a disturbance caused, for example, by the configured monitoring time in Step 2 being exceeded. Note, however, that before you acknowledge the error you must make sure that the supervision or interlock conditions that led to the error are no longer satisfied. After an error has occurred, you can enable the next step in the sequencer by satisfying the step enable condition because the last step enable condition in the cycle in which you acknowledge has priority over the supervision. You must nevertheless acknowledge the error. If the error was caused because the undisturbed activation time stepname.U has exceeded the configured monitoring time, you can move on the sequencer by clicking the "Acknowledge" button. This is possible because the Step name.U variable is set to "0" when you acknowledge.

Initialize
With the "Initialize" button, you can restart the sequencer completely with the defined initial step.

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Designing a Sequential Control System Based on the Example of a Drill

Setting the Mode

Checkmark on the check boxes to set the corresponding selected mode for the sequencer You can, for example, run your sequencer in the manual mode instead of the automatic mode. In the manual mode, you can activate or deactivate any step. Follow the steps outlined below: 1. Enter the step number of the step you want to process in the "Step number" box or simply click the required step. 2. Select the action to be executed with the step: Activate The selected step is activated even if the preceding transition is not satisfied. Deactivate The selected step is deactivated.
-

Note that before you activate a step you must first deactivate the currently active step since only one step can be active at any one time in a linear sequencer. In other words, you can only activate the required step when you have deactivated the currently active step. If you have set a new mode, the original mode is indicated in bold face. After you have controlled your sequencer in the manual mode, you can return to the automatic mode and close the "Control Sequencer" dialog box.

3.15

Modifying the Sequencer

Often, a program does not run as required at the first attempt. This means that changes and modifications are required. This is also the case in our sample program. The configured watchdog time in Step 2 is too short and the program hangs at this step. The following section explains how to make the required changes. You must first change to the "offline" mode.

Modifying the Watchdog Time

The watchdog time configured in Step 2 is 500 ms. To give you more time for setting the "Cl_press_ok" variable, change the watchdog time to 5 s as explained below: 1. Double-click on step 2 to change from the "sequencer" view to the "single step " view. 2. Close the status by selecting the menu command Debug > Monitor or clicking the following button: .

3. Enter the value 5 s for the monitoring time. 4. Save the sequencer with the menu command File > Save, since the sequencer must be recompiled.

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Downloading the Modified Sequencer

Once you have compiled the sequencer, you must download it to the CPU. You can download the sequencer in the SIMATIC Manager or in the S7-GRAPH editor. In the S7-GRAPH editor, follow the steps outlined below: 1. With the FB open, select the menu command PLC > Download or click on the Download button . The "Download" dialog box is opened.

2. Accept the defaults by clicking "OK". 3. Confirm the prompt to overwrite the existing blocks.

Include Instance DB
If you have not cleared the system default "Include Instance DB", S7-GRAPH checks whether the instance DB has changed since it was last downloaded and whether it must be updated. The option "Download with Instance DB" is enabled in the "Download" dialog box. Otherwise, S7-GRAPH does not check the instance DB and leaves you to decide whether or not to download the instance DB again. The option "Download with Instance DB" is not clicked in the "Download" dialog box.

Restarting the Status

To be able to monitor or control the sequencer again, restart Status by selecting the menu command Debug > Monitor or by selecting the Monitor button.

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Working with an S7-GRAPH

4.1

Starting S7-GRAPH

Requirements for Running S7-GRAPH

The STEP 7 standard package is installed on your PC/programming device. S7-GRAPH is installed on your PC/programming device. You have installed the authorization for S7-GRAPH.

Starting S7-GRAPH
There are two ways of starting S7-GRAPH: Startup under Windows: Start S7-GRAPH by via the Windows "Start" button on the taskbar. S7-GRAPH is found under Simatic > STEP 7 > S7-GRAPH - Programming Sequential Control Systems. Startup via SIMATIC Manager In the SIMATIC Manager, double-click an S7-GRAPH FB or an S7-GRAPH source file. S7-GRAPH opens and displays the selected block in the default view.

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4.2

The S7-GRAPH User Interface

Elements of the S7-GRAPH User Interface

The user interface is split into three sections: The working area (2) shows the sequencer to be edited. Here you can define the structure of sequencers or you can program individual actions and conditions. The overview window (5) provides an overview of the global structure of the sequential control, of block parameters and variables, as well as of the environment of the function block in the S7 program. The detail window (6) provides specific information you require during specific phases of programming, e.g. compiler messages or information on address instances.

These sections describe the elements of the user interface numbered in the figure. (1) Toolbars (2) Work area (3) Menu bar (4) Title bar (5) Overview window (6) Detail Window (7) Status bar

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Toolbars
The toolbars contain buttons with which you can start frequently required and currently available menu commands. The names of the toolbars in S7-GRAPH are visible when the toolbars are positioned within the main window.
Name Standard View Sequencer LAD/FBD Content Contains functions for handling files (opening, saving etc.) and for editing (copying, pasting etc.). Contains symbols for selecting various views (for example how S7-GRAPH FBs are displayed, display of symbolic names etc.). Contains buttons for editing the sequencer (for example inserting a step transition pair). Contains buttons for inserting Ladder Logic/FBD elements (for example comparator).

Working Area
The working area is a window within S7-GRAPH in which the sequences of an S7-GRAPH FB or an S7-GRAPH source file are displayed and can be edited. Within the main window of S7-GRAPH, you can open several at the same time. You can cascade, tile or overlap these windows.

Menu Bar
Just like other Windows applications, S7-GRAPH has a menu bar below the title bar of the main window. The display of the menu commands is context-sensitive. The menu commands are either active (black) or inactive (gray) depending on whether or not the command can be applied to the currently selected object.

Title Bar
The title bar at the upper edge of a window contains the standard Windows buttons and the following information: Title of the software Number of the open FB and DB or name and number of the open source Displayed element Path of the block or source

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Overview Window
This window is snapped to the left edge of the working window by default. However, you can also snap it to the right, upper or lower edge of the window. This window contains three tabs:

"Graphics" Tab

These tabs display the individual sequencers and permanent operations in textual form. If required, If required, you can expand these to show more graphical detail, e.g. the structure of a sequence or specific operations. Here you can copy, cut, past or delete complete sequences or elements of such. An element of the sequencer's structure you select from the "Graphics" tab will be displayed for editing in the working window.

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"Sequences" Tab

This tab displays all sequencers in a well arranged tiled view. This kind of display is especially useful for the status view. Here, too, you can select an element of the sequencer for editing in the working window. In the actual "Sequences" tab you can not edit sequencers.

"Variables" Tab

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Displays the variable declaration with the IN, OUT, IN_OUT, STAT and TEMP segments and further program elements: Symbols from the symbol table, preprogrammed blocks from the block folder and blocks from libraries. A further folder displays the steps and transitions - including their components - of the S7-GRAPH function block which you can use as addresses in the program. In this tab, you can modify existing parameter sets, system parameters can be deleted but cannot be edited. It is also possible to extend your own parameters. If you want to use a parameter or a program element in the sequencer, you can drag it from the variable declaration window to the sequencer using the mouse and position it at the required location. Changes you have made to the parameters in the variable declaration window are automatically updated in the sequencer so that no inconsistencies can result. With the F1 key, detailed help is available on declaring variables in the variable declaration window. For more detailed information on the declared variables and program elements, refer to the "Details" window (Variables tab). You can open this window with the menu command View > Details.

"Details" Window
The "Details" window is displayed at the bottom edge of the screen and includes the following tabs:

Compile / Decompile Messages

The tab is used to display errors and warnings that occur for example after compiling the sequencer.

Variables
The content of this tab depends on the selection you made in the "Variables" tab of the overview window. Here you can view detailed information on: Variables Symbols from the symbol table Programmed blocks from the block folder Blocks from libraries Steps and transitions of the S7-GRAPH FB

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In this tab, you can declare new variables with the menu command Insert > Declaration Line. If you want to use a variable, block parameter or a program element in the sequencer, you can drag it from the variable declaration window to the sequencer using the mouse and position it at the required location.

Addresses
This tab contains a list of the addresses used in the block with their locations, symbols, and data types. During monitoring, the tab displays a further column when "Single Step" or "Permanent Instructions" is set displaying the current status value of the address during program execution. Whether or not this is displayed depends on the setting for the working area.
Setting for the Working Area Sequencer Single step display Permanent operations Displayed Addresses Addresses in the program Addresses of the step and corresponding transition Addresses used in the permanent operation

Forward Cross-references
Shows the use of addresses in the memory areas Q, M, T, and C within the user program. The up references tab displays all the addresses supplied with values in the current block and evaluated at other points in the program.

Backward Cross-references
The down references tab displays all the addresses supplied with the values of other locations in the program and evaluated in the current block.

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Status Bar
The status bar is at the bottom edge of the main window of S7-GRAPH. By selecting the menu command View > Status Bar, you can display or hide the status bar. In the left half of the status bar you will see brief information about the selected menu command. The right-hand side of the status bar contains the following information: The following symbols identify the various connection and operating states:
Symbol Display offline Description You are editing a block stored on the PG/PC. With S7-300 and S7-400 S7-300 and S7-400 S7-300

DISCONNECTE The PLC connection is offline. D

CONNECTED

You are editing a block that is located on a PLC (SIMATIC S7).

RUN/RUN-P STOP HALT FRCE

Module status Module status Module status A force job is busy.

S7-400 S7-400

S7-400

The following displays are shown on a colored background in the status bar:
Display FRCE STOP HALT Disconnected RUN/RUN-P with "Sequence Control" and "Enable Monitoring" Color Yellow Red Yellow White Green scroll bar with indication: "AUTO", for automatic mode "MAN", for manual mode "TAP", for jog mode "TOP", for automatic mode or switching to the next step

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Group Error
A red bar indicates that an group error has occurred.

Abs/Sym
The address priority set in the properties of the block folder. The address priority specifies whether the absolute addresses or the symbols are valid if changes are made in the symbol table.

Ins/OVR/Rd
Insert/Overwrite Editing mode for input Read The block/source is read-only.

Chg/Chg. Interface
Indicates that the block has been changed and whether the change involves the interface.

4.3

Settings for the Work Area

S7-GRAPH offers various display modes and settings that allow you to customize the working area and the user interface, . Some of these settings are saved along with the block you are editing. S7-GRAPH supports you with different display levels that you can select with the View menu: Sequencer Single-Step Display Permanent Instructions

Sequencer

In the "Sequencer" view, one of the sequencers contained in the FB is displayed. If several sequencers exist, you can change from one to the other by selecting the "Graphic" tab in the overview window. This display level can be used to configure the sequencers. At this level, you can specify the structure of the sequencers and select the numbers, names and comments for steps and transitions. You can call menu command View > Display With > Conditions and Actions to display the contents of the configured steps and transitions.

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The following elements are displayed: The block comment The layout of the steps, transitions, and branches As an option, you can display the contents of the steps and transitions Depending on the zoom factor, step and transition names are displayed

Single-Step Display

The single-step level always shows only one step-transition pair. All details can be programmed at this display level, as follows: Action: Actions executed within the step Supervision: Conditions for monitoring the displayed step Interlock: Conditions for interlocking the displayed step Transition: Conditions for switching from the current step to the next step comments Numbers and names of the displayed step / transition pair Name extensions. List of the symbolic addresses

Note You can use menu command Edit > Go To to display a different step without having to move to a different view. Use the cursor keys to change to the next or previous step.

Permanent Instructions

At the permanent instructions display level, you can program the following: Permanent instructions before the sequencer Permanent instructions after the sequencer

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Setting a Display Level

To set a display level: 1. Open the View menu. 2. Select the display level suitable for the current task: Sequencer for structuring the sequencer Single step to program individual steps and transitions. Permanent instructions for programming permanent conditions and permanent block calls

Default Display Level

An S7-GRAPH FB is always opened at the default display level. You select the default with the menu command Options > Application Settings in the "General" tab. Under "New Window", select the display level at which the S7-GRAPH FB will be opened.

4.4

Customizing a Display Level, Colors and Fonts

Customizing a Display Level

You can adapt the default display level to suit your purposes. S7-GRAPH provides the following options: Zoom in and zoom out Zoom factor for the current display Lasso functions for zooming Buttons for handling windows Displaying and hiding selected areas Setting a default display for certain areas

Zoom In and Zoom Out

Select the menu commands View > Zoom In or Zoom Out to change the size of the display.

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Specifying a Zoom Factor for the Current Display

You can adapt the size of the current display to suit its contents by selecting the menu command View > Zoom Factor. If you select a zoom factor that would make text too small to be legible, the step and transition names are no longer displayed and only the numbers of steps and transitions are visible. You can, nevertheless, display step and transition names by positioning the mouse pointer on the step or transition. If you want to avoid this, you can specify minimum zoom factors for the various views so that the display size never becomes illegible. You can also revert to the previous zoom factor at any time.

Lasso Functions for Zooming

To increase the size of a specific area, you can also use the lasso function. Select the menu command View > Enlarge Active Area. Then drag a rectangle round the area you want to zoom using the mouse. Now only the selected area is displayed in the S7-GRAPH work area.

Buttons for Handling Windows

S7-GRAPH provides you with a button for displaying and hiding the "Details" and "Overview" windows. This allows you to set your desktop to suit your requirements.

Displaying and Hiding Areas

Apart from displaying individual steps and transitions, S7-GRAPH provides further options in the working area. Select the required menu commands from the View menu: To display a comment field: View > Display With > Comments To display addresses in symbolic representation: View > Display With > Symbols To display conditions and actions: View > Display With > Conditions and Actions To display a list box for selecting addresses when editing actions: View > Display With > Symbol List

Default Display of Additional Elements

Additional elements can also be displayed as part of the default setting when a block is opened. You select the default with the menu command Options > Application Settings in the "General" tab. Select the displayed options to make the default setting: To display a block comment or a step comment: "Display With: Comments". To display addresses in symbolic representation: "Display With: Symbols". You can display conditions and actions with View > Display With > Conditions and Actions.

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Customizing Colors and Fonts

Graph 7 also allows you to customize the appearance of individual elements. These include the settings for color, font, lines, and LAD/FBD addresses.

Modifying the Settings

You can make all the required settings in the "Editor" tab. You can display this tab with the menu command Options > Application Settings. When you close the editor (when you quit the customize functions) any modifications you have made are saved.

Color
You can change the color of the following elements:
Element Selected element Step active/transition valid Step not active Error LAD/FBD satisfied Operator input error Create Mode Selected element Elements Inactive step Disturbed step Satisfied conditions in transition, supervision, interlock and permanent instructions Non-satisfied conditions in transitions, supervision, interlock, and permanent instructions Non-executed transitions, supervision conditions or interlocks Synchronization points Monitor Mode

LAD/FBD not satisfied

LAD/FBD not processed

Synchronization point

Font
You can change the font for the following elements:
Area Step/transition number Step/transition name LAD/FBD The extended name. Actions Comments Numbers of the steps/transitions Name of the steps/transitions LAD/FBD addresses Titles of the action tables Contents of the action tables Contents of the comment fields

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Lines
You can change the line style (thickness) for the following types of line:
Line Style Normal line Sensitive line The entry applies to all lines of the sequencers Line to which the currently selected Graph element can be appended.

LAD Addresses and Action Lines

You can decide the maximum number of characters permitted for an LAD/FBD address or an action line. You can limit the address to one line in the program view. Tip: If the LAD/FBD address or the action line is not displayed completely in a particular view, you can display the complete name as a tool tip by positioning the mouse pointer on the relevant address or action. You can also specify whether the LAD/FBD address is right-aligned and the actions left-aligned.

4.5
4.5.1

Tools for Editing the Sequencer

Display and Position of the Toolbars

Displaying and Hiding Toolbars

Select the menu command View > Toolbars. In the dialog box that is displayed, you can select the toolbars you want to be displayed.

Positioning the Toolbars

Toolbars can be positioned anywhere within the main window of S7-GRAPH. You can drag and drop them as required. 1. Click the gray area of the toolbar on which the buttons are arranged and hold down the mouse button. 2. Drag the toolbar with the mouse to the required position on the screen.

Display of the Buttons in Toolbars

The display of the buttons in the toolbars is context-sensitive. That is: Enabled buttons are displayed in black color. Disabled buttons are grayed out.

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4.5.2

Editing the Sequencer with the Toolbars

The way in which you edit a sequencer with the buttons of the toolbar is decided via the menu commands Insert > Drag-and-Drop or Insert > Direct. In the Drag-and-Drop editing mode, you drag an icon from the toolbar to the required position. In the Direct mode, you position an icon at the selected point.

"Drag and Drop" editing mode

When you are working in the "Drag and Drop" editing mode, you add icons as follows: 1. Click on a toolbar icon or select an element from the Insert menu. Result: The mouse pointer takes on the shape of the corresponding icon. 2. Now click the position at which you want to insert the element. If the mouse pointer takes the shape of a "prohibited" sign (circle with a diagonal bar), this indicates that the element cannot be inserted at the selected point. Each click inserts a further element. 3. After you have inserted all the required elements, click on the toolbar icon again or select the menu command from the Insert menu again to complete the action.

"Direct" Editing Mode

If you are in the "Direct" editing mode, you insert icons as follows: 1. Select the element after which you want to insert a new element. 2. Click on a toolbar button or select an element from the Insert menu. 3. To add further elements of the same type at the same position, click on the button again or select the menu command from the Insert menu again.

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4.5.3

Navigating in the Sequencer

To allow you to navigate in the sequencer, you can use not only the keys of the cursor pad but also the functions in the Edit > Go To menu. These functions make it easier to navigate through large sequencers and when debugging.

Displaying a Specific Step or Transition

With the menu command Edit > Go To > Step / Transition, you can jump to a specific step-transition pair. You can specify either the number or the name.

Search for Instances of an Address

You have several options of displaying the program instances of a selected address: The Go To > Instance function displays a table showing all instances of the selected address in the entire S7 program. The table contains information about the following: Block: Indicates the block in which the address is used Type: Indicates read (R) and/or write (W) access. Language/details: Information in the specific language
-

After you double-click on a global address, the S7 program performs a search for "opposing" address instances, that is, for write access addresses it tries to find instances of read access addresses and vice versa. The menu commands Go To > Previous local instance / Next local instance shows all instances of local addresses in the S7-GRAPH block.

Displaying the Next or Previous Error Location

If the message window displays a compilation error, call menu commands Edit > Go To > Next Error and Edit > Go To > Previous Error to jump to the error location. S7-GRAPH then jumps to the location of the error in the sequencer and displays the error message in the status bar.

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Creating a Project
This chapter explains how to create and open your project. The chapter also explains decision criteria for working with S7-GRAPH FBs or S7-GRAPH source files.

Steps in Creating a Project

All the information about a sequential control is gathered in a STEP 7 project.
Create the project in the SIMATIC Manager and insert your S7 program

Create an S7 Graph source file

Create an S7 Graph FB

Open the block to program the sequencer(s)

5.1

Creating the Project in the SIMATIC Manager

Before you can create your sequencers with S7-GRAPH, you must first create a project and then an S7 program for the same project. All blocks for the sequential control are saved to this folder.

Creating a New Project

Select menu command File > New in SIMATIC Manager to generate a new project file. As of V4x, STEP 7 provides an alternative in the form of a wizard that helps you to create the entire project structure. Select the method you prefer to create a project.

Implementation of an S7 Program in the Project

In SIMATIC Manager, create an S7 program via the menu command Insert > Program > S7 Program. The system automatically generates the folder hierarchy for the source files, blocks and for the symbol table. An empty OB1 is generated in the block folder.

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5.2

S7-GRAPH FB or S7-GRAPH Source File?

Before you start to create sequencers, you must first choose the type of block in which you want to program. You can create sequencers either in an S7-GRAPH FB or in an S7-GRAPH source file.

Deciding Between an S7-GRAPH FB and an S7-GRAPH Source File

When you save an FB, S7-GRAPH performs and implicit compilation of the block, that is, a syntax check on the sequencer you have created. Only error-free S7-GRAPH FBs can be saved and downloaded to the CPU. It is not possible to close an FB that contains errors. If you are unable to debug the program immediately, you can also save the S7-GRAPH FB as a source file or you can first create an S7-GRAPH FB source file instead of an S7-GRAPH FB. In contrast to the S7-GRAPH FB, you can save an S7-GRAPH source file containing errors at any time.

Note If you find that you cannot program a sequencer in one session, first save the data as an S7-GRAPH source file or create an S7-GRAPH source file in the first place.

5.3

S7-GRAPH FB
You can create an S7-GRAPH FB both in SIMATIC Manager or directly in S7-GRAPH, as follows: In S7-GRAPH, select menu command File > New to generate a new function block in the S7-GRAPH language. In the SIMATIC Manager, select menu command Insert > S7 Block > Function Block to generate a new function block. Here you also select the S7-GRAPH language.

Rules for Creating the S7-GRAPH FB

The S7-GRAPH FB is saved to the block folder. The following rules apply: You can program the sequencer with absolute and symbolic addresses. The FB is displayed depending on its storage locations: offline: The FB in the database on your PG is displayed, including the symbols and comments. online: The FB from the CPU is displayed, including the comments and symbols from the PG database (assuming that these exist offline). online without existing project structure: The FB from the CPU is displayed (view "Accessible Nodes" in the "Open" dialog box) like a STEP 7 FB, in other words without symbols and comments.
-

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5.4

S7-GRAPH Source File

You can create source files both in the SIMATIC Manager, S7-GRAPH or other editors and then import the to an S7 project. Note the description of the syntax.

Rules for Creating and Calling the S7-GRAPH Source File

The S7-GRAPH source file is saved to the "Sources" folder. The following rules apply: 1. Empty S7-GRAPH source files can also be created in the SIMATIC Manager or imported into the open project. 2. An S7-GRAPH source file can also be generated from an open S7-GRAPH FB. 3. Existing S7-GRAPH source files can be opened both in the SIMATIC Manager and in the S7-GRAPH editor. They are then displayed in the S7-GRAPH editor and can be edited. 4. Source files of a project can only be edited offline.

5.5

Opening an S7-GRAPH FB or an S7-GRAPH Source File

You can open an S7-GRAPH FB or an S7-GRAPH source file either in the SIMATIC Manager or in S7-GRAPH.

Note A new FB created in S7-GRAPH will be opened directly.

Opening in the SIMATIC Manager

In the SIMATIC Manager, proceed as follows: Select the required object in the block or source files folder and double-click to open it.

Opening in the S7-GRAPH Editor

In the S7-GRAPH editor, proceed as follows: 1. Select the menu command File > Open or click the corresponding button. 2. In the next dialog box, select the block or the source file you want to open. Decide whether you want to open a block offline on the PG or directly online at the CPU.

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Programming the Structure of a Sequencer

The section below explains the rules and elements for creating a sequencer.
OB/FB/FC FB i Comment for ... CALL FBi,Dbi SQ_INIT:= (1) DB i

(2) (3)

S1 T1 S2 T2

(4)

(5)

The heart of a sequential control system is made up of the S7-GRAPH FBs (1). These contain the following: The program for step by step execution of the controller in sequencers (4). Permanent instructions (3)(5) that are valid for all sequencers of the FB (and are displayed in a separate window) A block comment (2) with which you can describe the entire block.

How to Work with S7-GRAPH FBs

The order in which you perform the steps below is relatively unimportant. The order shown is simply a suggestion.
Step 1 2 3 4 Task Specify the structure of the sequencer with the S7-GRAPH elements Program the permanent instructions (optional) Add a comment about the S7-GRAPH FB in the field for the block comment (optional) Edit the steps and transitions created in point 1 individually

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6.1

Sequencer - Principle
A sequencer consists of a series of steps and transitions that are activated in a fixed order depending on the step enabling conditions.

How a Sequencer is Executed

A sequencer is always executed starting with an initial step or several initial steps located at any position in the sequencer

As long as the actions of a step are being executed, this step is active. If several steps are being executed at the same time, they are all active steps. An active step is exited when any active disturbances have been eliminated or confirmed and the transition following the step is satisfied.

The next step following the satisfied transition becomes active. At the end of a sequencer, there is a jump to any step in this sequencer or to another sequencer of the FB. This allows cyclic operation of the sequencer. a branch stop. The sequence of steps stops when the branch stop is reached.

Step
The control task is divided into single steps. Actions are formulated in the steps that are executed by the controller in a certain status (for example for controlling the outputs or activating and deactivating steps).

Active Step
An active step is a step whose actions are currently being executed. A step is activated, as follows: When the conditions of the previous transition are satisfied or When the step is defined as an initial step and the sequencer has been initialized or When it is called by an event-dependent action.

Note Avoid using a jump from a transition to an immediately preceding step. To make this jump statement possible, insert an empty step and transition without conditions.

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6.2

Structures of a Sequencer
The simplest structure of a sequencer is a linear sequence of steps and transitions without branches. A linear sequencer starts with a step and finishes with a transition that can be followed either by a jump to any step or by a branch stop. The linear sequence can be extended by the following: Branches (alternative branch, simultaneous branch), Jumps to any steps, Further sequencers operating either dependent on the first sequencer or completely independently. Permanent instructions located before or after the sequencer.

Examples of Structures of a Sequencer

(1) T4 S1 T1 S2 T2 S3 T3 S4 T4 S1 T1 S2 T2 S3 T3 S4 T4 S1 (1) S7 Graph FB with a linear sequencer (2) S7 Graph FB with a sequencer with an alternative and simultaneous (3) S7 Graph FB with two sequencers S6 T5 S5 T6 T1 S2 T2 S3 T3 S4 T4 S1 S7 S5 T6 S6 T7 T5 S8 T9 S9 T10 S10 T11 (2) T4 S1 (3) T11 S7 T8 T4

S1

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6.3

Rules for the Structure of a Sequencer

The structure of the sequencer must satisfy the following rules: An S7-GRAPH FB can contain up to 250 steps or 250 transitions. Steps and transitions can only be inserted as pairs. When the S7-GRAPH FB is called, the sequencers are started at the first step of the sequencer or at an initial step.
-

A branch can only be joined to a branch at the left of the branch that is to be closed. Jumps can be added following a transition at the end of a branch. These lead to a junction before a step in the same or in a different sequencer in the current FB. A sequencer stop can be added after a transition at the end of a branch and disables execution of this branch. Permanent instructions can be defined before or after the sequencer in the reserved field. These are called once in each cycle.

