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CORRELATION

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Pavan Devaraj
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12 views6 pages

CORRELATION

Uploaded by

Pavan Devaraj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER NO.

6
CORRELATION
I. Answer the following questions in a word / sentence (1 Mark).

1. What is correlation?
Ans. A correlation is a statistical measurement of the relationship between two
variables.
1. What is Scatter diagram?
Ans. A scatter diagram (Also known as scatter plot, scatter graph, and correlation
chart) is a tool for analyzing relationships between two variables for determining how
closely the two variables are related.
2. Write the formula for Spearman’s rank correlation
Ans. r= 1- 6.∑ d2
n3-n
II. Answer the following questions in about 4 Sentences (2 Marks)
1. Mention types of correlation.
Ans. There are three possible results of a correlation study:
• A positive correlation
• A negative correlation
• No correlation.
2. What is negative correlation? Give an example.
Ans. Negative correlation is a relationship between two variables in which one
variable increases as the other decreases, and vice versa. A perfect negative
correlation means the relationship that exists between two variables is exactly
opposite all of the time.
3. What is positive correlation? Give an example.
Ans. A positive correlation exists when one variable decreases as the other
variable decreases, or one variable increases while the other increases. Positive
correlation is a relationship between two variables in which both variables move
in tandem—that is, in the same direction.

4. Mention which type of correlation is associated with


a) Production and price of vegetable
b) Temperature and sale of ice-creams.
Ans. (a) There is a negative correlation between production and the price of
vegetables. If the production of vegetables increases, which leads to an increase
in supply, it will result in a decrease in the price of vegetables.
(b) There is a positive correlation between temperature and the sale of ice

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creams. If the temperature increases, there will be an increase in the sales of ice
creams and vice versa.

4. Interpret the values of r as 1, -1 and 0.


• Ans. When r = 1, it shows there is a perfect positive correlation between
two variables.
• When r= -1, it shows that there is a perfect negative correlation between
two variables.
• When r = 0, it shows that there is no relationship between the two
variables.

III. Answer the following questions in about twelve sentences (4 Marks)


1. Calculate the correlation between the heights of fathers in inches (x) and their
sons.

Ans.

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1. Calculate the correlation coefficient between X and Y and comment on their
relationship

Ans.

2. Mention the properties of correction Coefficient (any four)


Ans. The following are the major properties of the correlation coefficient:
• Correlation ‘r’ has no unit, it is a pure number. It means units of measurement
are not part of ‘r’
• A negative value of ‘r’ indicates an inverse relation. A change in one variable is
associated with a change in the other variable in the opposite direction. For
instance, when the price of tomatoes increases, their demand decreases.
• If “r” is positive the two variables move in the same direction. When the price of
coffee rises, a substitute for tea, the demand for tea increases.
• The value of the correlation coefficient lies between minus one and plus one. (-1
< r < 1).
• If r = 0, the two variables are uncorrelated. There is no linear relation between
them. However, other types of relations may be there.
• If r = 1 or r = -1, the correlation is perfect. The relation between them is exact.

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• A low value of ‘r’ indicates a weak linear relation. Its value is said to be low when
it is close to zero.
• The magnitude of ‘r’ is unaffected by the change of origin and change of scale.
3. Draw scatter diagram and conclude about correlation

Ans.

3. Draw scatter diagram and interpret.


Ans. Draw the scatter diagram and interpret. (S – 2018)

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IV. Answer the following in about 20 Sentences (6 Marks) .
1. Calculate Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation from the following data
using step deviation method and comment on the result.

Ans.

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2. Calculate the coefficient of rank correlation.

Ans.

Here:
The number 35 repeated twice in x series and number 34 repeated thrice in y’ series,
therefore in x. m = 2. in y m = 3. then apply the formula
n=8. Σ D2 = 80.5.

* * *******

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