6.4

Elements of a Sequencer
The following list shows the elements that can make up a sequencer and the corresponding element buttons in the "Sequencer" toolbar with which you can create these elements: Step + Transition Jump Open Alternative Branch Close Alternative Branch Open Simultaneous Branch Close Simultaneous Branch Branch Stop Insert Sequencer You program the structure of the sequencer at the "Sequencer" display level.

6-4

A sequencer can contain a maximum of 256 branches with up to 125 alternative branches or up to 249 simultaneous branches.

It is not practical to generate more than 20 to 30 branches (depends on the CPU) due to their influence on program runtime.

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6.5

Step/Transition Pair and Initial Step

Step/Transition Pair
As default, the S7-GRAPH FB already contains one step/transition pair to which you can append further step/transition pairs. Steps and transitions can only be inserted in pairs in a sequencer. When you insert steps and transitions, they are automatically assigned a number. To ensure a better overview, you can renumber steps and transitions within a certain range later so that the numbering is consecutive.

Initial Step
The initial step is the step in a sequencer that becomes active without previously querying conditions when an S7-GRAPH FB is first called. The initial step is not necessarily the first step in a sequencer. When a sequencer is run through cyclically, this step (just like every other step) only becomes active when the conditions of the previous transition are satisfied. The sequencer is initialized by the FB parameter INIT_SQ = 1. In other words the sequencer starts with the initial step.

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6.6

Jump
A jump is the change from a transition to any step within the sequencer or within another sequencer in the same FB. A jump always follows a transition and closes the sequencer or the path of the branch at this point. In contrast to a branch stop, the jump has the effect of repeating the execution of the sequencer or parts of it. The jump (1) and the jump destination (2) are displayed graphically as an arrow but the connection itself is not visible.
T4 S1 T1 S2 T2 S3 S6 S8 T3 T8 S4 S9 T4
1 2

T8 T12 S9 T9 S7 S11 T7 T11 S12 T12 T14 S1 T10 S13 T13 S14

S5 T5

S1

Caution A jump to a simultaneous branch should be avoided.

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6.7

Alternative Branch
An alternative branch consists of two or more parallel sub branches (a maximum of 125). Each path in an alternative branch begins with a transition. Only the branch path whose transition switches first is executed. An alternative branch therefore corresponds to an OR operation in which only one path can be active. Each path in an alternative branch ends with a transition and can be closed by a branch stop or a jump.
T5 Tz S1 T1 S2 T2 S3 T3 S4 T4 S5 T5 Jump Jump T6 Sm Tm Sn Tn Tx Sy Ty Tx+1 Sz Tz T7 Sx

: Alternative sub-branch 1 : Alternative sub-branch 2 : Alternative sub-branch 3 with a

further alternative branch

Priorities in Alternative Branches

If several transitions are satisfied at the same time at the start of various branches, the transition located furthest left has the highest priority.

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Programming the Structure of a Sequencer

6.8

Simultaneous Branch
A simultaneous branch consists of more than one parallel path (a maximum of 249) each of which starts with a step. The path are executed simultaneously. A simultaneous branch corresponds to an AND branch. The transition before the simultaneous branch (in the figure T1 and T7) activates the first steps of the individual simultaneous branch paths. Every path in a simultaneous branch ends with a step and is completed by a successor transition. If more than one simultaneous branch path joins to a transition, this transition only enables the next step when all active simultaneous branch paths have been executed.
T5 S1 T1 S2 T2 S3 T3 Tx S4 T4 S5 T5 Sy S6 Tm Sm Sx Sz S7 T7
1 2 3

: Simultaneous sub-branch 1 : Simultaneous sub-branch 2 : Simultaneous sub-branch 3 with a further simultaneous branch

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Programming the Structure of a Sequencer

6.9

Branch Stop
A branch stop at the end of a linear sequencer (1) or at the end of a path of an alternative branch (2) terminates the sequencer. The sequencer is not executed cyclically. A branch stop at the end of a branch path of a simultaneous branch (3) terminates only this branch path. The execution of the other paths in the simultaneous branch continues. A branch stop always follows a transition.
1 2 3

T3 S1 T1

T3 S1 T1 S2 T2 S3 T3 S1 S3 T3 T6 S2 T2 S5 S1 T1 T4

S2 S4 T5 S3 T3 S1 T2

S4 T4 S5 T5

Caution If all the paths of a sequencer are completed with a branch stop, the sequencer can only be restarted by the parameter INIT_SQ.

6.10

New Sequencer
An S7-GRAPH FB can consist of several sequencers. Each sequencer can 1. be executed independent of the other sequencers and therefore at the same time. 2. be used with a jump to continue it or connect it as the branch of another sequencer. This allows you to represent technically complicated functions in one block providing you with a clearer structure for the program. In every sequencer, an initial step can identify the first active step.

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Programming the Structure of a Sequencer

6.11

Permanent Instructions
Permanent instructions are conditions (1) and block calls (2) located before or after the sequencer. These are executed once per scan cycle regardless of the state of the sequencer. You can program any number of permanent instructions in an S7-GRAPH FB. Each permanent instruction is assigned a number. You program permanent instructions in the "permanent instructions" view.
1 E2.3 E0.0 M2.0

(1)

E2.5

2 CALL (2)

Permanent Condition
Conditions that must be satisfied at more than one point in the sequencers can be programmed once centrally as permanent conditions. You can use the Ladder Logic elements: normally-open contact, normally-closed contact, and comparator or the FBD elements AND box, OR box, and comparator. A maximum of 32 Ladder Logic/FBD elements can be programmed per permanent condition. The result of combining the conditions is stored in a ladder coil or in an FBD assignment with which the functions set and reset are available. The address used (for example a memory bit) can be queried in a transition, interlock, and supervision.

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Programming the Structure of a Sequencer

Permanent Block Call

Blocks that were created in a programming language other than S7-GRAPH can be called using permanent block calls in an S7-GRAPH FB or action. After the called block has been executed, the execution of the S7-GRAPH FB is continued. When using a block call, note the following points: You can call the following blocks: Functions (FC) and function blocks (FB) programmed in STL, LAD, FBD or SCL and System functions (SFC) and system function blocks (SFB).
-

Function blocks and system function blocks must be assigned an instance DB when they are called. The blocks must already exist in the "Blocks" folder of the S7 program before they are called. The names of the blocks can be specified in absolute form (for example FC1) or, if they are declared in the symbol table, symbolically (for example Motor 1). When the blocks are called, you must supply the formal parameters of the called block with actual values.

6.12

Block Comment
Every S7-GRAPH FB can include a block comment. The block comment can be a maximum of 2048 characters long. It has no influence on the execution of the program. Block comments are displayed only in the "Sequencer" view.

Entering the Block Comment

You can enter a block comment when the menu command View > Display with > Comment is selected (check mark). 1. Select the "Sequencer" display level. 2. Enter the block comment directly in the text box located above the sequencer.

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Programming the Structure of a Sequencer

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Programming Conditions and Actions

The section below describes how to fill out the structure of the sequencers with content. You will learn about: Actions with their categories and components and how to make them dependent on events Conditions, where they occur and how to combine them. Ways of exiting a step when a supervision error has occurred. The use of symbolic programming in S7-GRAPH.

Opening blocks with the relevant editor:

The block used in the action table of a step can be opened with the relevant editor by selecting and double-clicking it. It is also possible to open the block with the relevant editor by selecting the block in the action table and then selecting the menu command Edit > Open Block.

Areas for Conditions and Actions

At the single step display level, almost all areas are displayed in which actions and conditions can be programmed.
FB i Comment for ... (1) Step comment Interlock (2) (3) S1 T1 S2 T2 (5) (4)
C

Supervision
V

S1
Step1

Step1

(6)

T1
Trans1

(7)

Address

Symbol

Type

Comment

(8)

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Field for the step comment Area for interlock conditions Area for supervision conditions Symbol for the step

(5) (6) (7) (8)

Area for transition conditions Empty action table Symbol for transition Symbol table for symbolic programming

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Steps for Editing a Step/Transition Pair

Once you have programmed the structure of the sequencers in the S7-GRAPH FB, you can start to program the individual steps and transitions. The order in which you work is of little importance. The order of the steps as shown below is simply a suggestion.
Step 1 2 3 4 Task Programming the actions in the action table Programming the conditions in transitions, interlocks, supervisions and the permanent conditions Editing the numbers and names of steps and transitions or entering a step comment Editing the section of the STEP 7 symbol table for this step

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7.1

Actions
In the steps, you program actions that, for example, control the inputs, outputs and memory bits, activate or deactivate the steps of the sequencer or call blocks. This means that actions contain instructions for process control. These actions are executed in order from "top" to "bottom" when the step is active. You program the step contents in the action table at the "single step" display level. You can also select the "Sequencer" display level and display the actions with the menu command View > Display With > Conditions and Actions.

Components of an Action
An action consists of the following: (1): An optional event (for example S1) and an instruction (for example N) and (2): An address (for example M4.3) or an assignment (for example A:=B+C).
Step is active

S4
Step4 Order of execution

Step4 N M 4.2 S0 R Q 4.4 S1 N M 4.3

1 2

Categories of Actions
Actions are divided into the following categories: Standard actions With and without interlock
-

Event-dependent actions With and without interlock To activate and deactivate steps
-

Empty Steps (Steps Without Actions)

Steps that do not contain programmed actions are empty steps. An empty step behaves like an active step. The successor transition becomes valid.

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Counters, timers and arithmetic in actions

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Programming Conditions and Actions

7.2

Standard Actions

Standard Actions with and without Interlock

All standard actions can be combined with an interlock. The actions are only executed when the conditions of the interlock are satisfied (letter C added). Standard actions without an interlock are executed as long as the step is active.
Instruction Address Identifier N[C] S[C] Q,I,M,D Q,I,M,D Address Location m.n m.n Meaning: As long as the step is active [and interlock satisfied], the address is set to 1. Set: As soon as the step is active [and the interlock is satisfied], the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1 (latching) Reset: As soon as the step is active [and the interlock is satisfied], the address is set to 0 and remains at 0 (latching). On (Delay): n seconds after the step is activated, the address has signal 1 [if the interlock is satisfied] while the step is active. This does not apply if the step is active for a time shorter than n seconds (non-latching). Time constant m.n Limited pulse: If the step is active [and the interlock is satisfied], the address is set to 1 for n seconds (non latching). Time constant Block number Block call: As long as the step is active [and the interlock is satisfied], the specified block is called.

R[C]

Q,I,M,D

m.n

D[C]

Q,I,M,D

m.n

T#<const> L[C] Q,I,M,D

T#<const> CALL[C] FB, FC, SFB, SFC

[ ] = optional addition to the interlock; m = byte address; n = bit address; address range: 0.0 to 65535.7 Address D: DBi.DBXm.n = data block number i; DBXm.n = bit in the DB; SFB/FB = System function block/ function block; SFC/FC = System function/function For CALL[C] FB/SFB, an instance DB is required.

Note You can open the called block or its instance DB using the Open Block function or by right-clicking or double-clicking on the block.

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Time Constant
All actions that contain the instructions D or L require a time to be specified. Times are programmed as constants with the syntax T#<const> and can be combined as required. <const>= nD (n days), nH (n hours), nM (n minutes), nS (n seconds), nMS (n milliseconds), where n = a number (integer) Example: T#2D3H: time constant = 2 days and 3 hours

Example: Action Table with Standard Actions

Step4

S4

(1) (2)

Step4 N A1.0 D A1.1 T#1M20S

(1): As long as the step is active, the signal at output Q1.0 is set to 1. (2): 1 minute and 20 seconds after step activation and providing the step is still active, the signal at output Q1.1 is set to 1. If the step is no longer active, the signal at Q1.1 is 0.

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Programming Conditions and Actions

7.3
Events

Event-Dependent Actions

An action can be logically combined with an event. An event is the change in the signal state of a step, a supervision or an interlock or the acknowledgment of a message or a registration is set. If an action is logically combined with an event, the signal state of the event is recognized by edge detection. This means that the instructions can only be executed in the cycle in which the event took place.

Events and Signal Evaluation

Step
1 S1 0 S0 t

S1: Step becomes active S0: Step is deactivated

Supervision
1 V1 0

V1: Supervision error occurred (disturbance) V0: Supervision error cleared (no disturbance)
Disturbance V0 t

Interlock
1 L1 0 [C = 0] t L0

L0: Interlock condition entering state L1: Interlock condition leaving state (for example disturbance) C: Interlock condition is satisfied

Message and Registration

1 0

A1: A message is acknowledged R1: A registration is set (rising edge at input REG_EF / REG_S)
A1=1

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Event-Dependent Actions - with and without Interlock

All standard actions with the exception of actions containing the D and L instructions can be logically combined with an event.
Event S1, V1, A1, R1 Instruction Address Identifier Address Location m.n Meaning: After the event is detected [and the interlock is active], the following applies to the next step cycle: state 1 once (S) S0, V0, L0, L1 N, R, S, CALL Q,I,M,D m.n FB, FC, SFB, block SFC number Address set to signal state 0 (R) once Block is called once (CALL) Address has signal state 1 (N) once Address set to signal

N[C], R[C], S[C] Q,I,M,D, CALL[C]

FB, FC, SFB, block SFC number

After the event is detected, the following applies to the next step cycle: Address has signal state 1 (N) once Address set to signal state 0 (S) once Address set to signal state 0 (R) once Block is called once (CALL)

m = byte address; n = bit address; address range: 0.0 to 65535.7 Address D: DBi.DBXm.n = data block number i; DBXm.n = bit in the DB; SFBi / FBi = (system) function block number i; SFCi / FCi = (system) function number i

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Event-Dependent Actions - to Activate and Deactivate Steps

Other steps can be activated or deactivated using the ON and OFF instructions. The instructions are always dependent on a step event, in other words the event determines the time at which the step is activated or deactivated. These instructions can be combined with an interlock. The actions are only executed when the conditions of the interlock are satisfied.
Event S1, V1, A1, R1 S1, V1 Instruction ON[C], OFF[C] Address Identifier S Address Location i Meaning: Activate (ON) or deactivate (OFF) the step dependent on the event [and interlock] Deactivate all steps dependent on the event [and interlock]. The exception to this is the step in which the action is located. i Activate (ON) or deactivate (OFF) dependent on the event Deactivate all steps dependent on the event. The exception to this is the step in which the action is located.

OFF[C]

S_ALL

S0, V0, L0, L1 L1

ON, OFF

OFF

S_ALL

i: step number

Note If a step is both activated and deactivated in one cycle, deactivating has higher priority.

Example: Action Table with Event-Dependent Actions

Step 4 S1 RC A1.0 V1 OFF S_ALL L0 CALL FC10

S4
Step 4
1 2 3

(1): As soon as the step is active and the interlock is satisfied, output Q1.0 is set to 0 and remains set to 0. (2): As soon as the supervision error occurs, all active steps are deactivated, except for step S4 in which the action is located. (3): As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied, the specified block (FC10) is called.

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7.4

Counters, Timers, and Arithmetic in Actions

Counters in Actions
All counters in actions are always dependent on an event, in other words the event determines the time at which the instruction is activated. You also have the option of combining counters with an interlock. The count instructions combined with the interlock are only executed when the conditions of the interlock are satisfied (letter C added) as well as the event occurring. Counters without an interlock are executed when the event occurs. The counters in actions behave like the counters in other S7 programming languages: There is no overflow and no underflow and with a counter reading of 0, the counter bit is also 0, otherwise it is 1.
Event S1, S0, L1, L0, V1, V0, A1, R1 Instruction CS[C] Address Identifier C Address Location X Meaning: Set: As soon as the event occurs [and the interlock is satisfied], the initial counter value is loaded in the counter. Initial counter value X Count up: As soon as the event occurs [and the interlock is satisfied], the counter value is incremented by "1". Count down: As soon as the event occurs [and the interlock is satisfied], the counter value is decremented by "1". Reset: As soon as the event occurs [and the interlock is satisfied], the counter value is reset to 0.

<initial counter value> S1, S0, L1, L0, V1, V0, A1, R1 S1, S0, L1, L0, V1, V0, A1, R1 CU[C] C

CD[C]

S1, S0, L1, L0, V1, V0, A1, R1

CR[C]

[ ] = optional supplement to interlock; x = number of the counter

Initial Counter Value

All actions containing the CS instruction require an initial counter value. The initial counter value is programmed with the following syntax: <initial counter value> = IWy, QWy, MWy, LWy, DBWy, DIWy; variable of type WORD; C#0 ... C#999 Y = 0 ... 65534

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Timers in Actions
All timers in actions are always dependent on an event, in other words the event determines the time at which the instruction is activated. You also have the option of combining timers with an interlock. The timer instructions combined with an interlock are only executed when the conditions of the interlock are satisfied in addition to the event occurring (additional letter C). Timers without an interlock are executed when the event occurs.
Event S1, S0, L1, L0, V1, V0, A1, R1 Instruction TL[C] Address Identifier T Address Location X Meaning: Extended pulse, non-latching behavior of the timer bit (status of the timer): As soon as the event occurs, the timer starts. The condition C is only relevant for the point at which the timer starts. Once the timer starts, it continues to run regardless of the interlock and step activity. During the period <time>, the timer bit is set to "1", afterwards it is reset to "0". The started timer can be restarted by an event occurring. The timer bit remains set to "1", the timer starts again with the value of <time>. time X Latching on delay, latching behavior of the timer bit (status of the timer): As soon as the event occurs, the timer starts. The condition C is only relevant for the point at which the timer starts. Once the timer starts, it continues to run regardless of the interlock and step activity. During the <time>, the timer bit is set to "0". The started timer can be restarted by an event occurring. The timer bit remains set to "0", the total time the timer runs is extended by <time>. The timer bit is set to "1" only after the total time has elapsed. time X Reset: As soon as the event occurs [and the interlock is satisfied], the timer is stopped. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to "0".

<Time> S1, S0, L1, L0, V1, V0, A1, R1 TD[C] T

<Time> S1, S0, L1, L0, V1, V0, A1, R1 TR[C] T

[ ] = optional supplement to interlock; x = number of the timer

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Time (duration)
All actions containing one of the TL or TD instructions require a time (duration) to be specified. The time is programmed with the following syntax: <time> = IWy, QWy, MWy, LWy, DBWy, DIWy; variable of the type S5TIME, WORD; S5T#time_cnstant Y = 0 ... 65534

Arithmetic in Actions
You can provide statements with simple arithmetic expressions in actions. There are assignments in the form A:=B, A:=func(B) and A:=B<operator>C. An action containing an arithmetic expression requires the N instruction. The action can be dependent on an event. This means that the assignment can either be executed only when the relevant event occurs or in each cycle in which the step is active. As an option, the action can also be combined with an interlock (letter C added).
Event -Instruction N[C] Assignment A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C S0, S1, V0, V1, L0, L1, A1, R1 N[C] A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C After the event occurs [and the interlock is true], the assignment is executed. Meaning As long as the step is active [and the interlock is satisfied], the assignment is executed.

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Direct Assignments
You can enter direct assignments with the syntax A:=B. The following data types can be used for a direct assignment: 8 bits: BYTE, CHAR 16 bits: WORD, INT, DATE, S5TIME 32 bits: DWORD, DINT, REAL, TIME, TIME_OF_DAY

The following table is an overview of all the permitted types of assignment. You can assign not only addresses of the same type but also addresses with different data types with the same length and addresses of different lengths to each other:
8 Bits BYTE CHAR 8 Bits BYTE := CHAR := 16 Bits WORD := INT := DATE := S5TIME := 32 Bits DWORD := DINT := REAL := TIME := TIME_OF_ DAY := ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 16 Bits WORD INT DATE S5 TIME 32 Bits DWORD DINT REAL TIME TIME_OF _DAY

Assignments with Built-in Function

Assignments with a built-in function are entered with the syntax A:=func(B). These assignments are essentially conversions functions and complex math functions. The assigned address A specifies the data type of the expression. You can use the following assignments with a built-in function:
Assignment with Built-in Function Conversion functions: A := BCD_TO_NUM(B) A := NUM_TO_BCD(B) A := INT_TO_DINT(B) A := DINT_TO_REAL(B) A := ROUND(B) A := TRUNC(B) BCD to INT or DINT (STL instructions: BTI, BTD) INT or DINT to BCD (STL instructions: ITB, DTB) INT to DINT (STL instruction: ITD) DINT to REAL (STL instruction: DTR) REAL to DINT (STL instruction: RND) REAL to DINT, truncate remainder (STL instruction: TRUNC) Comment

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Assignment with Built-in Function Math functions: A := NEGR(B) A := ABS(B) A := SQR(B) A := SQRT(B) A := LN(B) A := EXP(B) A := SIN(B) A := ASIN(B) A := COS(B) A := ACOS(B) A := TAN(B) A := ATAN(B) A := NEG(B)

Comment

REAL negation REAL absolute value REAL square REAL square root REAL logarithm to base e REAL exponent to base e REAL sine REAL arc sine REAL cosine REAL arc cosine REAL tangent REAL arc tangent Negation (two's complement) (STL instructions: NEGI, NEGD, NEGR)

Other Functions: A := NOT(B) A := SWAP(B) A := RLDA(B) A := RRDA(B) One's complement (STL instructions: INVI, INVD) Swap bytes (STL instructions: TAD, TAW) Rotate 32 bits left by 1 bit via CC1 (STL instruction: RLDA) Rotate 32 bits right by 1 bit via CC1 (STL instruction: RRDA)

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Assignments with Operator

Enter assignments with an operator with the syntax A:=B<operator>C. These assignments are basic math functions and bit logic operations. The assigned address A specifies the data type of the expression. You can use the following assignments with an operator:
Assignments with Operator A := B + C A := B - C A := B C A := B / C Comment +I, +D, +R -I, -D, -R I, D, R /I, /D, /R When necessary, the operator can be supplemented by +D/+R in the basic math functions. A := B MOD C A := B AND C A := B OR C A := B XOR C A := B SHL C A := B SHR C A := B SSR C A := B ROL C A := B ROR C Modulo: Only for data type DINT AND operation (STL instructions: AW, AD) OR operation (STL instructions: OW, OD) EXCLUSIVE OR operation (STL instructions: XOW, XOD) Shift left, 0<=C<=255 (STL instructions: SLW, SLD) Shift right, 0<=C<=255 (STL instructions: SRW, SRD) Shift right with sign, 0<=C<=255 (STL instructions: SSI, SSD) Rotate left, 0<=C<=255 (STL instructions: RLD) Rotate right, 0<=C<=255 (STL instructions: RRD)

Example: Action Table with Counters and Arithmetic

S4
Step 4
1 2

Step 4 S1 CU S1 N

Z23 A:=A+1

Two alternatives for counting production cycles: (1): As soon as the step is active, the counter C23 is incremented by 1. The counter therefore counts the number of times the step is activated. (2): As soon as the step becomes active, the value of A is incremented by 1. In this way, the arithmetic can be used to count actions based on the number of activations of the step.

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7.5

Conditions
Conditions are binary states of the process that are combined with each other as LAD or FBD elements (normally-open contact, normally-closed contact, AND box, OR box, comparator) in the LAD diagram or in the function block diagram according to Boolean logic. The result of the logic operation (RLO) can influence individual actions of a step, the entire step, the enabling of the next step or the entire sequencer. Logic operations are programmed in Ladder Logic or FBD. Conditions are : Events (for example active step is exited) and States (for example input I2.1 is set)

Areas in which Conditions Can Occur

Conditions occur in the following areas: Transition (enabling the next step) Interlock Supervision Permanent instructions (conditions and block calls at the start and/or at the end of the sequencer)

Transition
In a transition, you program conditions that control how the sequencer passes control from one step to the next.
Interlock
C

Supervision
V

S1
Step1 E2.3

Step1 S1 RC V1 OFF L0 CALL A1.0 S_ALL FC10

T1
Trans1

E2.5

A transition is displayed and programmed at the single step display level. You can also select the "Sequencer" display level and display the transitions with the menu command View > Display With > Conditions and Actions. The transition passes control to the next step of the sequencer when the logic operation of the conditions is satisfied, in other words when the network produces the result 1. The step following the transition becomes active. The transition does not pass control to the next step of the sequencer if the logic operation of the conditions is not satisfied; in other words, when the network produces the result 0. The active step remains active.

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Empty Transition
Transitions without programmed conditions are empty transitions. This does not affect the execution of the sequencer. The active step is run through only once. The following step becomes valid.

Skipping Steps
If both the transition before a step and the transition after a step are valid at the same time, the step does not become active. In the "Compile/Save" tab of the "Block Settings" dialog box (menu command Options > Block Settings), the option "Skip Steps" must be selected.

Interlock
An interlock is a programmable condition for interlocking the step that influences the execution of individual actions.
E2.3 E2.5 Interlock
C

Supervision
V C

S1
Step1

Step1 S1 RC V1 OFF L0 CALL A1.0 S_ALL FC10

T1
Trans1

If the logic operation of the conditions is satisfied, the actions combined with interlocks are executed. If the logic operation of the conditions is not satisfied, there is a disturbance: Actions combined with an interlock are not executed An interlock error is signaled (event L1).

You program an interlock at the single step display level. A maximum of 32 Ladder Logic/FBD elements can be programmed per interlock. The result of the operation is managed automatically by the system. A programmed interlock is indicated by the letter C following the step at all display levels.

Caution If you program an interlock this is only used in the actions when their instructions have been extended by the letter C.

Empty Interlock
An interlock without a condition (in other words without Ladder Logic or FBD elements) behaves like a satisfied interlock.
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Programming Conditions and Actions

Supervision
A supervision is a programmable condition for monitoring a step that influences the way in which the sequencer passes control from one step to the next.
Interlock
C

Supervision

IN1 IN2

CMP == I

S1
Step1
V

Step1 S1 RC V1 OFF L0 CALL A1.0 S_ALL FC10

T1
Trans1

A programmed supervision is indicated by the letter V to the left of the step at all display levels. You program supervisions at the single step display level. A maximum of 32 Ladder Logic/FBD elements can be programmed per supervision. The result is managed automatically by the system. If the logic operation of the conditions is satisfied, there is a disturbance and the event V1 is signaled. The sequencer does not pass control to the next step. The current step, however, remains active. The step activation time Si.U is stopped as soon as the condition is satisfied. If the logic operation of the conditions is not satisfied, there is no disturbance. If the successor transition is satisfied, the sequencer passes control to the next step.

Permanent Instructions
You program permanent instructions with the familiar Ladder Logic/FBD elements. For more detailed information, refer to the "Permanent Instructions" section in "Programming the Structure of a Sequencer".

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Programming Conditions and Actions

7.6

Ladder Logic Elements for Programming Conditions

Ladder Logic Elements

A ladder logic program follows the power flow between power rails. The individual ladder elements carry binary information: Signal state "0" (current not flowing) or "1" (current flowing).
Ladder Logic Element Normally open contact Address Data type Memory Area Description

<Address>

<Operand> BOOL, TIMER, COUNTER

I, Q, M, T, C The normally open contact has data bit signal state "1", when the signal state of the address is "1". The address specifies the bit whose signal state is queried.

Normally closed contact <Operand> BOOL, TIMER, <Address> COUNTER

I, Q, M, T, C The normally closed contact has data bit signal state "1", when the signal state of the address "0". The address specifies the bit whose signal state is queried.

Coil (output) <Operand> -----(=)

<Operand> BOOL

I, Q, M, data You use coils only in the permanent bit instructions of a sequencer. The address contains the result of the conditions that were programmed within the permanent instructions (logic operations with normally open contacts, normally closed contacts, compare boxes). It specifies the bit to which the signal state is assigned.

Coil Set output <Operand>

<Operand> BOOL

-----(S)

I, Q, M, data "Set coil" is only executed when the bit result of logic operation (RLO) of the previous permanent instructions is "1". The <address> is then set to "1". An RLO of "0" has no effect, so the current signal state of the address is not changed. The address specifies which bit will be set.

Coil Reset output <Operand>

<Operand> BOOL

-----(R)

I, Q, M, data "Reset coil" is only executed when bit the result of logic operation (RLO) of the previous permanent instructions is "1". The <address> is then set to "0". An RLO of "0" has no effect, so the current signal state of the address is not changed. The address specifies which bit will be reset.

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Rules for Entering Ladder Logic Elements

When entering Ladder elements, keep to the following rules: All elements and branches must be connected together. Each branch in a Ladder Logic network must contain at least one Ladder Logic element.

Modes for Inserting Ladder Elements

There are two editing modes available for inserting Ladder elements: Insert > Direct In this mode, you first select the position in the sequencer at which you want to insert an element and then select the element to be inserted. Insert > Drag and Drop In this mode, you first select the element you want to insert and then select the position at which the element will be inserted using the mouse pointer. This mode is particularly suitable when you want to insert the same element at more than one position in the sequencer.

Entering Addresses
There are two ways of entering addresses: Click the placeholder "??.?" of the required text field. Then enter an absolute or symbolic address (for example I1.0, "limit_switch"). You can use both the German mnemonics (E, A) and the English mnemonics (I, O) for addresses. Set the mnemonics you require in the SIMATIC Manager. Select the address and then select an absolute or symbolic address from the drop-down list box (for example I1.0, "Limit switch"). The address is then entered.

Changing Over Between Ladder Logic and FBD

In S7-GRAPH, you can program conditions in one of two programming languages: In ladder diagram (LAD) or in function block diagram (FBD). You can display the conditions in LAD or in FBD at any time. To toggle the display, simply select the appropriate menu command: View > LAD or View > FBD.

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7.7

Logic Operations with Ladder Logic Elements

A logic operation queries the signal state of a Ladder element for "0" (not activated, off) or "1" (activated, on) and then supplies a result of logic operation (RLO). The instruction either saves the result or executes a Boolean logic operation with it. The two logic operations AND and OR must be distinguished:

Logic operation AND

Example of a logic operation in

E0.0 E0.1

a transition The condition is satisfied when the signal state at input I '0.0 is "1" AND and the signal state at input I 0.1 is "0". The condition is satisfied when The signal state at input I 0.0 is "1" The compare box produces the result true" after comparing the two addresses.

OR

E0.0

CMP == I IN1 IN2

OR

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Ladder Logic Element Compararator

Addresses

Data

Memory Area

Description

CMP == IN1 IN2 == > < >= <= <>

INT DINT REAL

IN1: First comparison value

INT/ DINT/ REAL/ TIMER/ CONST

I, Q, M, data (double) word

The compare box has the signal state "1" when the comparison between the two addresses IN1 and IN2 is true. INT: 16-bit integer comparator Parameter: words DINT: 32-bit integer comparator and comparator for timers Parameter: double words, timers REAL: 32-bit floating-point number comparator Parameter: double words

IN2: Second comparison value

INT / DINT / REAL / I, Q, M, data TIMER / CONST (double) word

Note: When you enter the comparator you only need to specify the data type D/R/I explicitly when you enter the 32 bit values without specifying a type (for example when accessing absolute addresses in the double word area). Otherwise the data type is detected by the system so that the specification can be omitted.

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7.8

FBD Elements for Programming Conditions

FBD Elements
An FBD program follows the signal flow of a logic string. The individual FBD elements carry binary information: Signal state "0" (current not flowing) or "1" (current flowing).
FBD Element Insert binary input
<Address>

Address

Data type

Memory Area I, Q, M, T, C, D, L

Description The instruction adds a further binary input to an AND or OR box after the position selected. The address specifies the bit whose signal state is queried.

<Operand> BOOL

Negate binary input

None:

--

--

The instruction negates the result of logic operation (RLO).

Output

You use output operations only in the permanent instructions of a sequencer. <Operand> BOOL I, Q, M, D, L The address contains the result of the conditions that were programmed within the permanent instructions (logic operations before the output box). It specifies the bit to which the signal state is assigned.

Assign output

<Address>
=

Set output

<Operand> BOOL

<Address>
S

I, Q, M, D, L This instruction is executed only when the RLO of the previous permanent instruction is "1". The <address> is then set to "1". An RLO of "0" has no effect, so the current signal state of the address is not changed. The address specifies which bit will be set.

Reset output

<Operand> BOOL, TIMER, COUNTER

I, Q, M, T, C, D, L

<Address>
R

This instruction is executed only when the RLO of the previous permanent instruction is "1". The <address> is then reset to "0". An RLO of "0" has no effect, so the current signal state of the address is not changed. The address specifies which bit will be reset.

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Rules for Entering FBD Elements

When entering FBD elements, keep to the following rules: All elements and branches must be connected together. Each branch in an FBD network must contain at least one FBD element.

Modes for Inserting FBD Elements

There are two editing modes available for inserting FBD elements: Insert > Direct In this mode, you first select the position in the sequencer at which you want to insert an element and then select the element to be inserted. Insert > Drag and Drop In this mode, you first select the element you want to insert and then select the position at which the element will be inserted using the mouse pointer. This mode is particularly suitable when you want to insert the same element at more than one position in the sequencer.

Entering Addresses
There are two ways of entering addresses: Click the placeholder "??.?" of the required text field. Then enter an absolute or symbolic address (for example I1.0, "limit_switch"). You can use both the German mnemonics (E, A) and the English mnemonics (I, O) for addresses. Set the mnemonics you require in the SIMATIC Manager. Select the address and then select an absolute or symbolic address from the drop-down list box (for example I1.0, "Limit switch"). The address is then entered.

Changing Over Between FBD and Ladder Logic Diagram

In S7-GRAPH, you can program conditions in one of two programming languages: In ladder diagram (LAD) or in function block diagram (FBD). You can display the conditions in LAD or in FBD at any time. To toggle the display, simply select the appropriate menu command: View > LAD or View > FBD.

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7.9

Logic Operations with FBD Elements

The two logic operations AND and OR must be distinguished: Here, two FBD elements are available.

FBD Element AND operation

<Address> <Address>

Address

Data type

Memory Area I, Q, M, T, C, D, L

Description The instruction provides the signal "1" when the signal state of all <addresses> is "1". If the signal state of an <address> is "0", the instruction produces the result "0". The address specifies the bit whose signal state is queried.

<Operand> BOOL

&

OR operation
<Address> <Address>

<Operand> BOOL

I, Q, M, T, C, D, L

>=1

The instruction provides the signal "1" when the signal state of one of the <addresses> is "1". If the signal state of all <address> is "0", the instruction produces the result "0". The address specifies the bit whose signal state is queried.

Compare box
CMP == IN1 IN2
== > <

IN1: First INT/ DINT/ comparison REAL value

I, Q, M, D, L, The result of the logic operation has constant the signal state "1" when the comparison between the two addresses IN1 and IN2 is true. INT: 16-bit integer comparison : Parameter words DINT: 32-bit integer comparison : Parameter double words REAL: 32-bit floating-point number comparison Parameter: double words

INT DINT > = REAL

<= <>

IN2: INT / DINT / I, Q, M, D, L, Second REAL constant comparison value

Note: When you enter the comparator you only need to specify the data type D/R/I explicitly when you enter the 32 bit values without specifying a type (for example when accessing absolute addresses in the double word area). Otherwise the data type is detected by the system so that the specification can be omitted.

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7.10

S7-GRAPH Addresses in Conditions

It is possible to use system information about steps as addresses in transitions, supervisions, interlocks, actions, and permanent instructions.

Address Si.T Si.U Si.X

Meaning Current or last activation time of step i Total activation time of step i without the time of a disturbance Indicates whether or not step i is active

Used in Comparator, assignment Comparator, assignment Normally open contact/normally closed contact Normally open contact/normally closed contact

Transi.TT Transition i is satisfied Check whether all conditions of transition i are satisfied

You can use S7-GRAPH-specific addresses just like all other addresses in LAD and FBD or in actions.

Example of Using S7-GRAPH Addresses

In many processes, it is necessary to monitor the duration of an activity (minus any disturbance times). Example: A product must be stirred for a total of 5 seconds regardless of the times in which the step was disturbed. In situations such as this, you can program a supervision condition in which you monitor the Si.U address. The "Compare integers (32-bit)" instruction allows you to compare the value of the Si.U address with the set time of 5 seconds. Inputs IN1 and IN2 are compared. In the example, the undisturbed activation time of step 3 is compared with a selected time of 5 seconds. If the activation time of step 3 is greater than or equal to the selected time of 5 seconds, the condition is satisfied. If the valve is also closed (signal = 1), the supervision is satisfied.

Valve
CMP >=D

Step activity Time constant

S003.U T#5s

IN1 IN2

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7.11

Supervision Errors and Acknowledgment

Every step can be assigned a supervision condition. Only active step are monitored. S7-GRAPH recognizes whether or not the supervision conditions are satisfied (in other words when a supervision error has occurred). A supervision error entering the state (1) results in event "V1", a supervision error leaving the state (2) results in the event "V0".
1 V1 0
1 2

Disturbance V0

No disturbance

Disturbance: conditions in the supervision are satisfied No disturbance: conditions in the supervision are not satisfied

Signaling and Acknowledgment - Requirements

The signaling and acknowledgment of a supervision error is only possible with the following settings in the "Compile / Save" tab of the "Block Settings" dialog (menu command Options > Block Settings): "Standard", "Maximum", or "Definable" is set in the "FB Parameters" box. S7-GRAPH then signals a supervision error with the output parameter ERR_FLT. "Acknowledge errors" is set in the "Sequencer Properties" group. This means that supervision errors occurring during operation must be acknowledged with the input parameter ACK_EF.

Whether or not an error must be acknowledged can be set as "definable" not only in the settings in the dialog box but alternatively also using the relevant parameter (EN_ACKREQ) in the parameter set.

Handling Supervision Errors

Errors that must be acknowledged affect only the relevant sequencer paths, so that the remaining sequencer can be processed while the sequencer path affected is only processed again after the error is acknowledged.

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Supervision error occurs (event V1 enters state)

Actions with V1 are executed once in the next sequencer cycle. Step activation time Si.U is stopped

Message in FB parameter ERR_FLT

Yes

Compilation setting: Acknowledge

No

Ackn. signal or SV not true?

No

Yes

No Ackn. signal? No Yes Si.U:=0 Yes Si.U:=0 Ackn. signal?

Step enabling condition true?

Yes

Yes

Step enabling condition true?

No Supervision error leaves state Event V0 enters

No

No SV not true?

No SV not true?

Yes Supervision error leaves state Event V0 enters

Sequencer switches

Yes

Supervision error leaves state Event V0 enters

End

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Programming Conditions and Actions

7.12

Comment, Extended Name, Number, Name

Step Comment
A step comment can contain a maximum of 2048 characters. It has no influence on the execution of the program. Step comments are displayed only at the single step display level. If you do not enter an extended step name, the step name is displayed instead.

The Extended Name

The extended name is displayed in the text line above the actions. It can be used, on the one hand, as a simple comment, and on the other hand the extended name can also be used instead of the step name to identify the step to the diagnostic system. The number of characters in the extended name is not limited. Make sure, however, that you assign extended names that are unique in the program. If you do not enter an extended name, the step name is displayed instead.

Step Number (for example S1) and Step Name (for example Step1)
The step name and step number must be unique and can be adapted at any of the display levels. The step number is automatically assigned by the system (range: 1 to 999). If the step number of the first step is set manually in a branch path, when further step-transition pairs are inserted, the numbers are assigned automatically by the system in ascending order starting at the manually entered number. This simply leads to interrupted numbering of the steptransition pairs. You can renumber the steps and transitions at any time so that individual areas are consecutively numbered. The step name is automatically assigned by the system (range: step1 to step999). It can consist of a maximum of 24 alphanumeric characters. The first character must be a letter. If the zoom factor is too low, the display of step names is suppressed. If you modify the name of a step in the "Step Properties" dialog box, S7-GRAPH automatically searches for the old name and replaces it throughout the entire program when you save or compile. All instructions in which the step is referenced are therefore updated.

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Transition Number (for example T1) and Transition Name (for example Trans1)
The transition name and transition number must be unique and can be adapted later in all three programming language representations. The transition number is assigned automatically by the system (range: 1 to 999). If the transition number of the first transition is assigned manually in a branch path, when you insert further step-transition pairs, the numbers are assigned by the system automatically starting at the number entered manually. This simply leads to interrupted numbering of the step-transition pairs. You can renumber the steps and transitions at any time so that individual areas are consecutively numbered. The transition name is automatically assigned by the system (range: Trans1 to Trans999). It can consist of a maximum of 24 alphanumeric characters. The first character must be a letter. If the zoom factor is too low, the display of the transition name is suppressed. You can modify the transition name in the "Transition Properties" dialog box.

7.13

Programming with Symbolic Addresses

To make the program and sequential control system clearer, you can use addresses with symbolic identifiers or names instead of absolute addresses. Symbolic addresses are assigned in the symbol table. The symbol table is automatically created in the S7 program and can be displayed using the menu command Options > Symbol Table or in the SIMATIC manager using the "Symbols" folder. The symbols used are displayed in the symbols folder in the "Variables" tab of the overview window. The corresponding addresses, data types, and comments are displayed in the "Variables" tab of the details window.

Requirements for Using Symbolic Addresses

Symbolic addresses can only be used when a symbolic name has been assigned to the absolute addresses in the symbol table.

Displaying Symbol Information when Entering Addresses

You can simplify the entry of symbolic addresses in conditions and actions by displaying existing symbols in a drop-down list box. If the menu command View > Display with > Symbol List is selected, the list box with the symbols is displayed automatically when you enter addresses. If the menu command is not selected, you can open the list box with the symbols at any time using the right mouse button and the Insert Symbol command.

Example of Using Symbolic Names

Instead of the address I0.1, use the defined name Dr_mot_stopped" or

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Programming Conditions and Actions

Instead of the absolute block identifier FB11, use the symbolic name Seq_drill".

7.14

Block Parameters and Variables in the S7-GRAPH FB

Each on of the S7-GRAPH FB is assigned a fixed block parameter set. The system provides a selection of three default parameter sets. You can select a parameter set via menu command Options > Block settings. The user can also define block parameters as well as static or temporary variables required for programming. A variable view is available for editing block parameters and variables. This is found in the "Variables" tab of the overview window. If this window is hidden, you can open it on your desktop via menu command View > Overviews. Further information on these variables are found in the variables detail view of the "Details" window. There you will find information on addresses, initial values and comments referring to the variables.

Inserting Parameters or Variables in the Sequencer

If you want to use a parameter or variable in the sequencer, you can drag the parameter or variable from the "Variables" tab to the sequencer using the mouse and position it at the required location.

Automatic Update of Changes

Changes you have made to the parameters or variables in the "Variables" tab are automatically updated in the sequencer to exclude any inconsistencies.

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Saving and Compiling

Principle: Saving and Compiling

After you have programmed a sequencer, you must save the program. When saving and compiling, S7-GRAPH makes a distinction between an S7-GRAPH FB and an S7-GRAPH source file.
Trigger: Save an FB Correction of errors Source file is saved Error messages Syntax check Trigger: Save a source file

Yes Error? No FB is created Instance DB is created

Trigger: Compile a source file

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Saving and Compiling

8.1

Saving and Compiling

Make sure that you keep to the following rules: The size of an S7-GRAPH FB with sequencers is restricted for all CPU 3xx to a maximum of 8 Kbytes or 16 Kbytes. CPU 4xx to 64 Kbytes.
-

Each FB has an instance DB that can be understood as the memory of the FB. This contains all the data and parameters required to execute the FB. The instance DB can be created either automatically during compilation or later using a menu command. The size of the instance DB depends on the number of programmed steps and transitions but is a minimum of 300 bytes. Before saving the S7-GRAPH FB or S7-GRAPH source file, you can start a consistency check. Errors and warnings during the compilation of an S7-GRAPH source file can but do not need to be corrected. Errors during the compilation of an S7-GRAPH FB must, however, be corrected before the FB can be saved.
-

If you want to download several sequencers to the PLC at the same time, it is often better to include the system functionality in one of the supplied standard blocks. This reduces the size of every S7-GRAPH block by approximately 5000 bytes. The requirement of the standard block must, however, be added to this (once) (FC70 approx. 8200 bytes, FC71 approx. 7750 bytes, FC72 approx. 10700 bytes, FC73 approx. 8150 bytes).

8.2

Rules for Saving an S7-GRAPH FB

Only error-free S7-GRAPH FBs can be saved and transferred to the CPU, in other words errors must be eliminated before the FB can be saved. Less significant errors that cause warnings do not need to be eliminated, in other words it is possible to Save" or Save As" FBs with warnings. When you save an FB, S7-GRAPH implicitly compiles it, in other words the sequencer you have created is checked for syntax errors. Following this, the S7-GRAPH FB does not need to be compiled. A detailed window in the "Compile/Decompile Messages" tab displays errors that have occurred (for example jump destination not defined) and/or warnings (for example action without content) as compilation messages. A sequencer still containing errors in the S7-GRAPH FB can also be saved as an S7-GRAPH source file with which you can continue to work (menu command File > Generate Source file). This allows you to eliminate the errors at a later point in time. The block created after compilation is saved in the Blocks folder of the same S7 program.

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Saving and Compiling

8.3

Rules for Saving an S7-GRAPH Source File

Incomplete and syntactically incorrect sequencers can be saved. Once an error-free sequencer has been programmed in the S7-GRAPH source file, it can be converted to an S7-GRAPH FB using the "Compile" function. Source files are saved in the Source Files folder in the same S7 program. Addresses can be saved in source files either in absolute or symbolic format.

Creating a Source File

Follow the steps outlined below: 1. Select the menu command File > Create Source File. 2. In the "New" dialog box, select the project and the S7 program and enter the name under which you want to save the source file.

Note If your S7-GRAPH source file is error-free, you can then create an S7-GRAPH FB with File > Compile.

8.4

Settings for Saving and Compiling

Before you save and compile a block, check and correct the settings. Select the menu command Options > Block Settings. The dialog has three tabs that are relevant for saving and compiling. The "Compile / Save" tab defines the structure and content of the FB and the corresponding DB, some properties of the sequencers and the display of warnings during compilation. The "Messages" tab decides the options for configuring messages. The "Process Diagnostics" tab decides the blocks for which process diagnostics is used.
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Select the menu command Options > Application Settings. The dialog has a further tab that is relevant for saving and compiling. The "General" tab determines, among other things, the data to be created when you save your program.

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Saving and Compiling

8.4.1

Settings in the "General" Tab

All the settings that you make in this tab are used as the defaults for new blocks.

New Window View

Here you set the display level at which S7-GRAPH will open a block: Sequencer, single step or permanent instructions. Here you select the components to be displayed after a block is opened
Meaning A field in which you can enter the block comment or (at the single step level) the step comment. Displays the symbolic names of the addresses in the working window. A table that displays the assignment of the symbolic names to the absolute addresses at the single step level. Displays the reference data for your program.

Component Comments Symbols Conditions and Actions Reference data

On Saving
The settings decide which data are created when you save your program. Include instance DB: If you select this option, whenever a function block is compiled or downloaded, S7-GRAPH checks whether the instance DB requires updating and if necessary updates it automatically. If you do not select this option, you must create or update the instance DB manually with the menu command File > Generate Instance DB. Caution If you have set the option "Message with ALARM_SQ/ALARM_S (SFC17/SFC18)" in the "Messages" tab (Options > Application Settings menu command) the instance DB is automatically included. If the instance DB is deleted, make sure you only recreate it with S7-GRAPH, otherwise messages are lost. Generate reference data If you select this option, the reference data are created automatically when you save the block. If you do not select the option, you can nevertheless create or update the reference data manually with the menu command Options > Reference Data. Generate PDIAG data If you select this option, S7-GRAPH generates diagnostic data that can be displayed on an operator interface system. Use extended names for display system Click this check box if you want to use the extended names of the step names for the diagnostic systems.

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Saving and Compiling

Addresses in Source Files

The addresses can be saved in source files either in absolute or symbolic format. Absolute Select this option to access the addresses in absolute format. Symbolic Select this option to access the addresses in symbolic format. The symbols used must be defined in the symbol table.

Automatically create a new window when a step is opened

If you select this option, when you double-click a step it is displayed at the single-step level in a separate window.

Save window arrangement on closing

If you select this option, the settings are saved when you exit the editor and will be displayed again next time you start an editor session.

Maximum number of status jobs used

You can specify the maximum number of status jobs that will be used by S7-GRAPH. All the settings that you make in this tab selected with the menu command Options > Application Settings apply to the currently open block.

IEC-compliant
S7-GRAPH as of V5.1 complies with the PLCopen Basis Level for sequential control systems as stipulated in the DIN EN 61131-3 standard. If you have a sequential control system that conforms with the standard, you can now import it into the STEP 7 data management as an ASCII file using the SIMATIC Manager and then edit it in S7-GRAPH. To create sequential control systems conforming with the standard, select the "IEC-compliant" option. This setting has the following effects: All sequential control systems must contain an initial step. Otherwise, an error is indicated during compilation and no block is created. Direct identifiers in source files and blocks (for example M0.0) are preceded by the % character (%M0.0) Addresses in source files are always represented by their absolute addresses. Compare instructions are displayed without a data type specification if the data type of the address is unambiguous. The "Addresses in Source Files Absolute/Symbolic" option is not available and is set to absolute.

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Saving and Compiling

To ensure that the source files comply with the PLCopen Standard, the following modifications are made automatically: "function_block" is replaced by "program" The semicolon is used as the separator The "Condition:=" expression is suppressed The program name is displayed symbolically in the source file The pseudo comment "$_Jump" is no longer required to recognize jumps.

8.4.2

Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: FB Parameters

This setting decides the available parameters and the intended functionality of the FB that will be created. Minimum: The FB contains only the start parameter INIT_SQ which can be supplied with a value. Only the automatic mode is possible. Standard: The FB contains the standard parameters that can be supplied with values. All modes are possible. Maximum: The FB contains all the parameters that can be supplied with values. All modes are possible. Definable: With this option, you can define your own parameter set in the "Variables" tab in the overview or details window.

Caution If you edit a user-defined parameter set and then select a standard parameter set later in this tab, you will lose the self-defined parameters.

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Saving and Compiling

8.4.3

Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Executability

S7-GRAPH has two options available for creating FBs. Full code: The entire code required to execute each S7-GRAPH FB is included in the FB. If you have several S7-GRAPH FBs, this means a considerable increase in memory requirements. Standard FC required: To reduce memory requirements, S7-GRAPH has the two following alternatives: You use a standard FC containing the main code sections for all FBs. This FC is copied to your project automatically when you select this option. The FBs produced using this method are considerably smaller. To optimize your memory requirements, it is advisable to use the second method with the standard FC if you have two or more S7-GRAPH FBs. You have the choice between the following standard FCs: FC70/FC71 These two FCs are less than 8 Kbytes in size and can therefore be loaded on a smaller CPU. Remember that FC70 and FC71 only support the functionality of S7-GRAPH V4.0. You cannot, for example, program user-defined parameters for the FB, however you can use arithmetic functions, timers, or counters in your program from S7-GRAPH V5.1 onwards. FC70 uses the diagnostic functionality of SFC17/18 and can only be used on CPUs that have these functions available. If this is not the case with your CPU, you must use FC71 and do without the diagnostic capability or select "Full Code". FC72 FC72 provides the entire system functionality but can only be loaded on larger CPUs since it is 11 Kbytes in size. FC73 FC73 requires less than 8 Kbytes of memory. It can therefore run on all CPUs equipped with sufficient work memory resources for the S7-GRAPH sequencer (+ the remaining user program). If you use this FC, you can considerably reduce the memory requirements of the S7-GRAPH FBs in the same dialog by selecting the "Interface Description: Memory minimized" in the block settings. FC73 provides the functionality of S7-GRAPH V5.x. However, the following restrictions apply: The blocks created are not capable of diagnostics and only include status displays when you monitor the sequential control system if you click on the area of the permanent instructions or on the currently active transition.
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Saving and Compiling

8.4.4

Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Interface Description

The interface description decides how data for steps and transitions are created in the instance DB. The data can be stored as arrays (ARRAY) or structures (STRUCT) with more or less detailed information. Memory minimized The interface descriptions are stored in the instance DB as structures. A separate structure with detailed information is created for each step and each transition of the sequencer. This option reduces the memory requirements of your S7-GRAPH FB considerably. The blocks created are, however, not capable of diagnostics and only include status displays when you monitor the sequential control system if you click on the area of the permanent instructions or on the currently active transition. If you use this option, you must use the supplied FC75 standard block. Structure arrays: The step and transition descriptions are stored in the instance DB as arrays. This option reduces the memory requirements of your S7-GRAPH FB. The step names are, however, not stored. Symbolic addressing of other blocks is not possible in this case. Individual structures: The interface descriptions are stored in the instance DB as structures (STRUCT). These contain extremely detailed information about the steps and transitions. The blocks created have all the monitoring and diagnostic functions. The interface descriptions also include information about the step names so that you have the option of internal and external access using symbolic names. The instance DB can be evaluated both using direct access to the data or using the step and transition names. The structures increase the size of the instance DB but do not affect the performance when executing the sequencer. Interface Description - Download to PLC If you select this option, the interface description is also downloaded to the PLC when you download an FB with S7-GRAPH. This allows you to decompile the block on a programming device on which the suitable project structure is available.

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8.4.5

Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Sequencer Properties

Sequencer properties influence the way in which sequencers are operated. Criteria analysis data in the DB: This option is only required if you do not want to run process diagnostics with the SIMATIC standard applications ProTool/ProAgent. The data required for criteria analysis are written as additional information to the instance DB. They contain a compact form of the condition descriptions of the sequencer. Skip Steps If both the transition before a step and the transition after the step are valid at the same time, the step does not become active and is skipped. Acknowledge Errors If a supervision error occurs during operation (conditions of a supervision satisfied), this must be acknowledged with the input parameter "ACK_EF" to allow the controller to continue operation. This option is not available if you have selected the options "FB Parameters: Minimum". Synchronization (>= V4.x): Synchronization is a function of S7-GRAPH that finds possible synchronization points between the program and process when the sequencer is in the manual mode. In the manual mode, in particular, it is often useful to have all the interlocks executed permanently. Here, you can therefore select the permanent execution of interlocks. During operation, the status display (menu command Debug > Monitor) displays a missing interlock and with it the step that may have a disturbance. Lock operating mode selection: If you select this parameter, it is no longer possible to change the mode at a programming device or operator panel (for example in the "Control Sequencer" dialog box). Safe activation mode: When a step is activated, the system locates and deactivates all steps that cannot be active at the same time as the step being activated due to the sequencer structure. If, for example, a step is to be activated in an alternative branch, all steps in the other branch paths will be deactivated.

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Saving and Compiling

8.4.6

Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab: Warnings

During compilation, S7-GRAPH displays error messages and warnings in the "Compile/Decompile Messages" tab. The display of the warnings can be suppressed: None: Warnings occurring during compilation are not displayed. All: All warnings occurring during compilation are displayed in the "Feedback/Compiler messages" tab

8.4.7

Settings in the "Messages" Tab

Validity of the Settings

If you click this tab with the Options > Application Settings menu command, the settings apply to all newly created blocks. If you click this tab with the Options > Block Settings menu command, the settings apply to the currently open block.

Options in the "Messages" tab:

Message Handling None: Messages are not generated. Messages with WR_USMSG (SFC52): Here, you decide whether messages about interlock or supervision errors are entered in the diagnostic buffer. And then send: Click this check box, if you also want the messages sent to network nodes (for example OPs). Message with ALARM_SQ/ALARM_S (SFC17/SFC18): With this option, message numbers and step numbers are entered in the message memory of the CPU and sent from there to the registered nodes. To allow an operator panel to display the message text and possibly other information if a disturbance occurs, you must first create an OP project. The data for this are created by S7-GRAPH if you have selected the "Generate PDIAG Data" option in the "General" Tab (menu command Options > Application Settings). Interlock with acknowledgment If you click this check box, messages about interlock errors must be acknowledged. Supervision with acknowledgment If you click this check box, messages about supervision errors must be acknowledged.
-

The following entries are possible only in the "Application Settings" dialog box. They do, however, also apply to the current block.

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Create the Messages:

Interlock: An interlock message can be created as an event message or as an alarm message. Write a message text in the text field. This message text is entered in the OP project along with the diagnostic data. The text is extended dynamically by S7-GRAPH with current information. Supervision conditions: A supervision message can be created as an event message or alarm message. Write a message text in the text field. This message text is entered in the OP project along with the diagnostic data. The text is extended dynamically by S7-GRAPH with current information.

8.5

Saving

Calculating Memory Requirements Memory Requirements of a Full-Code FB

With the following formula, you can estimate how much space is required for an S7-GRAPH FB and instance DB in the work memory (n = number of steps). FB = 4900 Byte + n * 130 Byte DB = 270 Byte + n * 70 Byte The following conditions apply: The "with criteria analysis data" option is not selected in the "Compile" tab. Each step contains an average of 1.2 transitions, 1.5 actions and 0.8 time monitoring functions. Each transition contains an average of 3.5 conditions. If many more conditions were programmed per transition, interlock or supervision, the memory requirements can be considerably increased. Per condition, 10-12 bytes and per action 6-8 bytes are required. Complex access, actions with assignments or similar can also greatly increase the memory requirements. From this, it is clear that the maximum number of 250 steps is only theoretically possible.

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Saving and Compiling

Memory Requirements when Using FC70, FC71, FC72 or FC73

To save space, you can move the system functionality out to one of the supplied standard blocks. This reduces the size of every S7-GRAPH block by approximately 5000 bytes. The requirement of the standard block must, however, be added to this (once) (FC70 approx. 8200 bytes, FC71 approx. 7750 bytes, FC72 approx. 10700 bytes, FC73 approx. 8150 bytes). You can check which standard FC is suitable for your configuration in the table in the section "Using the Standard Function Blocks FC70, FC71, FC72 and FC73".

Memory requirements when using FC73

If you use FC73, you can considerably reduce the memory requirements of the S7-GRAPH FB. The "Full-Code" option is not available for this minimized memory model. The following restrictions also apply: The blocks created do not have diagnostic capability. When monitoring the sequential control system, you do not receive a status display for all processed conditions, but only for the selected condition.

With the following formula, you can estimate how much space is required for an S7-GRAPH FB and instance DB in the work memory (n = number of steps). FB = 150 Byte + n * 16 Byte DB = 236 Byte + n * 26 Byte Each programmed condition requires an additional 2-4 bytes, each action requires 6-8 bytes.

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Using Standard Function Blocks FC70, FC71, FC72, and FC73

The following table shows you which FC is suitable for your purposes. If your program is made up of several S7-GRAPH FB, it is advisable to use the same standard function for all FBs so that you do not need to load more than one standard FC on your CPU.
Full code Memory requirements Standard FC70 Standard FC71 Approx. 7750 bytes Standard FC72 Standard FC73 Approx. 10700 bytes Approx. 8150 bytes

Dependent on Approx. 8200 the number bytes and size of the sequencers No restriction arithm. functions, timers, and counters can only be used with S7-GRAPH V5.1 and higher

Restrictions in terms of the task

No user-defined parameters, arithm. functions, timers, and counters can only be used with S7-GRAPH V5.1 and higher, no messages with SFC17/SFC18 however messages can be sent with SFC52

No restriction

no messages can be sent and therefore no connection to process diagnostics no step activation time (.U) "Skip Steps" option not possible No user-specific step and transition numbering possible

Restrictions in terms of the CPU

less than 8 Kbytes and can be loaded on smaller CPUs. particularly suitable for small applications (for example 30 steps)

Can only be No restriction loaded on CPUs that have SFC17 and SFC18 (ALARM_S and ALARM_SQ).

Due to the 8 Kbyte limit, cannot be loaded on the following: all CPU 313 all CPU314 all CPU314 IFM CPU315-1 (up to version 1AF02)

no restrictions

CPU

no special Can only be No restriction requirements loaded on CPUs that have The 8 Kbyte limit must be SFC17 and SFC18 adhered to (ALARM_S and both for the FB and for the ALARM_SQ). (all S7-400 DB. CPUs and all newer S7-300 CPUs)

The CPU must No restriction be capable of loading blocks larger than 8 Kbytes (all S7-400 and S7-300 CPUs from Version 1AF03 / -2AF03 of the CPU315 onwards)

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Saving and Compiling

Saving an S7-GRAPH FB or an S7-GRAPH Source File

The following options are available when you save an open object (block or source file): 1. Select the menu command File > Save or click the "Save" button in the toolbar. The object is saved under its present name. 2. If you require a copy of the current object, select the menu command File > Save As. The "Save As" dialog appears which you can specify the object name and path of the copy. 3. If you select the menu command File > Close, the Close button or the menu command File > Exit and the modified object has not yet been saved, you will be prompted to decide whether or not you want to save or discard the modifications or cancel the Close command.

Caution If the sequencer still contains errors, it cannot be saved as an FB. As an alternative, you can save it as an S7-GRAPH source file in which you can continue to work. This allows you to eliminate the errors at a later point in time.

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8.6

Compiling
Compiling produces a program that can be understood by the CPU. During compilation, the syntax of the program is checked, the S7-GRAPH FB is created and, if required, the instance DB.

Requirements
Before an FB can be compiled, all the errors must be eliminated. You can have S7-GRAPH check your blocks as follows: Either run a consistency check prior to compilation or Compile more than once.

Methods for Compiling Sequencers

Running the consistency check By running the consistency check, you can detect syntax errors in your program without compiling it. You can use the consistency check both with an S7-GRAPH FB and with an S7-GRAPH source file. Automatic compilation on saving an S7-GRAPH FB If you program the sequencers in an S7-GRAPH FB, compiling is part of saving. Compiling an S7-GRAPH source file If you program the sequencers in an S7-GRAPH source file, you must start compilation explicitly. Eliminating errors after compilation or after the consistency check All errors that occurred during compilation are displayed in a message window following compilation. The message window is anchored to the work area and can be toggled on and off with a button in the toolbar.

Running a Consistency Check

Using a consistency check, you can find syntax errors in your program without compiling it. You can use the consistency check both with an S7-GRAPH FB and with an S7-GRAPH source file. 1. Select the menu command File > Consistency Check. Result: On completion of the consistency check, the number of errors found is displayed in the "Compile/Decompile Messages" tab and the errors are listed individually. 2. Correct the displayed errors.

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Saving and Compiling

Automatically Compiling on Saving an S7-GRAPH FB

If you program the sequencers in an S7-GRAPH FB, the FB is compiled when you save. 1. Select the menu command File > Save or click the corresponding button. The S7-GRAPH FB is automatically compiled and then saved. 2. Check the information in the "Compile/Decompile Messages" tab for errors and correct them. Save the FB again.

Caution If errors are indicated, S7-GRAPH has not created an FB. You must eliminate the errors before the S7-GRAPH FB can be saved.

Compiling an S7-GRAPH Source File

If you program your sequencers in an S7-GRAPH source file, you must start the compilation explicitly. 1. Select the menu command File > Compile or click the corresponding button. Result: An S7-GRAPH FB is created automatically from the source file. 2. Check the information in the "Compile/Decompile Messages" tab for errors and correct them. Then recompile your source file.

Caution If errors are indicated, S7-GRAPH has not created an FB. You must first eliminate the errors before you can compile the file into an FB.

Debugging after Compiling or after the Consistency Check

All the errors that occurred during compilation are displayed in the "Compile/Decompile" messages tab following compilation. This tab is part of the detailed window and can be displayed or hidden with the View > Details menu command. To eliminate the errors, follow the procedure below: 1. Locate the error in the program by double-clicking the error message in the message window. 2. Press the F1 key to obtain a description of the error and how to eliminate it. 3. Correct the sequencer or program as described. Other errors can be found with the menu commands Edit > Go To > Previous Error or Edit > Go To > Next Error.

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

9.1

Calling the S7-GRAPH FB in the S7 Program

Before a loaded S7-GRAPH FB can be executed on the CPU, it must be called in a block that is executed cyclically. This call can be in OB1 or in any other FB or FC called in OB1.
OB/FB/FC
(1)

FB i Comments for ...

(2)

DB i

(3)

CALL FBi,DBi INIT_SQ:=

S1 T1

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

9.2

Calling the S7-GRAPH FB

Program the logic block (for example OB1, FBn, ...), in which the S7-GRAPH FB will be called with one of the STEP 7 programming languages (for example LAD, FBD, STL, SCL): If you program in Statement List, use the CALL instruction. If you program in LAD/FBD, double-click the FB in the program elements catalog.

Note You only need to assign values to the parameters of the FB that you actually require during operation.

Example: Assignment of the FB for the inching mode

To call and operate the sequencer in the inching mode, you do not require all addresses. The following diagram shows the addresses that must be assigned when programming Ladder Logic. The FB was created with the standard parameter set.
DB Sequencer FB Sequencer BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL INT BOOL BOOL BOOL EN OFF_SQ INIT_SQ ACK_EF S_PREV S_NEXT SW_AUTO SW_TAP SW_MAN S_SEL S_ON S_OFF T_PUSH ENO S_NO S_MORE S_ACTIVE ERR_FLT AUTO_ON TAP_ON MAN_ON BOOL INT BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

9.3

Selecting an FB Parameter Set

The parameter set you select depends both on the intended use of the sequencer and on the available memory in the CPU. The size of the parameter set also determines the memory requirements for the S7-GRAPH FB and the corresponding instance DB.
Your task ... ... then use the parameter set Minimum Standard

You want to use your sequencer only in the automatic mode. You do not require any further control or monitoring functions.

You want to operate your sequencer in various modes. You also require feedback about the process and have the option of acknowledging messages. Apart from the options provided by the standard parameter set, you require further operator control and monitoring functions for service and commissioning. This parameter set applies to blocks as of version 4. Apart from the options provided by the standard parameter set, you require further operator control and monitoring functions for service and commissioning. This parameter set applies to blocks as of version 5x.

Maximum (as of V4)

User-specific/Maximum (as of V5x)

You can also modify existing parameter sets in the variable declaration window. You can, for example, delete unnecessary parameters from a standard parameter set. System parameters cannot be modified however you can define user-specific parameters to meet your requirements.

Caution Defined parameter names must not be used as step names (and vice-versa).

Setting the Parameter Set

1. Select the menu command Options > Block Settings and click the "Compile / Save" tab. 2. Select a setting for the "FB Parameters" entry.

Caution If you edit a user-defined parameter set and then select a standard parameter set later in this tab, you will lose the self-defined parameters.

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

9.4
Minimum BOOL BOOL

Parameter Sets of the FB

DB Sequencer FB Sequencer EN INIT_SQ ENO BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL INT BOOL BOOL BOOL EN OFF_SQ INIT_SQ ACK_EF S_PREV S_NEXT SW_AUTO SW_TAP SW_MAN S_SEL S_ON S_OFF T_PUSH Standard DB Sequencer FB Sequencer ENO S_NO S_MORE S_ACTIVE ERR_FLT AUTO_ON TAP_ON MAN_ON BOOL INT BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL

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Maximum <= V4 BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL INT BOOL BOOL BOOL EN

DB Sequencer FB Sequencer ENO

Maximum V5/ user-defined BOOL INT BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL (*) BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL INT BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL EN

DB Sequencer FB Sequencer ENO BOOL INT BOOL BOOL TIME TIME (*) DWORD (*) DWORD (*) WORD INT BOOL DWORD (*) DWORD (*) DWORD (*) BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL (*) BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL

S_NO OFF_SQ S_MORE INIT_SQ S_ACTIVE ACK_EF ERR_FLT HALT_SQ HALT_TM SQ_HALTED ZERO_OP TM_HALTED EN_IL OP_ZEROED EN_SV IL_ENABLED S_PREV SV_ENABLED S_NEXT AUTO_ON SW_AUTO TAP_ON SW_TAP MAN_ON SW_MAN S_SEL S_ON S_OFF T_PUSH

OFF_SQ S_NO INIT_SQ S_MORE ACK_EF S_ACTIVE REG_EF S_TIME ACK_S S_TIMEOK REG_S S_CRITLOC HALT_SQ S_CRITLOCERR HALT_TM S_CRITSUP ZERO_OP S_STATE EN_IL T_NO EN_SV T_MORE EN_ACKREQ T_CRIT EN_SSKIP T_CRITOLD DISP_SACT T_CRITFLT L DISP_SEF ERROR DISP_SALL FAULT S_PREV ERR_FLT S_NEXT SQ_ISOFF SW_AUTO SQ_HALTED SW_TAP TM_HALTED SW_TOP OP_ZEROED SW_MAN IL_ENABLED S_SEL SV_ENABLED S_SELOK ACKREQ_ENABLED S_ON SSKIP_ENABLED S_OFF SACT_DISP T_PREV SEF_DISP T_NEXT SALL_DISP T_PUSH AUTO_ON TAP_ON TOP_ON MAN_ON

Note: The parameters marked with (*) are not available for FC73

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

9.5

Input Parameters of the S7-GRAPH FB

The FB reacts to the rising edge of the input parameter (exception EN).

Parameter EN

Data Type BOOL

Description Controls execution of the FB (enable input). If EN is not connected, the FB is always executed.
OFF_SEQUENCE:

Min. !

Std. !

Max. !

Userdef. !

OFF_SQ

BOOL

Sequencer off, in other words deactivate all steps INIT_SQ ACK_EF BOOL BOOL
INIT_SEQUENCE:

! !

! !

! !

Activate initial steps (reset sequencer)

ACKNOWLEDGE_ERROR_FAULT:

Acknowledge all errors, force switching to next step REG_EF ACK_S REG_S HALT_SQ HALT_TM BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL
REGISTRATE_ERROR_FAULT:

! ! ! ! ! ! !

Register all errors and disturbances

ACKNOWLEDGE_STEP:

Acknowledge step indicated in S_NO

REGISTRATE_STEP:

Register step indicated in S_NO

HALT_SEQUENCE:

Stop/reactivate sequencer
HALT_TIMES:

Stop/reactivate all step activation times and time-dependent instructions (L and D) of the sequencer ZERO_OP BOOL
ZERO_OPERANDS:

Reset all addresses of the instructions N, D, L in active steps to zero and do not execute CALL instructions in actions/reactivate addresses and CALL instructions. EN_IL BOOL
ENABLE_INTERLOCKS:

Deactivate/reactivate interlocks (the sequencer behaves as if interlocks were satisfied) EN_SV BOOL
ENABLE_SUPERVISIONS:

Deactivate/reactivate supervision conditions (the sequencer behaves as if supervision conditions were not satisfied) EN_ACKREQ DISP_SACT DISP_SEF BOOL BOOL BOOL
ENABLE_ACKNOWLEDGE_REQUIRED:

! ! !

Activate mandatory acknowledgment

DISPLAY_ACTIVE_STEPS:

Display active steps only

DISPLAY_STEPS_WITH_ERROR_OR_FAULT:

Display steps with errors and disturbed steps only DISP_SALL BOOL
DISPLAY_ALL_STEPS:

Display all steps

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

Parameter S_PREV

Data Type BOOL

Description
PREVIOUS_STEP:

Min.

Std. !

Max. !

Userdef. !

Automatic mode: Pages back through the currently active steps. The step number is indicated in S_NO. Manual mode: Indicate previous step (next lower number) in S_NO. S_NEXT BOOL
NEXT_STEP:

Automatic mode: Page forwards through the currently active steps. The step number is indicated in S_NO. Manual mode: Indicates the number of the next step (next higher number) in S_NO. SW_AUTO BOOL
SWITCH_MODE_AUTOMATIC:

Mode change: Automatic mode: SW_TAP BOOL

SWITCH_MODE_TRANSITION_AND_PUSH:

Mode change: Inching mode ("semi-automatic") SW_TOP BOOL

SWITCH_MODE_TRANSITION_OR_PUSH:

Mode change: Automatic or switch to next SW_MAN BOOL

SWITCH_MODE_MANUAL:

Mode change: Manual mode (automatic execution is not triggered) S_SEL INT
STEP_SELECT:

Selects a specific step for the output parameter S_NO. Activate/deactivate in the manual mode with S_ON, S_OFF. S_SELOK S_ON S_OFF T_PREV T_NEXT BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL
STEP_SELECT_OK:

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Use value in S_SEL for S_NO

STEP_ON:

Manual mode: Activate the displayed step

STEP_OFF:

Manual mode: Deactivate the displayed step

PREVIOUS_TRANSITION:

Display previous valid transition in T_NO

NEXT_TRANSITION:

Display next valid transition in T_NO

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

Parameter T_PUSH

Data Type BOOL

Description
PUSH_TRANSITION:

Min.

Std. !

Max. !

Userdef. !

Transition passes control when the condition is satisfied and T_PUSH (edge) Requirement: Inching (SW_TAP) or automatic or step -by-step (SW_TOP) mode If the block is Version V4 (or earlier), the first valid transition switches. If the block is Version V5 and if the input parameter T_NO is specified, the transition whose number is displayed switches. Otherwise, the first valid transition switches. EN_SSKIP BOOL
ENABLE_STEP _SKIPPING:

Activate skip step

Parameter set: Min. = Minimum; Std. = Standard; Max. = Maximum; User-def. User-defined

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9.6
Parameter ENO

Output Parameters of the S7-GRAPH FB

Data Type BOOL Description Min. Std. ! Max. ! Userdef. !

Enable output. When the FB is active and ! no error has occurred, ENO has the value 1, otherwise 0
STEP_NUMBER

S_NO S_MORE

INT BOOL

! !

! !

! !

Display step number

MORE_STEPS:

Other steps exist and can be selected in S_NO S_ACTIVE S_TIME S_TIMEOK S_CRITLOC S_CRITLOC ERR S_CRITSUP S_STATE T_NO T_MORE BOOL TIME TIME DWORD DWORD DWORD WORD INT BOOL
STEP_ACTIVE

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Displayed step is active

STEP_TIME Step activation time STEP_TIME_OK:

No error in step activation time

STEP_CRITERIA

Interlock criteria bits

S_CRITERIA_IL_LAST_ERROR:

Interlock criteria bits for event L1

STEP_CRITERIA

Supervision criteria bits

STEP_STATE: Step state bits TRANSITION_NUMBER:

Valid transition number

MORE_TRANSITIONS:

Other valid transitions available for display T_CRIT T_CRITOLD T_CRITFLT ERROR FAULT ERR_FLT SQ_ISOFF SQ_HALTED TM_HALTED OP_ZEROED DWORD DWORD DWORD BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL
TRANSITION_CRITERIA:

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Transition criteria bits

T_CRITERIA_LAST_CYCLE:

Transition criteria bits from last cycle

T_CRITERIA_LAST_FAULT:

Transition criteria bits for event V1

INTERLOCK_ERROR:

Interlock error (any step)

SUPERVISION_FAULT:

Supervision error (any step)

IL_ERROR_OR_SV_FAULT:

Group disturbance
SEQUENCE_IS_OFF:

Sequencer idle (no step active)

SEQUENCE_IS_HALTED:

Sequencer stopped
TIMES_ARE_HALTED:

Timers stopped
OPERANDS_ARE_ZEROED:

Addresses reset
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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

Parameter IL_ENABLED SV_ENABLED ACKREQ_EN ABLED SSKIP_EN ABLED SACT_DISP SEF_DISP

Data Type BOOL BOOL BOOL

Description
INTERLOCK_IS_ENABLED:

Min.

Std.

Max. ! !

Userdef. ! ! !

Interlock enabled
SUPERVISION_IS_ENABLED:

Supervision enabled
ACKNOWLEDGE_REQUIRED_IS_ ENABLED:

Mandatory acknowledgment activated BOOL BOOL BOOL

STEP_SKIPPING_IS_ENABLED:

! ! !

Skip step activated

ACTIVE_STEPS _WERE_DISPLAYED:

Display active steps only in S_NO

STEPS_WITH_ERROR_FAULT_WERE_ DISPLAYED:

Display only steps with error and disturbed steps in S_NO SALL_DISP AUTO_ON TAP_ON TOP_ON MAN_ON BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL
ALL_STEPS_WERE_DISPLAYED:

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Display all steps in S_NO

AUTOMATIC_IS_ON:

Indicates the automatic mode

T_AND_PUSH_IS_ON:

Indicates the inching mode

T_OR_PUSH_IS_ON:

Display SW_TOP mode

MANUAL_IS_ON:

Indicates the manual mode Parameter set: Min. = Minimum; Std. = Standard; Max. = Maximum; User-def. = User-defined

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9.7

The Modes of the Sequential Control System

By selecting one of the four possible modes, you decide how the sequencer progresses from step to step. By setting suitable parameters for the S7-GRAPH FB, you can select the mode of the sequential control system as required. The following modes are available: Automatic Mode: In the automatic mode control passes to the next step when a transition is satisfied. Manual mode: In contrast to the automatic mode, in the manual mode, the next step in not enabled when the transition is satisfied. The steps are selected and deselected manually. Inching mode: The inching mode corresponds to the automatic mode with an additional step enabling condition. Not only must the transition be satisfied, but there must also be a rising edge at the T_PUSH parameter before control passes to the next step. Automatic or switch to next In the "automatic or step-by-step" mode, control is passed to the next step when the transition is satisfied or when there is a rising edge at the T_PUSH parameter.

Requirements for Operation in Different Modes

Automatic mode is the standard mode for sequencers. It is the default for all parameter sets of the S7-GRAPH FB. To be able to select a different mode, you must compile the S7-GRAPH FB with the standard, maximum or definable parameter set.

Selecting Modes
You select one of the four modes using the input parameters of the FB. Apply a rising edge to one of the following parameters to activate the corresponding mode. SW_AUTO (Automatic Mode) SW_MAN (Manual Mode) SW_TAP (Inching Mode) SW_TOP (Automatic or Switch to next)

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9.7.1

Automatic Mode (SW_AUTO)

In the automatic mode control passes to the next step when the transition is satisfied.

Input Parameters for the Automatic Mode

Parameters not listed are not mode-dependent.
Parameter OFF_SQ INIT_SQ ACK_EF S_PREV S_NEXT SW_TAP SW_MAN SW_TOP Data BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL Description Sequencer off; in other words, deactivate all steps Initialize sequencer, jump to initial step Acknowledge all errors, force switching to next step Pages back through the currently active steps. The step number is indicated in S_NO. Page forwards through the currently active steps. The step number is indicated in S_NO. Request inching mode Request manual mode Set automatic or switch to next mode

Output Parameters of the Automatic Mode

Parameter S_NO S_MORE S_ACTIVE ERR_FLT AUTO_ON TAP_ON MAN_ON TOP_ON Data INT BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL Description Displays the active step selected with S_PREV or S_NEXT Further active steps exist and can be selected in S_NO The step indicated in S_NO is active Error/disturbance occurred Automatic mode is active Inching mode is not active Manual mode is not active Automatic or switch to next mode is not activated

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

9.7.2

Manual mode (SW_MAN)

The manual mode is selected, for example, to test the sequencer. The manual mode is characterized as follows: 1. Next step not enabled when a transition is satisfied 2. Steps can be manually selected and deselected

Input Parameters of the Manual Mode

Parameters not listed are not mode-dependent.
Parameter OFF_SQ INIT_SQ ACK_EF S_PREV S_NEXT SW_AUTO SW_TAP SW_TOP S_SEL S_ON S_OFF Data BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL INT BOOL BOOL Description All steps are immediately deactivated, in other words "Sequencer Off" Initialize sequencer, jump to initial step Acknowledge all errors Indicate previous step in S_NO Indicate next step in S_NO Request the automatic mode Request inching mode Set automatic or switch to next mode Step number for step selection, indicated in S_NO following selection The step indicated in S_NO is activated The step indicated in S_NO is deactivated

Output Parameters of the Manual Mode

Parameter S_NO S_MORE S_ACTIVE ERR_FLT AUTO_ON TAP_ON MAN_ON TOP_ON Data INT BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL Description Step number, indicates the selected step Other steps exist and can be selected in S_NO. The step indicated in S_NO is active Error/disturbance occurred The automatic mode is not active Inching mode is not active The manual mode is active Automatic or switch to next mode is not activated

Caution The input parameters DISP_SACT, DISP_SEF, DISP_SALL influence the number of steps displayed at the S_NO parameter. In the manual mode, an unsuitable parameter assignment can mean that no step is displayed. If you want to display all the steps, set the DISP_SALL parameter to TRUE or delete the three input parameters DISP_SACT, DISP_SEF, DISP_SALL.

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

9.7.3

Inching mode (SW_TAP)

To install or test a system step by step, the inching mode can be very useful: The sequencer passes control when the transition is satisfied and there is an edge change from 0 to 1 at the parameter T_PUSH.

Input Parameters of the Inching Mode

Parameters not listed are not mode-dependent.
Parameter OFF_SQ INIT_SQ ACK_EF S_PREV S_NEXT SW_AUTO SW_MAN SW_TOP T_PUSH Data BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL Description All steps are immediately deactivated, in other words "Sequencer Off" Initialize sequencer, jump to initial step Acknowledge all errors As for automatic As for automatic Request the automatic mode Request manual mode Set automatic or switch to next mode The transition passes control when its conditions are satisfied and there is a rising edge at T_PUSH.

Output Parameters of the Inching Mode

Parameter S_NO S_MORE S_ACTIVE ERR_FLT AUTO_ON TAP_ON MAN_ON TOP_ON Data INT BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL Description Step number, indicates the selected step Further active steps exist and can be selected in S_NO The indicated step is active Error/disturbance occurred The automatic mode is not active The inching mode is active Manual mode is not active Automatic or switch to next mode is not activated

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

9.7.4

Automatic or Switch to Next Mode (SW_TOP)

For initial project start up or for testing a control system step-by-step, the "automatic or switch to next" mode can be extremely useful: The sequencer progresses when the Transition is satisfied or when there is an edge change from 0 to 1 at the parameter T_PUSH.

Input Parameters of the Automatic or Switch to next Mode

Parameters not listed are not mode-dependent.
Parameter OFF_SQ INIT_SQ ACK_EF S_PREV S_NEXT SW_AUTO SW_MAN SW_TAP T_PUSH Data BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL Description All steps are immediately deactivated, in other words "Sequencer Off" Initialize sequencer, jump to initial step Acknowledge all errors As for automatic As for automatic Request the automatic mode Request manual mode Request inching mode The transition passes control when there is a rising edge at T_PUSH regardless of whether the transition is satisfied.

Output Parameters of the Automatic or Switch to Next Mode

Parameter S_NO S_MORE S_ACTIVE ERR_FLT AUTO_ON TAP_ON MAN_ON TOP_ON Data INT BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL Description Step number, indicates the selected step Further active steps exist and can be indicated in S_NO The indicated step is active Error/disturbance occurred The automatic mode is not active Inching mode is not active Manual mode is not active Automatic or switch to next mode is activated

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S7-GRAPH FB Parameter Assignment and Call

9.7.5

Selecting a Step with S_SEL

1. Set the manual mode using the input parameter SW_MAN (edge change from 0 to 1). 2. Enter the number of the step you want to select using the input parameter S_SEL. If the S_SELOK parameter exists in the compilation model, you must confirm the adoption of the step number with the parameter. The step is then included in the display. 3. Activate the selected step with the input parameter S_ON (edge change from 0 to 1). If the sequencer has paths in simultaneous branches and you want to select more than one step, repeat steps 2. and 3.

9.7.6

Selecting a Step with S_PREV or S_NEXT

1. Depending on whether you want to page forwards or backwards, select a previous step (lower step number) with the input parameter S_PREV, select a later step (higher step number) with the input parameter S_NEXT.
-

2. Activate the selected step with the input parameter S_ON (edge change from 0 to 1).

Note Remember that this procedure can lead to somewhat longer reaction times.

9.7.7

Progressing to the next Step with T_PUSH

1. Set the inching mode using the input parameter SW_TAP or the automatic or step-by-step mode using the input parameter SW_TOP. 2. Apply an edge to the T_PUSH input parameter so that the transition switches. If you have set the SW_TAP parameter, the sequencer only progresses when the transition is satisfied. If you have set SW_TOP, the sequencer progresses even if the transition is not satisfied.

Caution If the block is Version V4 (or earlier), the first valid transition switches. If the block is Version V5 and if the input parameter T_NO is specified, the transition whose number is displayed switches. If there is no T_NO input parameter, the first valid transition switches.

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10

Downloading the S7-GRAPH-FB and Instance-DB

Downloading Blocks from the Programming Device to the CPU

10.1

Requirements for Downloading the S7-GRAPH FB to the CPU

To download the user program to the CPU, the following requirements must be met: There is a connection between the programming device and the programmable logic controller. The sequential control system consisting of the FB, instance DB and, for example, OB1 has been created. The S7-GRAPH FB was compiled free of errors. The instance DB for the S7-GRAPH FB has been created.
-

Whenever possible, download the S7-GRAPH block in the STOP mode since following downloading of the instance DB, the sequencer is automatically set to the initial state. The S7-GRAPH FB is called in a block (for example OB1) that is executed cyclically, and the block has already been downloaded to the CPU.

Download with instance DB:

If you select the option "Include Instance DB" in the "General" tab selected with the menu command Options > Application Settings , S7-GRAPH checks whether the instance DB has changed since it was last downloaded and whether it must be updated. The option "Download with instance DB" is selected when necessary in the "Download" dialog box. The instance DB must only be downloaded along with the FB to the CPU in this situation. Otherwise, S7-GRAPH does not check the loaded instance DB and leaves you to decide whether or not to transfer the instance DB again. The option "Download with Instance DB" is not selected in the "Download" dialog box.

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Downloading the S7-GRAPH-FB and Instance-DB

Download with Standard FC

If you select this option with the Options > Block Settings menu command in the "Compile / Save" tab, the system checks whether the specified standard FC already exists online on the CPU. If the FC does not exist, it is made available for downloading.

Turn off the sequencer before download

If this option is selected, the active structure element of the sequencer, the active transition or the active step is stopped when you download the program to the CPU. If the instance DB is downloaded as well, the function block starts at the initialization step. If the instance DB is not downloaded as well, the structural element active before the download is activated again on completion of the download.

Downloading to the CPU

To download the S7-GRAPH FB with its instance DB to the CPU, follow the steps outlined below: 1. With the FB open, click the menu command PLC > Download. The FB currently open in the working window is downloaded to the CPU. 2. Make the relevant entries and selections in the "Download" dialog box: If you have clicked "Include instance DB", the system automatically prepares the values according to the actual situation. You can change this default. If you have not clicked "Include instance DB", you yourself must decide whether or not the instance DB is downloaded as well. If the FB requires a standard FC, you can specify whether or not this FC is downloaded as well. If the FC already exists online, this option is deactivated.
-

3. If the blocks already exist on the CPU, confirm the prompt to overwrite the blocks.

Caution You should only download S7-GRAPH blocks in the RUN mode when the sequencer is in the initial state or in the OFF state. If you download the blocks the sequencer in a different state, when overwriting an old block, problems may occur in the synchronization of the sequencer with the process. For example, both latching and non-latching actions of the steps active at the time of downloading are not reset. If it is not possible to change the sequencer to the initial state or to the OFF state, deactivate all steps (for example using the "Control Sequencer" function) before you download the blocks to the CPU.

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Downloading the S7-GRAPH-FB and Instance-DB

10.2

Uploading Blocks from the CPU to the Programming Device

Requirements for Uploading Blocks to the Programming Device

To upload an FB from the CPU, there must be a connection between the programming device and the programmable controller.

Uploading from the CPU to the Programming Device

It is possible to upload blocks from the CPU using the SIMATIC Manager of STEP 7. The SIMATIC Manager decompiles the blocks to S7-GRAPH. You can then edit the sequential control system as described in Section 5. For more information about uploading from the CPU to the programming device, refer to the online help of the SIMATIC Manager. Remember that you can only decompile again to a PG that does not contain the project structure if you click the option "Interface Description - Download to PLC" in the "Compile/Save" tab of the "Block Settings" dialog box.

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Downloading the S7-GRAPH-FB and Instance-DB

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11

Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System

Using the Monitoring and Test Functions

The monitoring functions allow you to monitor and check a program while it is being executed on the CPU. This allows you to locate errors that were not indicated by the formal consistency check while you were writing the program or by the syntax check performed during compilation. These errors include the following: Programming errors, for example incorrectly set monitoring times in the supervision conditions Logical errors in the program structure, in other words the program steps and conditions do not match the actual process sequence you require.

Methods of Testing the Sequential Control System

S7-GRAPH provides you with a variety of methods with which you can test a sequential control system. These methods can be divided into the following classes: Monitoring the status information of the sequential control system With this function, you obtain a fast overview of the way in which the sequencers function. Controlling the sequencer Apart from controlling the sequencer using the programmed FB call, S7-GRAPH also provides a convenient dialog for the test mode. Synchronization Synchronization is an S7-GRAPH function with which the sequencer can be matched to the process. Extended test functions for monitoring the sequential control system By calling STEP 7 functions from within S7-GRAPH, you can obtain further, comprehensive information about the entire process.

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Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System

Requirements for Activating the Test Functions of S7-GRAPH

Before you can test an S7-GRAPH program, the following requirements must be met: 1. The PG must be connected online to the CPU. 2. The program was compiled without errors. 3. The S7-GRAPH FB must be called in a block that is executed cyclically (for example OB1). 4. The program (in other words FB, DB OB and, if applicable, standard FCs) must be loaded on the CPU. 5. The CPU must be in the RUN (read) mode or RUN-P (read and write) mode.

11.1
11.1.1

Monitoring and Test Functions in the S7-GRAPH

Monitoring the Status Information

Principle of the S7-GRAPH Monitoring Function

When you start the monitoring function, you also start the test mode for checking the sequential control system. The individual steps and conditions and the signal state of the addresses are displayed in different colors on the screen depending on the status. The step-by-step execution of the program can therefore be followed visually on the screen. Depending on the current state of the sequencer, the status is displayed for the following components: Steps and conditions Signal state of the addresses

Changing the Color Settings for the Status Display

You can select and set the required color for a particular status display individually using the menu command Options > Application Settings in the "Editor" tab of the "Application Settings" dialog box.

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Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System

Status Display for Steps and Conditions

The status of the following elements of the sequencer is shown in color: Steps: Active and disturbed steps are shown in different colors. Permanent conditions, transitions, interlocks and supervisions: The display indicates whether individual conditions are satisfied (for example a memory bit or an output). The display indicates whether a complete logic operation consisting of several conditions is satisfied, for example an OR operation. The display indicates whether the entire transition (T), interlock (C) or supervision (V) is satisfied.
Cond.1 Cond.2 The transition is not satisfied and does not Not satisfied Cond.1 satisfied Cond.2
-

The transition is satisfied and switches

satisfied

satisfied

Status Display for the Signal State of Addresses

In steps, the signal states of the programmed actions are displayed. The signal state of the addresses (for example inputs, outputs, memory bits) is determined by the actual query of the individual action. This means it is not purely a step-specific evaluation. Boolean addresses are displayed in this status display. The status values of other addresses are displayed in the details window in the "Addresses" tab. If there are block calls within the actions, there is no status display.
Step is active Signal state

S4
N S1 S S0 R Sequence of execution A 4.2 A 4.3 A 4.4 1 1 0

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Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System

11.1.2

Control Sequencer
Control Sequencer is a test function with which you can test the sequencer with S7-GRAPH in all modes. All the settings and entries for the dialog box have the same effect as the corresponding FB parameters. The entries in the "Sequencer Control" dialog box can be different from the settings you used to compile the sequencers. The dialog box settings have priority.

"Sequencer Control" Dialog Box

The "Sequencer Control" dialog box is used both as an output field that displays the current settings and at the same time as an input field in which you can change the current statusGlossStatus. If you acknowledge an error, initialize the sequencer or want to change a step in the manual mode, call the "Control Sequencer" dialog box with the menu command Debug > Control Sequencer. If you modify these settings in the dialog box, the originally selected settings are indicated in bold face so that you can return to the original setting at any time. To be able to make modifications, the mode selector on the CPU must be set to the RUN-P position.

11.1.3

Synchronization
S7-GRAPH helps you to locate possible synchronization points between the process and sequencer. A process is no longer synchronized when it is changed to a different statusGlossStatus manually. This can, for example, be the result when you change to the manual mode in which you can activate any step even if the previous transition is not satisfied. To be able to continue the process automatically and to locate possible synchronization points, you can start the Synchronization function. You can choose two different strategies for the synchronization: S7-GRAPH indicates all steps for which the previous transition is satisfied and the transition following the step is not satisfied.

Requirements
The sequencer is being controlled in the manual mode. You have selected your synchronization strategy in the "Application settings General" dialog box. The block is compiled with the option "Synchronization". You can find this option in the tab "Compile / Save" (menu command Options > Block settings).

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Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System

Starting Synchronization
To start synchronization: 1. Select the menu command Debug > Synchronization. S7-GRAPH now searches for all steps that meet the synchronization condition. All steps found are marked yellow. 2. Select one or more of these steps to be selected using the mouse pointer that changes to a crosshair. You can also select other steps that are not marked yellow.

Caution In a simultaneous branch, each path must contain a step to be activated.

3. Activate the selected steps with the "Activate" button. 4. Now switch the sequencer back to the automatic mode.

11.2

Test Functions of STEP 7

The following test functions are available for further analysis of the sequential control system. Please note, however, that not all the functions available provide information about an S7-GRAPH sequential control system: Monitor and Modify Variables Module Status Query the Operating Mode Evaluate CPU Messages Create Reference Data Create Process Diagnostics Data Check Block Consistency

These functions provide you with further methods of debugging and supply important information about the use of blocks and addresses. You can also select these test functions directly in the SIMATIC Manager.

Note If you require more detailed information about these topics, display the help texts relating to the menu commands in the SIMATIC Manager.

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Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System

Monitoring and Modifying Variables

With the menu command PLC > Monitor/Modify Variables, you can create a variable table and monitor and modify the signal states of addresses (for example input I2.3). The signal states to be monitored can be put together individually in the variable table by entering the required addresses in the displayed table.

Querying Module Information and the Operating Mode

With the menu command PLC > Module Information, you can obtain a variety of information about modules. As additional information on the sequential control system, the content of the diagnostic buffer and the current utilization of the work and load memory can be particularly interesting. You can, for example, find out the reasons for errors using the "Diagnostic Buffer" and "Stacks" tabs. With the menu command PLC > Operating Mode, you can query and modify the current mode of your CPU, for example restart.

Evaluating the Diagnostic Buffer

If you have set the option "Message with WR_USMSG (SFC52)" with the menu command Options > Block Settings in the "Messages" tab, S7-GRAPH enters the following messages in the diagnostic buffer: Interlock errors entering/leaving state Monitoring errors (execution errors) entering/leaving state

From the detailed information about the message, you can found out where the error occurred.
Details of event: 4 of 100 Graph 7 interlock error entered state Step 3 FB Number 7, DB Number 9 Event entering state Event ID: 16#9162

Evaluating the CPU Messages

In the SIMATIC Manager, you can use the menu command PLC > S7 Message to display event and alarm messages.

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Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System

Displaying Reference Data

To test the sequential control system, you can call up a variety of reference data. You create the reference data as follows: When you save the FB, reference data are created if you have selected this function in the "General" tab which you can display with the menu command Options > Application Settings. The "Generate Reference Data" option must be selected. With the menu command Options > Reference Data, the reference data are created when required. Following this, S7-GRAPH calls the STEP 7 dialog box to display the reference data.

The following table shows the information available:

List Cross-reference Program structure Content of the list Overview of the use of addresses in the memory areas I, Q, M, P, T, C and DB within the user program. Call hierarchy of the blocks within a user program and overview of the blocks used and their interdependencies. Shows the use of: List of unused addresses Inputs, outputs and memory bits Timers and counters

Reference list

Overview of all the symbols found in the symbol table but not used in the parts of the user program for which reference data exist. Overview of all the absolute addresses that are used in parts of the user program for which reference data exist but for which there is no symbol defined in the symbol table.

List of addresses without symbols

If the reference data "Program Structure" or "Cross-Reference List" are displayed, you can jump to the point in the user program at which a selected block or address is used with the menu command Edit > Go To > Location.

Generating and Updating Diagnostic Data

Diagnostic data are generated when you save the FB if you select the "Generate PDIAG Data" option in the "General" tab of the "Application Settings" dialog box. You must also select the "Message with ALARM_SQ/ALARM_S" option in the "Messages" tab of the "Block Settings" dialog box.

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Monitoring and Testing the Sequential Control System

Updating Diagnostic Data After Rewiring

If you have modified addresses in the SIMATIC manager using the menu command Rewire, and the addresses are also used by the sequencer, the corresponding diagnostic data are only updated when you open the corresponding S7-GRAPH FB again and save it.

Check Block Consistency

After you modify a block interface, you must adapt all blocks that call this block otherwise you might cause program inconsistencies and time stamp conflicts. You can call the STEP 7 "Check Block Consistency" function to initiate a global consistency check of all program changes in S7 blocks. This lets you to gain control over the effects of interface modifications at other blocks and to quickly eliminate errors. The function will automatically jump to the corresponding positions in the Editor if inconsistencies which could not be resolved automatically. There you can edit all relevant block elements until all inconsistencies are resolved. Procedure: Select the menu command Edit > Check Block Consistency. Further information on this function is found in the STEP 7 Help.

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Printing the Sequencer

12.1

Printing the Sequencer

Documenting the Program

After you have created the sequential control system, you can print it out at any time to create your documentation. The printout is either according to the settings or the content of the active window is printed. The display level and zoom factor set for the active window are taken into account in the printout. You can modify the page layout to suit your purposes and check it in the print preview. You can adapt the following: Display level and zoom factor Header and footer of the printed page Page format

Appearance of the Printout

If you have a multi-page printout, references to the adjacent pages are printed at the margins of the pages to allow better orientation. References to previous and following elements are also printed if, for example, consecutive steps or steps and transitions are split on two pages due to a form feed. To improve clarity, the start of a transition can be printed right-aligned and the action block left-aligned. There is adequate clearance between sequencer paths. Pages with no content are not printed.

Requirements for Printing

The S7-GRAPH print function will already be familiar to you from other Windows applications. Before you can print, the printer must be installed and initialized using the Windows Control Panel.

Appearance of the Printout

In the "Print" dialog box, you can select the content of the current printout. Current View: The view of the FB as selected in the working area is transferred to the printer. According to Settings: Regardless of the current display, the settings you made in the "Print" tab of the "Application Settings" dialog box are used.

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Printing the Sequencer

"Print" Tab, "Application Settings" Dialog Box

in the "Print" tab of the "Application Settings", you can specify the standard settings for printouts. You select the required settings by placing a check mark. You can include the following components in the printout: Sequencer view with / without conditions and actions Step view with / without address List, step comment and cross references Permanent instructions with / without address list Addresses Block properties Compiler options Variables

The active block can also be displayed in symbolic / absolute format or as a LAD/FBD block.

Creating the Headers and Footers in the SIMATIC Manager

To specify the header and footer lines for your documents, use the menu command File > Headers and Footers in the SIMATIC manager.

Selecting the Page Format

With the menu command File > Page Setup, you can select the page format you require for your printout. The format set in the SIMATIC Manager is taken as the default.

Checking the Current Block in the Print Preview

With the menu command File > Print Preview, you can check all the settings for the current block before you send the document to the printer. Editing is not possible in this view.

Starting the Print Job

You can start the print function in two ways in S7-GRAPH: Select the "Print" button in the toolbar. Select the menu command File > Print.

A dialog box is then opened in which you can select various print options such as the printer and number of copies. Confirm with OK to send the document to the printer.

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13

Overview of all Actions

S7-GRAPH uses the settings for the mnemonics (German or English) selected in the "Language" tab in the SIMATIC manager with the menu command Options > Customize.

13.1

Standard Actions with and without Interlock

These actions are executed each time the sequencer is run through.

Action Event Instruction N S R D Address Location Time Constant

Explanation

Address range

Q, I, M, D m.n Q, I, M, D m.n Q, I, M, D m.n Q, I, M, D m.n

When Schritt is active, the signal state of the address = 1. When the step is active, the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. When the step is active, the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. T#<const> n seconds after step activation the signal state of the address is 1 for the duration of the step activation. This does not apply if the step is active for a time shorter than n seconds.

0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7

L CALL

Q, I, M, D m.n FB, FC, SFB, SFC Block number

T#<const> If the step is active, the address has signal 0.0 to state 1 for n seconds. 65535.7 As long as the step is active, the specified block is called. As long as the step is active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the signal state of the address is 1. 0.0 to 65535.7

NC

Q, I, M, D m.n

SC

Q, I, M, D m.n

As long as the step is active and the 0.0 to condition (interlock) is satisfied, the 65535.7 address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. As long as the step is active and the 0.0 to condition (interlock) is satisfied, the 65535.7 address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. T#<const> n seconds after step activation and as long 0.0 to as the step is active and the condition 65535.7 (interlock) is satisfied, the signal state of the address is 1. If the step is not active, the signal state of the address is 0.

RC

Q, I, M, D m.n

DC

Q, I, M, D m.n

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Overview of all Actions

Action Event Instruction LC Address Location Time Constant

Explanation

Address range

Q, I, M, D m.n

T#<const> If the step is active and the condition 0.0 to (supervision) is satisfied, the address has 65535.7 the signal 1 for n seconds. If the step is not active, the address has signal 0. As long as the step is active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the specified block is called.

CALLC FB, FC, SFB, SFC

Block number

An instance DB is required with CALL[C] FB/SFB.

13.2

Event-Dependent Actions - with and without Interlock

These actions are executed once when the event occurs and the corresponding step is active. When the sequencer is run through after this, an event-dependent action is executed again only if the event reoccurs.

S1: Actions linked to a step becoming active

Action Event S1 S1 S1 S1 InAddress struction N S R Location Explanation Address range

Q, I, M, D m.n Q, I, M, D m.n

As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), the signal state of the address is 1. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), the specified block is called. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), step i is activated. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), step i is deactivated. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), all steps are deactivated except for the step in which the action is located.

0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7

Q, I, M, D m.n Block number I I

CALL FB, FC, SFB, SFC ON OFF OFF S S S_ALL

S1 S1 S1

i = step number i = step number

S1

NC

Q,I,M,D

m.n

As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the signal state of the address is 1. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1.

0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7

S1

SC

Q, I, M, D m.n

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Overview of all Actions

Action Event S1 InAddress struction RC Location

Explanation

Address range

Q, I, M, D m.n

As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. As soon as the step becomes active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the specified block is called. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, step i is activated. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, step i is deactivated. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, all steps are deactivated except for the step in which the action is located.

0.0 to 65535.7

S1

CALL FB, FC, C SFB, SFC ONC S

Block number I

S1

i = step number i = step number

S1

OFFC S

S1

OFFC S_ALL

S0: Actions linked to a step being deactivated

Action Event S0 S0 S0 S0 InAddress struction N S R Location Explanation Address range

Q, I, M, D m.n Q, I, M, D m.n Q, I, M, D m.n Block number I I

As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), the signal state of the address is 1. As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), the specified block is called.

0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7

CALL FB, FC, SFB, SFC ON OFF S S

S0 S0

As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), step i i = step is activated. number As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), step i i = step is also deactivated. number

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Overview of all Actions

V1: Actions linked to supervision errors entering the state

Action Event V1 InAddress struction N Q,I,M,D Location Explanation Address range

m.n

As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active, the signal state of the address is 1. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active, the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active, the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active, the specified block is called. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active, step i is activated. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active, step i is deactivated. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active, all steps are deactivated except for the step in which the action is located.

0.0 to 65535.7

V1

Q,I,M,D

m.n

0.0 to 65535.7

V1

Q,I,M,D

m.n

0.0 to 65535.7

V1

CALL FB, FC, SFB, SFC ON S

Block number I

V1

0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7

V1

OFF

V1

OFF

S_ALL

V1

NC

Q,I,M,D

Mn

As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the signal state of the address is 1. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0.

0.0 to 65535.7

V1

SC

Q,I,M,D

m.n

0.0 to 65535.7

V1

RC

Q,I,M,D

m.n

0.0 to 65535.7

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Overview of all Actions

Action Event V1 InAddress struction CALL FB, FC, C SFB, SFC ONC S Location

Explanation

Address range

Block number

As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the specified block is called. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, step i is activated. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, step i is deactivated. 0.0 to 65535.7

V1

V1

OFFC S

0.0 to 65535.7

V1

OFFC S_ALL

As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is 0.0 to active or a supervision error had been detected before 65535.7 the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, all steps are deactivated except for the step in which the action is located.

V0: Actions linked with supervision errors leaving the state

Action Event V0 InAddress Location struction N Q,I,M,D m.n As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is eliminated or acknowledged), the signal state of the address is 1. As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is eliminated or acknowledged), the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is eliminated or acknowledged), the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. Explanation Address range

0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7

V0

Q,I,M,D

m.n

V0

Q,I,M,D

m.n

V0

CALL FB, FC, SFB, SFC ON OFF S S I I As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is eliminated or acknowledged), step i is activated. As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is eliminated or acknowledged), step i is also deactivated. i = step number i = step number

V0 V0

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Overview of all Actions

L0: Actions linked with interlocks entering the state

Action Event L0 InAddress struction N Q,I,M,D Location Explanation Address range

m.n

As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied (enters state) when the step is active, the signal state of the address is 1.

0.0 to 65535.7

L0

Q,I,M,D

m.n

As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the 0.0 to step is active (enters state), the address is set to 1 and 65535.7 then remains set to 1. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the 0.0 to step is active (enters state), the address is set to 0 and 65535.7 then remains set to 0. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is active (enters state), the specified block is called. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is active (enters state), step i is activated. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is active (enters state), step i is deactivated. i = step number i = step number

L0

Q,I,M,D

m.n

L0

CALL FB, FC, SFB, SFC ON OFF S S

Block number I I

L0 L0

L1: Actions linked with interlocks leaving state

Action Event L1 InAddress struction N Q,I,M,D Location Explanation Address range

m.n

As soon as the interlock condition is no longer satisfied 0.0 to (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock 65535.7 condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the signal state of the address is 1. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the specified block is called. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, step i is activated. i = step number 0.0 to 65535.7

L1

Q,I,M,D

m.n

L1

Q,I,M,D m.n

0.0 to 65535.7

L1

CALL FB, FC, SFB, SFC

Block number

L1

ON

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Overview of all Actions

Action Event L1 InAddress struction OFF S Location

Explanation

Address range

As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, step i is also deactivated. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, all steps are deactivated except for the step in which the action is located.

i = step number

L1

OFF

S_ALL

A1: Actions linked to a message acknowledgment

Action EvInAddress ent struction A1 A1 A1 A1 N S R Q,I,M,D Q,I,M,D Q,I,M,D Explanation Location Address range

m.n m.n m.n Block number I I m.n

A1 A1 A1

CALL FB, FC, SFB, SFC ON S OFF NC S Q,I,M,D

If a message is acknowledged, the signal state of the address is 1 . As soon as a message is acknowledged, the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. As soon as a message is acknowledged, the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. As soon as a message is acknowledged, the specified block is called. As soon as a message is acknowledged, step i is activated. As soon as a message is acknowledged, step i is deactivated. As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the address has signal state 1. As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the specified block is called. As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, step i is activated. As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, step i is deactivated.

0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7

i = step number i = step number 0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7

A1

SC

Q,I,M,D

m.n

A1

RC

Q,I,M,D

m.n

A1

A1 A1

CALL FB, FC, C SFB, SFC ONC S OFFC S

Block number I I

i = step number i = step number

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Overview of all Actions

R1: Actions linked to setting a registration

Action EvInAddress ent struction R1 R1 R1 R1 N S R Q,I,M,D Q,I,M,D Q,I,M,D Explanation Location Address range

m.n m.n m.n Block number I I m.n

R1 R1 R1

CALL FB, FC, SFB, SFC ON S OFF NC S Q,I,M,D

As soon as a registration is set, the address has signal state = 1. As soon as a registration is set, the address is set to 1 and then remains set to 1. As soon as a registration is set, the address is set to 0 and then remains set to 0. As soon as a registration is set, the specified block is called. As soon as a registration is set, step i is activated.

0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7 0.0 to 65535.7

R1

SC

Q,I,M,D

m.n

R1

RC

Q,I,M,D

m.n

R1

R1 R1

CALL FB, FC, C SFB, SFC ONC S OFFC S

Block number I I

i = step number As soon as a registration is set, step i is deactivated. i = step number 0.0 to As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the signal state of the address is 65535.7 1. As soon as a registration is set and the condition 0.0 to (interlock) is satisfied, the address is set to 1 and then 65535.7 remains set to 1. 0.0 to As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the address is set to 0 and then 65535.7 remains set to 0. As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the specified block is called. As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, step i is activated. As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, step i is deactivated. i = step number i = step number

Address D: Format: DBi.DBXm.n (i = block number, m = byte address, n = bit address) For CALL[C] FB/SFB, an instance DB is required.

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Overview of all Actions

13.3

Counters in Actions
These actions are executed once when the event occurs and the corresponding step is active. When the sequencer is run through after this, an event-dependent action is executed again only if the event reoccurs.

S1: Counters in actions linked with activation of a step

Action Event S1 Instruction CS Address Location Explanation Address range

C <initial counter value>

As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), the initial counter value is loaded in the counter.

x = counter number

S1 S1 S1 S1

CU CD CR CSC

C C C C <initial counter value>

X X X X

As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), the counter is incremented by 1. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), the counter is decremented by 1. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), the counter is reset to 0. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the initial counter value is loaded in the counter.

x = counter number x = counter number x = counter number x = counter number

S1

CUC

As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) x = counter and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter number is incremented by 1. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) x = counter and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter number is decremented by 1. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) x = counter and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter number is reset to 0.

S1

CDC

S1

CRC

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Overview of all Actions

S0: Counters in actions linked with deactivation of a step

Action Event S0 Instruction CS Address Location Explanation Address range

C <initial counter value>

As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), the initial counter value is loaded in the counter.

x = counter number

S0 S0 S0

CU CD CR

C C C

X X X

As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), the counter is incremented by 1. As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), the counter is decremented by 1. As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), the counter is reset to 0.

x = counter number x = counter number x = counter number

L1: Counters in actions linked with interlocks leaving state

Action Event L1 Instruction CS Address Location Explanation Address range

C <initial counter value>

As soon as the interlock condition is no longer x = counter satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if number the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the initial counter value is loaded in the counter. As soon as the interlock condition is no longer x = counter satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if number the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the counter is incremented by 1. As soon as the interlock condition is no longer x = counter satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if number the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the counter is decremented by 1. As soon as the interlock condition is no longer x = counter satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if number the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the counter is reset to 0.

L1

CU

L1

CD

L1

CR

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Overview of all Actions

L0: Counters in actions linked with interlocks entering state

Action Event L0 Instruction CS Address Location Explanation Address range

C <initial counter value>

As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is active (enters state), the initial counter value is loaded in the counter. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is active (enters state), the counter is incremented by 1. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is active (enters state), the counter is decremented by 1.

x = counter number

L0

CU

x = counter number x = counter number

L0

CD

L0

CR

As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when x = counter the step is active (enters state), the counter is reset number to 0.

V1: Counters in actions linked to supervision errors entering the state

Action Event V1 Instruction CS Address Location Explanation Address range

C <initial counter value>

As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step x = counter is active or a supervision error had been detected number before the step became active, the initial counter value is loaded in the counter. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step x = counter is active or a supervision error had been detected number before the step became active, the counter is incremented by 1. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step x = counter is active or a supervision error had been detected number before the step became active, the counter is decremented by 1. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step x = counter is active or a supervision error had been detected number before the step became active, the counter is reset to 0. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step x = counter is active or a supervision error had been detected number before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the initial counter value is loaded in the counter. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step x = counter is active or a supervision error had been detected number before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter is incremented by 1.

V1

CU

V1

CD

V1

CR

V1

CSC

C <initial counter value>

V1

CUC

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Overview of all Actions

Action Event V1 Instruction CDC Address Location

Explanation

Address range

As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step x = counter is active or a supervision error had been detected number before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter is decremented by 1. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step x = counter is active or a supervision error had been detected number before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter is reset to 0.

V1

CRC

V0: Counters in actions linked to supervision errors leaving the state

Action Event V0 Instruction CS Address Location Explanation Address range

C <initial counter value>

As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is eliminated or acknowledged), the initial counter value is loaded in the counter. As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is eliminated or acknowledged), the counter is incremented by 1. As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is eliminated or acknowledged), the counter is decremented by 1.

x = counter number

V0

CU

x = counter number x = counter number

V0

CD

V0

CR

As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is x = counter eliminated or acknowledged), the counter is reset to number 0.

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Overview of all Actions

A1: Counters in actions linked with a message acknowledgment

Action Event A1 Instruction CS Address Location Explanation Address range

C <initial counter value>

As soon as a message is acknowledged), the initial x = counter number counter value is loaded in the counter.

A1 A1 A1 A1

CU CD CR CSC

C C C C <initial counter value>

X X X X

As soon as a message is acknowledged, the counter is incremented by 1. As soon as a message is acknowledged, the counter is decremented by 1. As soon as a message is acknowledged, the counter is reset to 0. As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the initial counter value is loaded in the counter. As soon a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter is incremented by 1. As soon a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter is decremented by 1.

x = counter number x = counter number x = counter number x = counter number

A1

CUC

x = counter number x = counter number

A1

CDC

A1

CRC

As soon as a message is acknowledged and the x = counter condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter is reset number to 0.

R1: Counters in actions linked to setting a registration

Action EvInent struction R1 CS Explanation Address Location Address range

R1 R1 R1 R1

CU CD CR CSC

C <initial counter value> C C C C <initial counter value>

As soon as a registration is set, the initial counter value is loaded in the counter.

x = counter number

X X X X

As soon as a registration is set, the counter is incremented by 1. As soon as a registration is set, the counter is decremented by 1. As soon as a registration is set, the counter is reset to 0. As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the initial counter value is loaded in the counter.

x = counter number x = counter number x = counter number x = counter number

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Overview of all Actions

Action EvInent struction R1 CUC

Explanation Address Location

Address range

R1

CDC

R1

CRC

As soon a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter is incremented by 1. As soon a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter is decremented by 1. As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the counter is reset to 0.

x = counter number x = counter number x = counter number

13.4

Timers in Actions
These actions are executed once when the event occurs and the corresponding step is active. When the sequencer is run through after this, an event-dependent action is executed again only if the event reoccurs.

S1: Timers in actions linked with activation of a step

Action Event S1 Explanation Instruction Address Location Address range

TL

T <time>

S1

TD

T <time>

S1

TR

S1

TLC

T <time>

S1

TDC

T <time>

S1

TRC

As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0. As soon as the step becomes active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. As soon as the step becomes active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as the step becomes active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0.

x = no. of timer

x = no. of timer

x = no. of timer x = no. of timer

x = no. of timer

x = no. of timer

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Overview of all Actions

S0: Timers in actions linked with deactivation of a step

Action Event S0 Instruction TL Address Location Explanation Address range

T <time>

As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state) x = no. the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit of timer (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state) x = no. the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit of timer (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state) the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0. x = no. of timer

S0

TD

T <time>

S0

TR

L1: Timers in Actions linked with interlocks leaving state

Action Event L1 Explanation Instruction TL Address Location Address range

T <time>

L1

TD

T <time>

L1

TR

As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when the step is no longer satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0.

x = no. of timer

x = no. of timer

x = no. of timer

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Overview of all Actions

L0: Timers in actions linked with interlocks entering state

Action Event L0 Instruction TL Address Location Explanation Address range

T <time>

As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when x = no. the step is active (enters state), the timer starts. of timer For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when x = no. the step is active (enters state), the timer starts. of timer For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied when x = no. the step is active (enters state), the timer stops. of timer Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0.

L0

TD

T <time>

L0

TR

V1: Timers in actions linked to supervision errors entering the state

Action Event V1 Instruction TL Address Location Explanation Address range

T <time>

As soon as a supervision error occurs while the x = no. step is active or a supervision error had been of timer detected before the step became active, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the x = no. step is active or a supervision error had been of timer detected before the step became active, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active, the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. x = no. of timer

V1

TD

T <time>

V1

TR

V1

TLC

T <time>

x = no. of timer

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Overview of all Actions

Action Event V1 Instruction TDC Address Location

Explanation

Address range

T <time>

As soon as a supervision error occurs while the x = no. step is active or a supervision error had been of timer detected before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0. x = no. of timer

V1

TRC

V0: Timers in Actions linked to supervision errors leaving the state

Action Event V0 Instruction TL Address Location Explanation Address range

T <time>

As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is x = no. eliminated or acknowledged), the timer starts. For of timer the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is x = no. eliminated or acknowledged), the timer starts. For of timer the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is eliminated or acknowledged), the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0. x = no. of timer

V0

TD

T <time>

V0

TR

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Overview of all Actions

A1: Timers in actions linked with a message acknowledgment

Action Event A1 Instruction TL Address Location Explanation Address range

T <time>

As soon as a message is acknowledged, the timer x = no. starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of of timer the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. As soon as a message is acknowledged, the timer x = no. starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of of timer the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as a message is acknowledged, the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0. As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. x = no. of timer x = no. of timer

A1

TD

T <time>

A1

TR

A1

TLC

T <time>

A1

TDC

T <time>

As soon as a message is acknowledged and the x = no. condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer starts. of timer For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0. x = no. of timer

A1

TRC

R1: Timers in actions linked to setting a registration

Action Event R1 Explanation Instruction TL Address Location Address range

T <time>

R1

TD

T <time>

R1

TR

As soon as a registration is set, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. As soon as a registration is set, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as a registration is set, the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0.

x = no. of timer

x = no. of timer

x = no. of timer

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Overview of all Actions

Action Event R1

Explanation Instruction TLC Address Location

Address range

T <time>

R1

TDC

T <time>

R1

TRC

As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 1, when the time elapses, it is reset to 0. As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer starts. For the specified time, the timer bit (status of the timer) is set to 0, when the time elapses, it is set to 1. As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the timer stops. Timer bit (status of the timer) and timer value are reset to 0.

x = no. of timer

x = no. of timer

x = no. of timer

13.5

Arithmetic in Actions
These actions are either executed in every cycle in which the relevant step is active or once when the relevant event occurs.

Action EvInent struction -N

Explanation Assignment

--

NC

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As long as the step is active, the arithmetic is executed.

As long as the step is active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the arithmetic is executed.

S1: Arithmetic in actions linked with activation of a step

Action Event S1 Instruction N Assignment Explanation

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as the step becomes active (enters state), the arithmetic is executed.

S1

NC

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as the step becomes active (enters state) and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the arithmetic is executed.

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Overview of all Actions

S0: Arithmetic in actions linked with deactivation of a step

Action Event S0 Instruction N Assignment Explanation

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as the step is deactivated (leaves state), the arithmetic is executed.

L1: Arithmetic in Actions linked with interlocks leaving state

Action Event L1 Instruction N Assignment Explanation

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as the interlock condition is no longer satisfied (leaves state) while the step is active or if the interlock condition is not satisfied when the step becomes active, the arithmetic is executed.

L0: Arithmetic in Actions linked with interlocks entering state

Action Event L0 Instruction N Assignment Explanation

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as the interlock condition is satisfied (enters state) when the step is active, the arithmetic is executed.

V1: Arithmetic in actions linked to supervision errors entering the state

Action Event V1 Instruction N Assignment Explanation

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active, the arithmetic is executed. As soon as a supervision error occurs while the step is active or a supervision error had been detected before the step became active and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the arithmetic is executed.

V1

NC

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

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Overview of all Actions

V0: Arithmetic in actions linked to supervision errors leaving the state

Action Event V0 Instruction N Assignment Explanation

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as a supervision error leaves the state (is eliminated or acknowledged), the arithmetic is executed.

A1:Arithmetic in actions linked with a message acknowledgment

Action Event A1 Instruction N Assignment Explanation

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as a message is acknowledged, the arithmetic is executed.

A1

NC

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as a message is acknowledged and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the arithmetic is executed.

R1: Arithmetic in actions linked to setting a registration

Action Event R1 Instruction N Assignment Explanation

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as a registration is set, the arithmetic is executed.

R1

NC

A:=B A:=func(B) A:=B<operator>C

As soon as a registration is set and the condition (interlock) is satisfied, the arithmetic is executed.

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Overview of all Actions

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14

Configuration Instructions

Introduction
To automate your sequential control system with S7-GRAPH, in addition to the functions for the automatic mode, a range of further functions is also available. Before you can use the S7-GRAPH functions, you must make sure that certain conditions are met. To make it easier for you to get used to S7-GRAPH, the most important points are summarized in this chapter in the form of brief configuration instructions. The following aspects are dealt with: Which general structures exist and how do these affect the program structure of the sequencer? What is important when programming and using sequencers? How are operator interface systems connected?

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Configuration Instructions

14.1

General Level and Program Structure

Level Structure Based on the Example of a Manufacturing Cell

When using S7-GRAPH, remember that the sequencer is designed primarily to configure sequential processes clearly and simply. Apart from these sequences with which, for example, the parts of a manufacturing unit can be coordinated, additional higher-level functions (cell level) and lower-level functions (function or unit level) are also required. The sequencer programmed with S7-GRAPH belongs to the coordination level, but must take into account the interdependencies from the cell level and the unit level.

General Cell level

Enable operation Modes

Station 1: Insert Coordination level

Turn Insert, weld

Station n: Save

Save, remove

Utilities Function or unit level

Turntable Pneumatics Hydraulics Centere r Clamp Coolant Motor memory Conveyor belt

The individual levels have the following significance: Cell level The cell level encompasses functions with a central or wider reaching significance, for example preparations for enabling operation and modes. The blocks at the cell level provide signals that are relevant for all blocks of the coordination and unit level in this cell. Coordination level The coordination level includes various coordination functions, for example for the automatic mode and retraction following a break in operation. For each station, at least one sequencer is required for coordination at this level. Unit level The unit level includes functions for activating individual units of equipment, for example motors and valves. This includes all the lower-level functions, for example interlocks and supervision conditions independent of the sequencer and direct manual intervention in the operation of the units.

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Configuration Instructions

Specifying the Program Structure and Incorporating the Sequencer

For each sequencer, S7-GRAPH creates an FB with its instance DB. This S7-GRAPH FB must be called in a block (for example OB, FB or FC). Since other programs are normally required along with the programs created by S7-GRAPH, it is usually the best policy to call all the FBs created by F7 Graph in one block (FC or FB) as shown in the following example.

OB 1 (cyclic)

Modes General functions Release operation

Station n Save Sequencers Station 1 Turn Station 1 Insert, weld Unit station n Unit station 1 Manual mode, Interlocks Hydraulics Pneumatics

Poss. robot interface

The various functions at the individual levels are executed cyclically in the order in which they are called: The sequencers are preceded by the central, higher-level functions of the cell level. The various sequencers for the individual stations are called by an FB "Sequencers" that is called in OB1. The program sections for manual mode, the interlocks and permanent monitoring functions for the units follow the sequencers. If the manufacturing cell includes robots, program sections for supplying and clearing robot interface are also required.

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Configuration Instructions

Enabling Operation
In production facilities, utilities such as hydraulic and pneumatic systems are often required and the functions of all other units depend on them being available. It therefore makes sense to turn on the hydraulic and pneumatic systems centrally after turning on the machinery and to generate ready signals for the other blocks. The following diagram is an example of how general operation of the system can be enabled in S7-GRAPH.
S1 Init "Controlpow_ok" CMP Init.U MD6 "Hydraulic_ok" "Pneumatic_ok" S2 Con... T2 Trans2 S3 Uni... "Central_start" T3 Trans3 S4 Pro... "Emer_off" T4 "Door_ closed" Trans4 S5 Pro... "Acknowledge" T5 Trans5 S2 "Hydraulic_ok" T6 "Pneumatic_ok" Trans6 No_Process_enabled Process_enabled N "Unit_ready" N "Process_enabled" Unit_ready N "Unit_ready" >=D
T1 Trans1 T5 T6

Init R "Unit_ready" R "Process_enabled"

Controller_on N "Controller_on"

S2

After turning on the controller, step 1 (initial step) is activated using the INIT_SQ parameter and the signals Unit_ready and Process_enabled are reset. After a specified minimum waiting time, step 2 turns on the hydraulic and pneumatic units dependent on the signal Controlpow_ok (control voltage OK) using the Controller_on action. After the feedback indicating that the hydraulic and pneumatic systems are OK, step 3 outputs the message Unit_ready (to various recipients including the central controller).

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Configuration Instructions

Triggered by the signal "Central_start" (start main console of the production equipment), step 4 sets the unit to the ready state and enables automatic execution. With "Emer_off" or loss of the signal "Door_closed", the change to step 5 cancels the Process_enabled. If this is acknowledged, there is a jump to step 2. If a step enabling condition from one of the power systems is canceled while the Process_enabled (step 4) is active, the enable signals are also canceled with the change to step 2. Once the step enabling conditions ("OK_Signal") of the power systems are present again, Central_start can return the unit to the enabled state again. The signals "Controller_on", "Unit_ready" and "Process_enabled" are sent to the other blocks and the central controller. The "Unit_ready" signal also enables the mode selection in the mode block. The "Process_enabled" signal enables the automatic mode.

Handling Modes
Depending on the situation, the user requires different modes for the system and machinery. In unlinked manufacturing cells, for example in body work assembly, these are the modes: Automatic Inching, in other words a variant of the automatic mode with a stop after each process step Automatic or switch to next; in other words the automatic mode with an additional step enabling condition Manual/setup, in other words direct influence on the units or functions

The modes, however, do not have the same effects at all levels. The following overview lists the modes and their effects at the coordination level and unit level (motors, valves etc.).
Mode Automatic Inching Effect at the coordination level Sequencer passes control to next step when the transition is satisfied. The sequencer passes control to the next step when the transition is satisfied and the "Inching" button signal enables the next step. Effect at the unit level Enabling of the drive by the sequencer Enabling of the drive by the sequencer

Automatic or The sequencer progresses when the transition is Enabling of the drive by the sequencer step satisfied or the "Inching" button signal enables the next step. by step mode Manual or setup Enabling of next step suppressed, the status of the Drive enabled by direction buttons sequencer has no effect at the unit level.

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Configuration Instructions

Representing the Mode in the Sequencer

If, for example, a selector switch on the control panel supplies the signals automatic, inching, and manual as individual single signals, only relatively simple logic is required to derive the mode signals for the sequencers and for the underlying drives of the units as shown in principle in the following diagram.

Mode selector Mode setting Process enable Autom.

Inching

FB sequencer n

& & & & >1 _

Seq_Auto Seq_Inch

SW_AUTO SW_TAP SW_MAN

FB sequencer 1 SW_AUTO SW_TAP SW_MAN

Manual

>1 _

Seq_Man

Unit_Hand Unit_Auto

FB unit group n Automatic Manual

FB unit group 1 Automatic manual

The modes selected at the console are passed on to the sequencers when Process_enabled is active. If Process_enabled is not set, the modes of the sequencers are switched to SW_MAN and step enabling is suppressed. In the automatic or inching modes, the automatic mode is set for the unit functions. The manual mode is passed on directly. If there is no process_enabled, both modes are reset and the process is stopped. The functions of the unit groups are represented in an FB created with LAD/FBD or STL.

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Configuration Instructions

Handling the Interlocks and Manual Control in the Manual Mode

In S7-GRAPH, the sequencer controls the functions for the automatic mode. The functions for the manual mode required over and above those of the automatic mode are included in a separate FB. Using action bits (for example Carr_fwd) the sequencer is connected to the interlock and manual control.

FB sequencer S4
Spind_on S Mot_on

S5

Execute S N KM_on Carr_fwd

FB interlock/manual control
Cnd1 Cnd2 Cnd3 Cnd4 Carr_fwd Autom. Man Btn_fwd Enable_fwd

&

( )

& _1 > &

Enable_fwd Valve1_fwd

&

( )

The permanent monitoring functions required for the units can be programmed with S7 PDIAG. Depending on the requirements, the supervision conditions can be formulated so that they are effective both in the automatic and manual modes or specific supervision conditions are programmed for the automatic mode and for the manual mode.

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Configuration Instructions

14.2

Points to Note about Programming Sequencers

Initialization
The sequencer is initialized using the INIT_SQ parameter. If this changes to "1", all steps marked as initial steps are activated. All other steps are deactivated. After turning on the controller, the sequencer is in the same mode as it was when the controller was turned off, in other words if the controller was in the SW_AUTO mode before it was turned off, it will be in this mode when it is turned on again. If you want to avoid this, the sequencer must be set to the required mode (for example SW_MAN) explicitly when it is turned on, for example using the initialization signal. If the status of the process (system or machine) does not correspond to the initial state of the sequencer, you can deal with this in two ways: The process is, for example, changed to the initial state by a command. If you want to change the process to the initial state, it is usually advisable to create a separate sequencer for this purpose. The sequencer must be synchronized with the process state using the synchronize function, in other words, the sequencer must be set to the current part of the process.

Which method you use depends on the type of process.

Interlocks
In S7-GRAPH, interlocks can be defined for each step. All actions that are executed depending on a condition are only activated when the interlock conditions are satisfied. If the interlock conditions are not satisfied when the step is active, an error message is sent to the console (for example operator panel). The error is cleared when the interlock conditions are satisfied.

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Configuration Instructions

Supervisions
In S7-GRAPH, monitoring conditions can be defined in the form of supervisions for each step. The most common supervision condition is the execution time of the actions. If the supervision condition is satisfied, in other words an error has occurred, an error message is sent to the console (for example operator panel). Such errors are acknowledged via the ACK_EF parameter. The compilation settings (menu command Options > Block Settings) decide whether an acknowledgment is be required when an S7-GRAPH FB is created. Compilation options "Acknowledge Errors" checked: The error is cleared only when an acknowledgment signal is sent and the supervision is no longer satisfied or when an acknowledgment signal is sent and the successor transition is satisfied. If time monitoring was programmed with Si.U, the acknowledgment signal resets the monitoring time so that the supervision condition is no longer satisfied. Compilation options "Acknowledge Errors" not checked: The error is cleared when the supervision conditions are no longer satisfied.

Caution If the step enabling condition is satisfied during the acknowledgment cycle, the next step is enabled. Please remember that the supervisions defined in the sequencer are specific to a particular step and only monitor the execute time of the relevant actions. If, for example, a motor is turned on in step 1, the run-up time can be monitored in step 1. Once this step is deactivated, the motor is no longer monitored in the sequencer. If you want the motor to be monitored permanently and independent of the sequencer, this must implemented at the underlying unit level.

Abort Situations
Abort situations occur when an "immediate stop" or "emergency off" is set due to a critical situation or when a fault occurs in units. In these situations, the following operations are carried out: The sequencers are stopped by switching to SW_MAN. At the unit level, the output signals are deactivated by resetting the automatic enable.

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Configuration Instructions

Synchronization
Synchronization of the sequencer with the state of the process or machine is required at least in the following situations: Case 1: A program change in the installation and startup phase meant that the instance DB had to be regenerated. Case 2: In the manual mode, units were controlled manually so that the state of the sequencer no longer corresponds to the state of the process or machine. Following a manual intervention, and depending on the process, the automatic mode must be resumed starting at the current state of the system or machine; in other words, the current position of the sequencer must be adapted to the process (synchronized).

In Case 1, the menu command Debug > Control Sequencer can be used in the manual mode to set and reset steps directly when working on the programming device so that the state that existed before the program change can be set. In Case 2, synchronization can be achieved directly working on the programming device. Synchronization then involves the following steps: 1. Select the menu command Options > Block Settings and make sure that the "Synchronization" option is selected in the "Compile/Save" tab. 2. Select the menu command Debug > Synchronization. Result: All transition and interlock conditions are detected. The subsequent evaluation shows which steps are located between a satisfied and non-satisfied transition. All steps found are displayed yellow. 3. Click all the steps you want to select with the mouse pointer that changes to a cross-hair. 4. Select the steps with the "Activate" button. In principle, you can also synchronize using a console (for example operator panel). This is possible when permanent execution of transitions and interlock conditions is triggered at the console and the results are displayed and required steps can be activated on the console. Program-controlled synchronization is also possible, when, for example a button signal brings about a change from the initial step to synchronization in a "Synchronization" step in which process state transitions leaving the state are evaluated. Using jump commands, the sequencer can then jump to the suitable step.

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Configuration Instructions

Modifications during Installation and Commissioning

If changes are made to the sequencer structure during installation and commissioning, for example a step is added, deleted, or renumbered or a transition is deleted or added, a new instance DB is created when you compile the sequencer. Downloading the instance DB to the PLC has the same effect as initialization with the INIT_SQ input, in other words all initial steps are active and all other steps are inactive. The actions are, however, not automatically invalidated. Download the instance DB only in the manual mode to avoid errors that can occur when the data are overwritten. Using the menu command Debug > Control Sequencer, you can reset the sequencer to the process state that applied before the modification was made.

Caution With the menu command Debug > Control Sequencer, you can change the mode of the sequencer directly in S7-GRAPH. If the sequencer and underlying monitoring/manual functions are supplied with parameters as described in Handling Modes, this means that the mode of the sequencer no longer matches the underlying function. If you want to prevent this, the mode change triggered on the programming device can be disabled. The following diagram illustrates the principle.

FB sequencer
Autom. & &

Inch

SW_AUTO SW_TAP SW_MAN

AUTO_ON TAP_ON MAN_ON

Man

&

With this logic, the sequencer is reset to the state set by the signals automatic/inching/manual after one cycle.

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Configuration Instructions

14.3

Linking to Operator Control and Monitoring Systems

The task of a machine or system is to produce. During normal operation, the display of the process state is normally unimportant. The situation is different when the process is disturbed. In this case it is important to be able to recognize an eliminate the cause as quickly as possible. With the monitoring and interlock functions in S7-GRAPH and with the standardized diagnostic interfaces, this requirement is met ideally. The following diagram shows the interaction between a programming device with S7-GRAPH, the programmable logic controller, and the operator panel.

PG
S7 Graph FB sequencer S4 Spind_On S Mot_Ein Execute S KM_on N Carr_fwd

OP
ProTool with ProAgent

S5

OP project

FB/DB

Diagnostic data

PLC
FB/DB

SFC 17/18

Message memory Message frame Message no., step no.

Creating Diagnostic Data

When you compile a sequencer, you can decide whether diagnostic data should also be created in addition to the FB/DB providing the "message with ALARM_SQ/ALARM_S" option is selected. The diagnostic data contains the structure data of a sequencer and can be linked into a corresponding OP project using ProAgent.

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Configuration Instructions

This makes the following functions possible on the operator panel: Display of the current state of the sequencer with current sequencer names and step names Display of a disturbed step (step number and name) Display of the cause of a disturbance, in other words: If a supervision error occurs: Display of the missing step enabling condition If an interlock error occurs: Display of the missing interlock condition.
-

If you have modified addresses in the SIMATIC manager using the Rewire menu command, and the addresses are also used by the sequencer, the corresponding diagnostic data are only updated when you open the corresponding S7-GRAPH FB again and save it.

Creating Messages
To display disturbances on, for example, an operator panel, you must click the option "Message with ALARM_SQ/ALARM_S (SFC17/SFC18) in the "Messages" tab that you can display with the menu command Options > Block Settings. If this option is selected, a message is entered in the message memory of the CPU by the selected SFC and automatically transferred to the operator panels. The message frame contains not only the automatically assigned message number but also the current step number so that the operator panel can display the corresponding texts and depending on the display, the corresponding conditions. Apart from the message, a group error bit is also set that is displayed on the operator panel depending on the display. The following displays are available on the operator panel for the sequencer: Overview level All units are displayed with their current step. Each sequencer block represents such a unit. If a sequencer has a disturbance, this line is marked by . I f this line is selected, you can change directly to the detailed display level with a function key. Message display level The current message with the date and time is displayed. You can change directly to the detailed display from this level. Detailed display The network affected is displayed in Ladder Logic or statement list representation and the missing conditions are marked. In the display, you also have the option of displaying the entire network or the reduced network containing only the conditions affected. This is particularly useful with more extensive logic operations.

Note If you use the standard FC71, you do not require the SFC17/SFC18 blocks. Messages are, however, processed using SFC52 ("WR_USMSG"). If you use the standard FC73, no messages are generated due to the minimized memory configuration.

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Configuration Instructions

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15

Instance DB
Each S7-GRAPH FB is assigned an instance data block that can be understood as representing the memory of the FB. It contains the data belonging to the sequencer, in other words all the data and parameters required to execute the FB: All the FB parameters of the selected FB parameter set step-transition description (for example current or last activation time of a step with and without disturbance times; indicator whether or not a step is active).

The data are entered automatically.

15.1

Settings for the Instance DB

Include Instance DB
To create the instance DB automatically after compiling an error-free FB, click the option "Include Instance DB" in the "General" tab (menu command Options > Application Settings). If you select this option, whenever you compile or download the block, S7-GRAPH checks whether it is necessary to create or update the instance DB and takes whatever action is necessary.

Interface Description
In the "Save/Compile" tab, there are three possible settings for the interface description of the instance DB: Memory minimized (as of V5.1) The interface descriptions are stored in the instance DB as structures. A separate structure with the essential information is created for each step and each transition of the sequencer. This option reduces the memory requirements of your S7-GRAPH FB considerably. The blocks created do not, however, have diagnostic capability. When you monitor the sequential control system, you see the status display for conditions for the active step only. If you use this option, you must use the supplied FC75 standard block.

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Instance DB

Using Standard Function Blocks FC70, FC71, FC72 and FC73 Structure Arrays The interface descriptions are stored in the instance DB as fields (ARRAYs). This option optimizes the memory requirements of your S7-GRAPH function block. The step names are, however, not stored. Symbolic addressing of other blocks is not possible in this case. Individual Structures The interface descriptions are stored in the instance DB as structures (STRUCT). A separate structure with detailed information is created for each step and each transition of the sequencer. This is a convenient method allowing internal and external access using symbolic names. The instance DB can be evaluated both using direct access to the data or using the step and transition names. The structures increase the size of the instance DB but do not affect the performance when executing the sequencer.

15.2

Assignment of Instance DB and S7-GRAPH FB

In general, S7-GRAPH makes an automatic DB assignment for blocks. If the DB with the same number as the FB does not yet exist or the DB and FB match, the DB is automatically assigned. In all other cases (even when compiling source files), you must enter the number of the DB. Follow the steps outlined below: Select the menu command File > Modify/Adapt Instance DB Number and enter a new DB name in the dialog box that is opened. An instance DB matching the FB is created.

Proposed DB Number when First Compiling a Source File

When an instance DB is created the first time (either automatically or manually), S7-GRAPH proposes a DB number in a dialog box that is the same as the number of the current FB. If your function block, for example, is called "FB6", S7-GRAPH proposes "DB6". You can either accept the proposed DB name or click the "Select" button and specify a different DB name or a different path.

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Instance DB

15.3

Automatic Creation of the Instance DB on Saving

If you have set the option "Include Instance DB" in the "General" tab that you display with the menu command Options > Block Settings , follow the steps below: Program the S7-GRAPH FB and select the menu command File > Save. Result: The S7-GRAPH FB is saved and the instance DB is created.

Caution The data block must not be created manually or deleted if you have set the option "message with ALARM_SQ / ALARM_S (SFC17 / SFC18)" in the "Messages" tab (menu command Options > Block Settings) otherwise messages can be lost. The instance data block is then included automatically.

15.4

Creating the Instance DB Later

If you have not selected the option "Include Instance DB" in the "General" tab, follow the steps below: 1. Program the S7-GRAPH FB and select the menu command File > Save. 2. If the S7-GRAPH FB was compiled free of errors, select the menu command File > Create Instance DB. Result: A new instance DB is created or the selected instance DB is overwritten.

15.5

Displaying and Printing the Content of the Instance DB

To display and print the content of the instance DB, follow the steps outlined below: 1. While in the SIMATIC Manager, open the DB in the relevant user program by double-clicking it. 2. Select the menu command View > Data View in the LAD/STL/FBD editor. 3. To print the content of the instance DB, select the menu command File > Print.

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Instance DB

15.6

Accessing the Instance DB

You can access the instance DB internally, in other words within the S7-GRAPH FB (for example as an action linked to an event) or externally, in other words outside the S7-GRAPH FB (for example linked to a different block).

Access to the Data of the Instance DB

You can access the instance DB with STEP 7 tools. We strongly advise, however, that you do not edit the DB.

15.7

Structure of an Instance DB
The structure of the instance DB depends on the settings you make in the "Compile / Save" tab (menu command Options > Block Settings ). The following factors affect the content and the size. 1. The parameter set selected for the FB 2. The interface description for the data belonging to steps and transitions (memory minimized/structure arrays/individual structures). The data are entered automatically. 3. The option of entering criteria analysis data. 4. Number and size of user-defined variables

15.8

Outline of the Structure of the Instance DB

The following table illustrates the divisions within the instance DB.

Area FB parameters

Identifier Names of the input and output parameters of the S7-GRAPH FB

Length Depends on the selected parameter set: 2 bytes: minimum 10 bytes: Standard/Maximum Individual: Maximum V5/User-def. 16 bytes (number of transitions) 16 bytes 32 bytes (number of steps) 32 bytes -

Reserved work area Transitions Reserved work area Steps Sequencer status Internal work area

G7T_0 Transition name (for example Trans1, Trans2) G7S_0 step name (for example Step1, Step2) -

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15.9

FB Parameters
The FB parameters are located in the instance DB. The space required by the FB parameters depends on the setting (minimum, standard, maximum or user-defined parameter set) made in the "Compile / Save" tab selected with the menu command Options > Block Settings . (If, for example, the minimum parameter set is selected, INIT_SQ is the only parameter displayed). The following table shows the maximum parameter set V5 (definable).

Parameter OFF_SQ INIT_SQ ACK_EF

Description
OFF_SEQUENCE:

Data Type BOOL BOOL BOOL

Read int. yes yes yes

Write int. Read Ext. no no no yes yes yes

Write Ext. no no no

Turn off the sequencer

INIT_SEQUENCE:

Initialize sequencer
ACKNOWLEDGE_ERROR_FAULT:

Acknowledge all errors, force switching to next step REG_EF ACK_S

REGISTRATE_ERROR_FAULT:

BOOL BOOL

yes yes

no no

yes yes

no no

Register all errors and disturbances

ACKNOWLEDGE_STEP

Acknowledge step displayed in S_NO REG_S HALT_SQ HALT_TM

REGISTRATE_STEP

BOOL BOOL BOOL

yes yes yes

no no no

yes yes yes

no no no

Register step displayed in S_NO

HALT_SEQUENCE

Stop/reactivate sequencer
HALT_TIMES:

Stop/reactivate all step activation times and time-dependent instructions (L and D) of the sequencer ZERO_OP
ZERO_OPERANDS:

BOOL

yes

no

yes

no

Reset all addresses of the instructions N, D, L in active steps to zero and do not execute CALL instructions in actions/reactivate addresses and CALL instructions. EN_IL EN_SV EN_ACKREQ
ENABLE_INTERLOCKS:

BOOL BOOL BOOL

yes yes yes

no no no

yes yes yes

no no no

Deactivate/reactivate interlocks
ENABLE_SUPERVISIONS:

Deactivate/reactivate supervisions
ENABLE_ACKNOWLEDGE_ REQUIRED:

Activate mandatory acknowledgment EN_SSKIP DISP_SACT DISP_SEF

ENABLE_STEP _SKIPPING:

BOOL BOOL BOOL

yes yes yes

no no no

yes yes yes

no no no

Activate skip step

DISPLAY_ACTIVE_STEPS:

Display active steps only

DISPLAY_STEPS_WITH_ERROR_ OR_FAULT:

Display steps with errors and disturbed steps only

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Instance DB

Parameter DISP_SALL S_PREV

Description
DISPLAY_ALL_STEPS:

Data Type BOOL BOOL

Read int. yes yes

Write int. Read Ext. no no yes yes

Write Ext. no no

Display all steps

PREVIOUS_STEP:

Automatic mode: Indicate previous simultaneously active steps in S_NO Manual mode: Indicate previous step (next lower number) S_NEXT
NEXT_STEP:

BOOL

yes

no

yes

no

Automatic mode: Indicate next simultaneously active step in S_NO manual mode: Indicate next step (next higher number) SW_AUTO SW_TAP
SWITCH_MODE_AUTOMATIC:

BOOL BOOL

yes yes

no no

yes yes

no no

Mode changer: Automatic mode

SWITCH_MODE_TRANSITION_AND _PUSH:

Mode changer: Inching mode ("semiautomatic") SW_TOP

SWITCH_MODE_TRANSITION_OR_PU BOOL SH:

yes

no

yes

no

Mode change: Automatic or switch to next SW_MAN

SWITCH_MODE_MANUAL:

BOOL

yes

no

yes

no

Mode changer: Manual mode, no triggering of automatic execution S_SEL

STEP_SELECT:

INT

yes

no

yes

no

Selects a specific step for the output parameter S_NO. Activate/deactivate in the manual mode with S_ON, S_OFF. S_SELOK S_ON
STEP_SELECT_OK:

BOOL BOOL

yes yes

no no

yes yes

no no

Use value in S_SEL for S_NO

STEP_ON:

Manual mode: Activate indicated step S_OFF

STEP_OFF:

BOOL

yes

no

yes

no

Manual mode: Deactivate the displayed step T_PREV

PREVIOUS_TRANSITION:

BOOL

yes

no

yes

no

Display previous valid transition in T_NO T_NEXT T_PUSH

NEXT_TRANSITION:

BOOL BOOL

yes yes

no no

yes yes

no no

Display next valid transition in T_NO

PUSH_TRANSITION:

Transition passes control when the condition is satisfied and there is a rising edge at T_PUSH; condition: Inching mode (SW_TAP) S_NO
STEP_NUMBER

INT

yes

no

yes

no

Display step number

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Parameter S_MORE

Description
MORE_STEPS:

Data Type BOOL

Read int. yes

Write int. Read Ext. no yes

Write Ext. no

Further active steps can be selected in S_NO S_ACTIVE S_TIME S_TIMEOK S_CRITLOC S_CRITLOC ERR S_CRITSUP S_STATE T_NO T_MORE
STEP_ACTIVE

BOOL TIME TIME

yes yes yes

no no no no no no no no no

yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

no no no no no no no no no

Displayed step is active

STEP_TIME Step activation time STEP_TIME_OK:

No error in step activation time

STEP_CRITERIA_INTERLOCK

DWORD yes DWORD yes DWORD yes WORD INT BOOL yes yes yes

Interlock criteria bits

S_CRITERIA_IL_LAST_ERROR:

Interlock criteria bits for event L1

STEP_CRITERIA_SUPERVISION:

Supervision criteria bits

STEP_STATE: Step state bits TRANSITION_NUMBER:

Valid transition number

MORE_TRANSITIONS:

Other valid transitions available for display T_CRIT T_CRITOLD T_CRITFLT ERROR FAULT ERR_FLT SQ_ISOFF SQ_HALTED TM_HALTED OP_ZEROED IL_ENABLED
TRANSITION_CRITERIA:

DWORD yes DWORD yes DWORD yes BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

no no no no no no no no no no no no no

yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

no no no no no no no no no no no no no

Transition criteria bits

T_CRITERIA_LAST_CYCLE:

Transition criteria bits from last cycle

T_CRITERIA_LAST_FAULT:

Transition criteria bits for event V1

INTERLOCK_ERROR:

Interlock error (any step)

SUPERVISION_FAULT:

Supervision error (any step)

IL_ERROR_OR_SV_FAULT:

Group disturbance
SEQUENCE_IS_OFF:

Sequencer off
SEQUENCE_IS_HALTED:

Sequencer stopped
TIMES_ARE_HALTED:

Timers stopped
OPERANDS_ARE_ZEROED:

Addresses reset
INTERLOCK_IS_ENABLED:

Interlocks not deactivated SV_ENABLED SUPERVISION_IS_ENABLED: Supervisions not deactivated ACKREQ_EN ABLED
ACKNOWLEDGE_REQUIRED_IS_ ENABLED:

Mandatory acknowledgment activated

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Instance DB

Parameter SSKIP_EN ABLED SACT_DISP SEF_DISP

Description
STEP_SKIPPING_IS_ENABLED:

Data Type BOOL BOOL

Read int. yes yes yes

Write int. Read Ext. no no no yes yes yes

Write Ext. no no no

Skip step activated

ACTIVE_STEPS_WERE_DISPLAYED

Display list with active steps only

STEPS_WITH_ERROR_FAULT_WERE_ BOOL DISPLAYED:

Display list only with steps with error and disturbed steps SALL_DISP AUTO_ON TAP_ON TOP_ON MAN_ON
ALL_STEPS_WERE_DISPLAYED:

BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL

yes yes yes yes yes

no no no no no

yes yes yes yes yes

no no no no no

Display list with all steps

AUTOMATIC_IS_ON:

Indicates the automatic mode

T_AND_PUSH_IS_ON:

Indicates the inching mode

T_OR_PUSH_IS_ON:

Display SW_TOP mode

MANUAL_IS_ON:

Indicates the manual mode

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Instance DB

15.10

The Transition Structure

A structure with the following parameters is created in the instance DB for every transition located in the sequencer of the S7-GRAPH FB:

Component TV TT TS CF_IV TNO

Description

Data Type BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL INT DWORD

Read int. yes yes yes yes no yes

Write int. no no no no no no

Read Ext. yes yes yes yes yes yes

Write Ext. no no no no no no

Transition is valid Transition is satisfied Transition switches The CRIT_FLT entry is invalid Indicates the user-defined transition number CRIT Status of the maximum 32 LAD/FBD elements of the transition in the current processing cycle CRIT_OLD Status of the maximum 32 LAD/FBD elements of the transition in the previous processing cycle CRIT_FLT Copy of CRIT if an error occurs

DWORD

yes

no

yes

no

DWORD

yes

no

yes

no

"Memory minimized" Option

If you set the "Memory minimized" option, an array with the structures of the transitions is created analogous to the "Structure fields" option. Only the Boolean components TV, TT, TS are stored as structure elements. The internal and external accesses are also the same as with the "Structure fields" option.

"Structure arrays" Option

If you have selected the "Structure arrays" option, an array containing the structures of the transitions is created.
Array Name G7T Length in Bytes (number of transitions) 16

Internal access uses the transition number followed by the name of the structural element. This means that the following access is possible in conditions or actions: T003.TT T017.CRIT

External access uses only the array element followed by the name of the structural element. Caution: The array index is the internal transition number and not the number assigned by the user. G7T[1].TT G7T[3].CRIT

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Instance DB

"Individual structures" Option

If you have selected the "Individual Structures" option, the structures of the transitions are entered as separate sections in the instance DB, one after the other as follows:
Structure Name <Aktionen_Transition> ... <ASCII_Transition> 16 Length in Bytes 16

Internal access uses the transition number or the transition name followed by the name of the structural element. This means that the following access is possible in conditions or actions: T003.TT T017.CRIT VALVE_ON.TT

External access uses only the transition name (structure name) followed by the name of the structural element. VALVE_ON.TT VALVE_ON.CRIT

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Instance DB

15.11

The Step Structure

A structure with the following components is created in the instance DB for every step of the sequencer in the S7-GRAPH FB, as follows:

Component Description S1 L1 V1 R1 A1 S0 L0 V0 X LA VA RA AA SS LS Step is activated interlock leaving state Supervision entering state Reserved Error is acknowledged Step is deactivated Interlock entering state Supervision leaving state Step is active Interlock is not satisfied Supervision active Reserved Reserved System-internal Direct result of the programmed interlock VS Direct result of the programmed supervision SNO User step number T Total step activation time U Step activation time without disturbance CRIT_LOC Status of the maximum 32 LAD/FBD elements in the interlock in the current processing cycle CRIT_LOC_ Copy of CRIT_LOC when the ERR interlock leaves the state CRIT_SUP Status of the maximum 32 LAD/FBD elements in the supervision in the current processing cycle. SM System-internal LP System-internal LN System-internal VP System-internal VN System-internal H_IL_ERR System-internal H_SV_FLT System-internal RESERVED Reserve

Data Type BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL INT TIME TIME DWORD

Read int. yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes yes no yes yes yes

Write int. no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no

Read Ext. yes yes yes no yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes yes yes yes yes yes

Write Ext. no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no

DWORD DWORD

yes yes

no no

yes yes

no no

BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BYTE BYTE DWORD

no no no no no no no no

no no no no no no no no

no no no no no no no no

no no no no no no no no

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Instance DB

"Structure arrays" Option

If you selected the "Structure arrays" option, a field with the structures of the steps is generated, as follows:
Array Name G7S Length in Bytes (number of steps) 32

Internal access uses the step number followed by the name of the structural element. This means that the following access is possible in conditions or actions: S003.X S017.T

External access uses only the array element followed by the name of the structural element. Caution: The array index is the internal step number and not the number assigned by the user. G7S[1].X G7S[3].T

"Memory minimized" Option

If you set the "Memory minimized" option, an array with the structures of the steps is created analogous to the "Structure fields" option. Only the Boolean components and the step activation time T are stored as structure elements. The internal and external accesses are also the same as with the "Structure fields" option.

"Individual structures" Option

If you selected the "Individual Structures" option, the structures of the steps are entered in the instance DB as separate sections, as follows:
Structure Name <Step1> ... <Stepn> Length in Bytes 32 32

Internal access uses the step number or the step name followed by the name of the structural element. This means that the following access is possible in conditions or actions: S003.X S017.T DRY.X

External access uses only the step name (structure name) followed by the name of the structural element, as follows: DRY.X DRY.T

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Instance DB

15.12

Sequencer Status
The sequencer status area consists of several components (arrays or structures) containing information about the status of the sequencer, as follows: Permanent Instructions Component Index Arrays Component Mode Component (Mode of Operation, MOP) Activation Time Component Group Bits Component

The sequencer status area starts at the address: a = FB parameter length + transition array length(s)+step array length(s).

Permanent Instructions
This component of the sequencer status area describes the permanent instructions that can be programmed before or after the sequencer. The component is omitted if no permanent instructions are programmed.
Name PRE_CRIT Description Status of the permanent instruction preceding the sequencer Status of the permanent instructions following the sequencer Data type DWORD Length Read int. 0-n no Write int. no Read Ext. yes Write Ext. no

POST_CRIT

DWORD

0-n

no

no

yes

no

PRE_CNT

Number of permanent WORD instructions preceding the sequencer Number of permanent instructions after the sequencer WORD

no

no

yes

no

POST_CNT

no

no

yes

no

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Instance DB

Index Arrays
The first component of the sequencer status area contains the index arrays for managing the internal step and transition numbers.
Index Name Description TVX TTX TSX S00X SOFFX SONX SAX SERRX SMX S0X S1X Array of valid transitions Array of satisfied transitions Array of switching transitions Data Type BYTE BYTE BYTE Length in Read Bytes int. <intern> <intern> <intern> <intern> <intern> <intern> <intern> no no no no no no no Write int. Read Ext. no no no no no no no no no no no no yes yes yes no no no yes yes no no no yes Write Ext. no no no no no no no no no no no no

Array of steps to be BYTE deactivated (second last cycle) Array_1 of the steps to be deactivated Array_1 of the steps to be activated Array of active steps Array of disturbed steps Array of marked steps Array_2 of the steps to be deactivated Array_2 of the steps to be activated BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE

S_CNT+2 no S_CNT+2 no S_CNT+2 no S_CNT+2 no 2 yes

S_DISPLAY Copy of the output parameter INT S_NO (can also be evaluated if the minimum parameter set option is selected) S_SEL_OLD System-internal S_DISPIDX T_DISPIDX System-internal System-internal INT BYTE BYTE

2 1 1

no no no

no no no

no no no

no no no

Length of the Index Arrays

The length of the index arrays TVX to S1X is obtained as follows: l = (maximum number of elements) + 2 The index arrays are structured as follows:
Array[0] Array[1] - Array[n-2] Array[n-1] = = = Index of the first free position in the array Entries 0 (indicates the end of the array)

New entries are added at the end. When entries are removed, the array is shifted together. This means that, for example, in the array of active steps (SAX), the step that is active longest has the lowest index.

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Instance DB

Modes
The next component in the sequencer status area describes the modes, in other words the state or mode change and codes. A structure with the following elements is created:
Name AUTO MAN TAP TOP ACK_S REG_S T_PREV T_NEXT LOCK SUP ACKREQ SSKIP OFF INIT HALT TMS_HALT OPS_ZERO SACT_DISP SEF_DISP SALL_DISP S_PREV Description Change to the automatic mode Change to the manual mode Change to the inching mode Change to the automatic or switch to next mode Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Activate/deactivate interlock processing Activate/deactivate supervision processing Reserved Reserved Deactivate sequencer Activate initial steps Stop/continue sequencer Stop/continue timers Deactivate/activate actions Reserved Reserved Reserved Automatic mode: Indicate previous simultaneously active step in S_NO Manual mode: Indicate next lower step number S_NEXT Automatic mode: Indicate next simultaneously active step in S_NO Manual mode: Indicate next higher step number S_SELOK S_ON S_OFF T_PUSH Reserved Manual mode: Activate the displayed step Manual mode: Deactivate the displayed step Mode: Inching Transition passes control when the satisfied condition is accepted with T_PUSH REG Reserved BOOL no no no no BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL no yes yes yes no yes yes yes no yes yes yes no yes yes yes BOOL yes yes yes yes Data Type BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL Read int. yes yes yes yes no no no no yes yes no no yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes Write int. yes yes yes yes no no no no yes yes no no yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes Read Ext. yes yes yes yes no no no no yes yes no no yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes Write Ext. yes yes yes yes no no no no yes yes no no yes yes yes yes yes no no no yes

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Instance DB

Name ACK IL_PERM T_PERM ILP_MAN

Description Acknowledgment of a disturbance Permanent interlock processing Permanent transition processing Permanent interlock processing in manual mode

Data Type BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL

Read int. yes yes yes yes

Write int. yes yes yes yes

Read Ext. yes yes yes yes

Write Ext. yes yes yes yes

Indicating the Modes

The modes component is saved in the instance DB as follows:
Structure Name MOPEDGE MOP Description System-internal Changing modes and indicators Length in Bytes 4 4

Example:
By setting MOP.MAN once, the mode changes to MANUAL. This can be set either controlled by the program (for example action in the sequencer) or by the PG function "Modify Variable" or using an operator panel.

Activation Time
The following component consists of a structure containing information about the activation time calculation. This is only evaluated internally by the system.
Structure Name TICKS Description System-internal Length in Bytes 12

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Instance DB

Group Bits
The last component of a sequencer status area contains group bits that monitor the internal sequencer status. A structure is created as follows for these group bits:
Name ERR_FLT ERROR FAULT RT_FAIL NO_SNO NF_OFL SA_OFL TV_OFL MSG_OFL NO_SWI CYC_OP AS_MSG AS_SEND SQ_BUSY SA_BUSY AS_SIG Description Group disturbance interlock error Supervision error Group indication: Runtime error Selected step does not exist Too many steps to activate or deactivate To many active steps Too many valid transitions Too many messages Reserved System-internal System-internal System-internal System-internal System-internal System-internal Data Type BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL Read int. yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no no no no no Write Int. no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no Read Ext. yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes no no no no no no no Write Ext. no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no no

The component with group bits is saved in the instance DB as follows:

Structure Name SQ_FLAGS Type t_sq_flags Description Group bits Length in Bytes 2

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Instance DB

15.13

Internal Data Area

This part of the instance DB is a system-internal area. These data should not be accessed. The data area is divided into 4 sections:

Internal Working Area 1

Description Internal Working Area 1 Data Variable Length Variable

Condition Descriptions
These data are only entered when you select the option "With Data".
Address Description ADR_LOG_T[]: Descriptions for all transitions with content; the start addresses are in the field ADR_LOG_T[]; a 0 is entered here for empty transitions and there is no description. LOG_Ti[] LOG_Tj[] ... LOG_Tk[] This is possibly followed by padding bytes with the value 0 at the end of LOG_Tx so that the following fields start at an even address. ADR_LOG_L[]: Descriptions of all interlock conditions with contents; the start addresses are in the field ADR_LOG_L[]; here, a 0 is entered for empty interlocks and there is no description. LOG_Lp[] LOG_Lq[] ... LOG_Lr[] This is possibly followed by padding bytes with the value 0 at the end of LOG_Ly, so that the following fields start with an even address c S_CNT-2 T_CNT c+2 T_CNT+2 ADR_LOG_T: Addresses of the transition descriptions LOG_Tx ADR_LOG_T[0...T_CNT] ADR_LOG_L: Addresses of the interlocks LOG_Ly ADR_LOG_L[0...S_CNT] WORD[] (T_CNT+1)2 BYTE[] BYTE[] ... BYTE[] Data BYTE[] BYTE[] ... BYTE[] Length

WORD[]

(S_CNT+1)2

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Address c+2 T_CNT+2 S_CNT+4 c+2 T_CNT+2 S_CNT+6 c+2 T_CNT+2 S_CNT+8

Description ADR_T1_CRITFLT: Address of disturbed transition criteria of T1 ADR_T1_CRITFLT == address(G7T[1].CRIT_FLT) ADR_S1_CRITERR: Address of the disturbed interlock criteria of S1 ADR_S1_CRITERR == address(G7S[1].CRIT_ERR) ADR_SERRX: Address of the array of disturbed steps SERRX[] ADR_SERRX == address(SERRX[0]) == e

Data WORD

Length 2

WORD

WORD

n = Length of the instance DB in bytes

Internal Work Area 2

Description Internal Work Area 2 Data Variable Length Variable

Numeric Data of the Sequencer

Address n-36 Description ADR_COND: Address for the end of the condition descriptions ADR_COND == Address(ADR_LOG_T[0]) == c MAX_TVAL: Max. number of simultaneously valid transitions Data WORD Length 2

n-34

BYTE

n-33 n-32 n-31 n-30 n-29 n-28 n-27 n-26 n-22

MAX_SACT: BYTE Max. number of simultaneously active steps MAX_CRIT: Max. number of criteria per condition T_CNT Number of transitions SUP_CNT: Number of supervisions LOCK_CNT: Number of interlocks S_CNT Number of steps SQ_CNT: Number of branch paths PRS_INPAR: Range of input parameters PRS_OUTPAR: Range of output parameters BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE BYTE DWORD DWORD

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

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Instance DB

Address n-18 n-6

Description SQ_FLAGS Compiler flags part 1 SQ_FLAGS Compiler flags part 2 Bit .0 == 1 --> condition descriptions exist SQ_FLAGS Compiler flags part 3 G7_FBMARK: Compatibility FB criteria analysis (010 == 1.0) G7_RELEASE: Graph version number (010 == 1.0) G7_ID2: Graph ID ("7") G7_ID1: Graph ID ("G")

Data WORD BYTE

Length 6 1

n-5 n-4

BYTE BYTE

1 1

n-3 n-2 n-1

BYTE BYTE BYTE

1 1 1

n = Length of the instance DB in bytes

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Glossary
--A-Action
An action is an instruction to execute a function in an active step.

--C-Checkpoint
A checkpoint is a point in the program cycle at which plant or process states can be influenced or queried. There are various checkpoints, for example System checkpoint User checkpoint

Criteria analysis
Criteria analysis is a software program for S7 Graph, consisting of a criteria FB and extended instance DB. Criteria analysis detects and influences plant and process states of S7 Graph sequential control systems.

--D-Deactivate
Deactivating means that the step is terminated by the relevant transition or by another step.

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Glossary-1

Glossary

--E-Edge evaluation
Edge evaluation is required to detect and evaluate the change in a signal state. The term edge is used when a signal state (for example of an input) changes. A rising edge means that the signal changes from state "0" to state "1". In the opposite situation, there is a falling edge.

Execution time
The execution time of an instruction is the time during which the instruction is active; in other words, executed.

--I-Interlock
An interlock is a programmed condition within a step. An interlock influences the execution of individual actions.

--L-LAD branch
The LAD branch corresponds to an OR logic operation on elements in a transition, interlock, or supervision.

--N-Normally-open contact/normally-closed contact

Normally-open contacts and normally-closed contacts are bit logic operations. They can be used as elements in transitions, supervisions, or interlocks. The normally-open contact switches when the Boolean address is set. The normally-closed contact switches when the Boolean address is not set.

Glossary-2

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Glossary

--P-Path in an alternative branch

A path in an alternative branch is the divergence of a sequencer to a specific step dependent on several parallel transitions.

Process image
A memory area on the CPU in which the status of the inputs and outputs is entered. 1. Process image input table (PII): PII 2. Process image output table (PIQ): PIQ.

Processing time
The processing time is the time taken by the CPU to process an instruction (action, condition) and is usually in the ms range per instruction.

--S-Sequencers
A sequencer is the heart of a sequential control system. Here, the program for sequential control is created and processed. The sequencer consists of a series of steps whose execution is started in a specified dependent on step enabling conditions.

Sequential control system

A control system in which control is passed sequentially from one step to the next according to the program dependent on conditions.

Step
The control task is divided into single steps. Actions are formulated in the steps that are executed by the controller in a certain status (for example for controlling the outputs or activating and deactivating steps).

Step comment
The step comment is a text in a step with a maximum of 2048 characters.

S7-GRAPH for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems A5E00290656-01

Glossary-3

Glossary

Start point
The start point is the defined start of the program cycle. When the program starts, the process image input table (PII) is read, effectively querying the plant or process state.

Status
The status is the signal state of the bits of an address on the PLC.

Status display
The status display is the display of the signal state of an address on the monitor of a programming device/PC connected online with the PLC.

Step enabling condition

Step enabling conditions are Boolean logic operations that specify the conditions for terminating the predecessor step and activating the successor step. They are components of the transitions.

Structural element
Structural elements are jumps and transitions in a sequencer.

Supervision
A supervision is a programmable condition within a step. A supervision influences the way in which control passes from one step to the next.

System checkpoint
The system checkpoint is the interface between the system and the user program. At the system control point, you can monitor or modify the signal states of the process variables and set the signal states at outputs from the programming device.

Glossary-4

S7-GRAPH for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems A5E00290656-01

Glossary

--T-Transition
A transition is the part of the sequencer that contains the conditions for passing control from one step to its successor step. A valid transition is a transition whose predecessor step or steps are active. When a transition is valid and its step enabling conditions are satisfied, control passes to the successor step. The predecessor step is then deactivated and the successor step is activated.

--U-User checkpoint
The user checkpoint is a selectable point in the user program for displaying the signal states of variables.

User program
The user program contains all the blocks and instructions of the program.

S7-GRAPH for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems A5E00290656-01

Glossary-5

Glossary

Glossary-6

S7-GRAPH for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems A5E00290656-01

Index
A
Abort situations ............................................ 14-9 Accessing the instance DB .......................... 15-4 Actions ............................................... 7-3, 13-9 ff components ............................................... 7-3 overview of arithmetic ............................ 13-19 overview of counters ................................ 13-9 overview of timers .................................. 13-14 Activation time ........................................... 15-16 Activation time of steps ................................ 7-25 Active step ..................................................... 6-2 Alternative branch.......................................... 6-7 Areas .................................................... 7-1, 7-15 for actions and conditions .......................... 7-1 for conditions............................................ 7-15 Arithmetic in actions.......................... 7-11, 13-19 Assignment of instance DB and S7-GRAPH FB ......................................... 15-2 Assignments with Built-in function................ 7-12 Assignments with operator........................... 7-14 Authorization........................................... 2-1, 2-3 Automatic creation of the instance DB on saving ................................................. 15-3 Automatic mode........................................... 9-11 Automatic mode (SW_AUTO) ...................... 9-12 Automatic mode or switch to next ................ 9-11 Automatic or switch to next mode (SW_TOP) ............................................... 9-15 Automatically compiling on saving an S7-GRAPH FB ......................................... 8-16 Automation License Manager ..........2-1, 2-3, 2-6 Condition ......................................................7-18 programming with Ladder Logic elements .........................7-18 Conditions ................................. 7-15, 7-22, 7-25 Programming with FBD elements.............7-22 specific to S7-GRAPH ..............................7-25 Control sequencer ........................................11-4 Counters in actions................................7-9, 13-9 Creating a symbol table..................................3-8 Creating an S7-GRAPH FB and programming a sequencer..........................3-9 Creating diagnostic data.............................14-12 Creating messages ....................................14-13 Creating the drill project in the SIMATIC Manager......................................3-7 Creating the instance DB later......................15-3 Creating the project in the SIMATIC Manager......................................5-1 Customizing a display level ..........................4-11 Customizing colors and fonts .......................4-13

D
Default display level .....................................4-11 Defining the system signals............................3-6 Details window ...............................................4-6 Direct assignments.......................................7-12 Direct editing mode ......................................4-15 Display and position of the toolbars..............4-14 Displaying and printing the content of the instance DB ..............................................15-3 Displaying reference data.............................11-7 Downloading blocks from the programming device to the CPU ....................................10-1 Downloading the program to the CPU and testing the sequencer ........................3-18 Drag-and-Drop editing mode ........................4-15

B
Bit logic operations....................................... 7-20 Block .......................................... 10-1, 10-2, 10-3 from PG ................................................... 10-1 uploading to the PG from the CPU........... 10-3 Block comment ............................................ 6-11 Boolean logic operation ...................... 7-15, 7-20 Branch stop.................................................... 6-9

E
Editing the sequencer with the toolbars........4-15 Editing Variables ..........................................7-30 Elements of a sequencer................................6-4 Eliminating Errors after Compilation or after the Consistency Check ................8-16 Empty interlock.............................................7-16 Empty steps....................................................7-3 Empty transition............................................7-16 Enabling operation .......................................14-4 Entering FBD elements ................................7-23 Entering Ladder Logic elements...................7-19 Error displaying .................................................4-16 Evaluating the CPU messages.....................11-6 Evaluating the diagnostic buffer ...................11-6

C
Calling the S7-GRAPH FB ...................... 9-1, 9-2 Certificate of License .......................2-1, 2-2, 2-3 Check Block Consistency ............................ 11-8 Comment ..................................................... 7-28 Compiling..................................................... 8-16 compiling an S7-GRAPH source file ........ 8-16 saving and compiling ................................. 8-2 sequencers .............................................. 8-15

S7-GRAPH for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems A5E00290656-01

Index-1

Index

Event-dependent actions ............................. 13-2 Event-dependent actions - to activate and deactivate steps ......................................... 7-8 Event-dependent actions - with and without interlock ....................................... 13-2 Event-dependent actions - with and without Interlock ......................................... 7-7 Examples ....................................................... 7-4 Extended name............................................ 7-28

step structure..........................................15-11 Transition structure...................................15-9 Interlock........................................................7-16 Interlocks ......................................................14-8 Internal data area .......................................15-18 of the instance DB ..................................15-18 Introduction...................................................14-1

J
Jump...............................................................6-6

F
FB parameters ...................................... 9-3, 15-5 FBD elements ..................................... 7-22, 7-23 FC70/FC71/FC72/FC73............... 8-7, 8-11, 8-13 Functional diagram ........................................ 3-4

L
LAD elements......................................7-19, 7-20 inserting....................................................7-19 logic operations ........................................7-20 Ladder Logic elements .................................7-18 Ladder Logic elements for programming conditions .................................................7-18 Length of the index arrays ..........................15-14 Level structure based on the example of a manufacturing cell ....................................14-2 License............................................ 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 License Key.............................. 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-6 License Keys ..................................................2-4 License Manager............................. 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 License Types ................................................2-3 Enterprise License......................................2-3 Floating License .........................................2-3 Rental License............................................2-3 Single License ............................................2-3 Trial License ...............................................2-3 Upgrade License ........................................2-3 Linking to operator control and monitoring systems ..................................................14-12 Logic operations with FBD elements ............7-24 Logic operations with Ladder Logic elements .............................7-20

G
Group bits .................................................. 15-17 Guidelines Handling License Keys .............................. 2-4 Guidelines for Handling License Keys ........... 2-4

H
Handling modes ........................................... 14-5 Handling supervision errors ......................... 7-26 Handling the interlocks and manual control in the manual mode ................................. 14-7

I
Inching mode ............................................... 9-11 Inching mode (SW_TAP) ............................. 9-14 Including the sequencer in the STEP 7 program ...................................... 3-16 Index arrays ............................................... 15-14 Indicating the modes.................................. 15-16 Individual structures ..................................... 15-2 Initial counter value..................................... 7-9 Initial step....................................................... 6-5 Initialization .................................................. 14-8 Input parameters of the S7-GRAPH FB ......... 9-6 Insert mode.................................................. 7-19 direct ........................................................ 7-19 drag-and-drop .......................................... 7-19 Installation...................................................... 2-6 Installation requirements................................ 2-4 Installing S7-GRAPH ..................................... 2-4 Installing the Automation License Manager ... 2-3 Instance DB ............................ 10-1, 10-2, 15-1 ff accessing................................................. 15-4 automatic ................................................. 10-1 displaying contents .................................. 15-3 including with FB...................................... 15-3 interface description................................. 15-1 internal working area.............................. 15-18 modes .................................................... 15-15 outline of the structure ............................. 15-4 printing ..................................................... 15-3 sequencer status.................................... 15-13

M
Mandatory acknowledgment.........................7-26 Manual mode.......................................9-11, 9-13 Manual mode (SW_MAN).............................9-13 Maximum parameter set...............................15-5 memory requirements..........................8-11, 8-12 Menu bar ........................................................4-3 Mode ...............................................15-15, 15-16 automatic..................................................9-12 automatic or switch to next .......................9-15 in the instance DB ..................................15-15 inching ......................................................9-14 manual......................................................9-13 sequential control system .........................9-11 Modes.............................................9-11 ff, 15-15 Modifications during installation and commissioning........................................14-11 Modifying the Sequencer..............................3-20 Monitoring.....................................................11-6 Monitoring and modifying variables ..............11-6 Monitoring and testing the sequential control system ......................................................11-1

Index-2

S7-GRAPH for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems A5E00290656-01

Index

Monitoring functions..................................... 3-13 programming............................................ 3-13 Monitoring the status information................. 11-2

for saving and compiling.............................8-2 for the structure of a sequencer..................6-4 Running a consistency check .......................8-15

N
Name .................................................. 7-28, 7-29 Navigating in the sequencer ........................ 4-16 New sequencer.............................................. 6-9 Number ............................................... 7-28, 7-29

S
S7-GRAPH installing .....................................................2-4 starting........................................................4-1 uninstalling .................................................2-6 user interface..............................................4-2 S7-GRAPH addresses in conditions.............7-25 S7-GRAPH FB creating..............................................3-9, 3-10 input parameters ........................................9-6 output parameters ......................................9-9 S7-GRAPH FB ...........................................5-2 S7-GRAPH FB or S7-GRAPH source file?.....5-2 S7-GRAPH Overview .....................................1-1 S7-GRAPH source file....................................5-3 Saving .................................. 3-15, 8-2, 8-3, 8-14 calculating memory requirements.............8-11 saving an S7-GRAPH FB or an S7-GRAPH source file..........................8-14 saving and closing the sequencer ............3-15 saving and compiling ..................................8-2 settings for saving and compiling ...............8-3 Search function ............................................4-16 Selecting a step with S_PREV or S_NEXT: .9-16 Selecting a step with S_SEL: .......................9-16 Selecting an FB parameter set .......................9-3 Selecting the structure of the sequencer ........3-5 Sequencer ......... 3-5, 3-9, 3-10, 3-15, 3-16, 3-18, .................................. 3-20, 3-21, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4 creating.......................................................3-9 including in the STEP 7 program ..............3-16 modifying ..................................................3-20 navigating .................................................4-16 principle ......................................................6-2 saving and closing....................................3-15 selecting the structure ................................3-5 structures....................................................6-3 testing.......................................................3-18 Sequencer status ....................................15-13 ff activation time ........................................15-16 index arrays............................................15-14 modes.....................................................15-15 permanent operations.............................15-13 Sequential control system ............................9-11 automatic mode........................................9-11 inching mode ............................................9-11 manual mode............................................9-11 normal mode ............................................9-11 Setting a display level...................................4-11 Settings for printing ......................................12-1 Settings for the instance DB .........................15-1 Settings for the mnemonics ..........................13-1 Settings for the work area...............................4-9 Settings in the "Compile/Save" tab Executability ...............................................8-7 FB Parameters ...........................................8-6 sequencer properties..................................8-9 Warnings ..................................................8-10

O
OB1.............................................................. 3-16 Opening an S7-GRAPH FB or an S7-GRAPH source file ............................... 5-3 Operating mode selecting................................................... 9-11 Outline of the structure of the instance DB .. 15-4 Output parameters of the S7-GRAPH FB ...... 9-9 Overview window ........................................... 4-4

P
Parameter sets of the FB ............................... 9-4 Parameters ......................................... 7-30, 15-5 insert in sequencer................................... 7-30 of the S7-GRAPH FB ............................... 15-5 Permanent Instructions ............ 4-10, 6-10, 15-13 Permanent operations.................................. 7-17 Printing the sequencer ................................. 12-1 Printout ........................................................ 12-1 Procedure for creating a sequential control system .......................... 3-2 Programming conditions and actions ............. 7-1 Programming monitoring functions .............. 3-13 Programming step actions ........................... 3-11 Programming the structure of a sequencer.... 6-1 Programming transitions .............................. 3-11 Programming with symbolic addresses........ 7-29 Progressing.................................................. 9-16 progressing with T_PUSH........................ 9-16 Project............................................................ 5-1 creating in the SIMATIC Manager.............. 5-1

Q
Querying module information and the operating mode ........................... 11-6

R
Representing the mode in the sequencer .... 14-6 Requirements ....................................... 3-2, 7-26 for signaling and acknowledging .............. 7-26 Rules for creating an S7-GRAPH FB ................... 5-2 for creating an S7-GRAPH source file ....... 5-3 for entering FBD elements ....................... 7-23 for inserting LAD elements....................... 7-19 for saving an S7-GRAPH FB...................... 8-2 for saving an S7-GRAPH source file.......... 8-3

S7-GRAPH for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems A5E00290656-01

Index-3

Index

Settings in the "Compile/Save" Tab interface description............................ 8-8 Settings in the "Compile/Save" tab Sequencer Properties .......................... 8-9 Settings in the "Compile/Save" tab Warnings............................................ 8-10 Settings in the "General" tab.......................... 8-4 Settings in the "Messages" tab .................... 8-10 Simultaneous branch ..................................... 6-8 Single-Step display ...................................... 4-10 Size of the machine code............................. 8-11 Specifying the program structure and incorporating the sequencer .................... 14-3 Specifying the standard function block......... 3-14 Standard actions ..................................... 7-4, 7-5 Standard actions with and without interlock . 13-1 Standard actions:......................................... 13-1 Standard function blocks FC70 FC71 FC72 FC73 ..................................... 8-7, 8-13 specifying (drill example) ......................... 3-14 Starting S7-GRAPH ....................................... 4-1 Starting the installation program .................... 2-5 Status bar ...................................................... 4-8 Status display for steps and conditions........ 11-3 Status display for the signal state of addresses ............................................ 11-3 Step .......................6-2, 7-15, 7-16, 15-11, 15-12 skipping.................................................... 7-16 STEP 7 test functions .................................. 11-5 Step actions ................................................. 3-11 programming............................................ 3-11 Step description in the instance DB ........... 15-11 Step structure ............................................ 15-11 Step/Transition pair........................................ 6-5 Steps in creating a project ............................. 5-1 Steps/Transitions ........................................... 6-5 Structure arrays ........................................... 15-1 Structure of an instance DB ......................... 15-4 Structures of a sequencer.............................. 6-3 Supervision .................................................. 7-17 Supervision errors........................................ 7-26 Supervision errors and mandatory acknowledgment ...................................... 7-26 Supervisions ................................................ 14-9 SW_AUTO ................................................... 9-11 SW_MAN ..................................................... 9-11 SW_TAP ...................................................... 9-11 SW_TOP...................................................... 9-11 Symbol table .................................................. 3-8 Synchronization ....................... 11-4, 11-5, 14-10 System signals defining ...................................................... 3-6

T
Technological task and functional diagram.....3-3 Test function.................................................3-19 control sequencer.....................................3-19 Test functions ............................ 11-1, 11-2, 11-5 in STEP 7 .................................................11-5 Monitoring and testing the sequential control system .....................11-1 The modes of the sequential control system .........................9-11 Time constant..........................................7-4, 7-5 Timers ..........................................................7-25 actions .................................................13-14 ff activation time of steps .............................7-25 in actions ..................................................7-10 timers in Actions .....................................13-14 timers in conditions...................................7-25 Title bar ..........................................................4-3 Toolbars ................................................4-3, 4-14 displaying .................................................4-14 position .....................................................4-14 Transition...............................................3-11, 6-5 description in the instance DB ..................15-9 programming ............................................3-12 Step/Transition pair and initial step ............6-5 Transition structure.......................................15-9

U
Uninstalling S7-GRAPH..................................2-6 Uninstalling the User Authorization ................2-4 Uploading blocks from the CPU to the programming device.................................10-3 User interface .................................................4-2 User Rights Through The Automation License Manager..............2-3 Using standard function blocks FC70 FC71 FC72 and FC73........................................8-13

V
Variables ......................................................7-30

W
What's new? ...................................................1-4 Work area.......................................................4-9 Working area ..................................................4-3

Z
Zoom ...................................................4-11, 4-12

Index-4

S7-GRAPH for S7-300/400 Programming Sequential Control Systems A5E00290656-01