Ch.

# 4
Measure of Dispersion/Variation
Dispersion
Dispersion means the variation of the values about the measure of central tendency.

Measure of Dispersion
A numerical quantity that describes the spread of the values in a set of data around the central position is
called measure of dispersion. It is also called measure of variation.

Types of Measure of Dispersion

There are two main types of measure of dispersion,
 Absolute measure of dispersion
 Relative measure of dispersion

Absolute Measure of Dispersion

It is that type of dispersion in which the measures of dispersion have the same units as those of the
original data is called absolute measure of dispersion.
For example, range, Q.D, M.D & S are absolute measure of dispersions; they are expressed in the same
units (Kg, meter,℃ ) in which the data are measured.

Types of Absolute Measure of Dispersion

The most commonly used absolute measures of dispersion are given below:
1) Range
2) Quartile deviation or Semi – inter quartile range
3) Mean deviation or Average deviation
4) Standard deviation
5) Variance

Relative Measure of Dispersion

A relative measure of dispersion it is that type of dispersion, in which the measures of dispersion have
independent of unit of measurement. The relative measures of dispersion are expressed as a pure number
such as ratio, percentage or coefficient.
These are used to compare the variation between two or more sets of data.

Types of Relative Measure of Dispersion

The most commonly used relative measures of dispersion are given below:
1) Co – efficient of range
2) Co – efficient of quartile deviation
3) Co – efficient of mean deviation
4) Co – efficient of variation (C.V)

Range
The range is the difference between the largest and the smallest value in a set observation.
Range = 𝑋𝑚 − 𝑋0
Merits of range
(1)It is simple to calculate and easy to understand.
(2) It gives the result very quickly
(3) It is good measure for rough idea.

1
Demerits of range
(i) It is not a reliable measure.
(ii) It gives no idea about the other values in a set of data except the extreme ends.
(ii) We cannot find range in case of open end frequency table.
(iv) It is rough measure of dispersion.
Quartile Deviation or Semi-Inter quartile Range
The half of the difference between the upper quartile and lower quartile is called quartile
deviation. It is also called semi inter quartile range. It is denoted by Q.D
𝑄3 − 𝑄1
Quartile deviation(𝑄. 𝐷) =
2

Where, 𝑄1 = lower quartile, 𝑄3 = upper quartile

Merits of Quartile Deviation
1) It is easy to calculate.
2) It is simple to understand.
3) It is not affected by extreme values.
4) It is superior to range.
5) It is useful badly skewed distributions.
Demerits of Quartile Deviation
1) It is not based on all the values.
2) Q.D is same for all sets of values having same quartiles.
3) It is amenable mathematical treatment.
4) The Q.D is not widely used as other measure of dispersion.
5) Its value is much affected by sampling fluctuations.
Mean Deviation
The arithmetic mean of the absolute values of the deviations from the any average is known as mean
deviation. It is also called as average deviation.
∑|𝑋 − 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 |
M.D =
𝑛
 Mean deviation about mean
∑| 𝑋−𝑋̅ |
M. D𝑋 =
𝑛
∑ 𝑓|𝑋−𝑋̅|
M. D𝑋 = ∑𝑓

 Mean deviation about median

∑| 𝑋−𝑋̃ |
M. D𝑋̃ =
𝑛
∑ 𝑓| 𝑋−𝑋̃ |
M. D𝑋̃ = ∑𝑓

 Mean deviation about mode

∑| 𝑋−𝑋̂ |
M. D𝑋̂ =
𝑛
∑ 𝑓| 𝑋−𝑋̂ |
M. D𝑋̂ = ∑𝑓

Coefficient of Mean Deviation

Ratio between mean deviation and average used in its calculation is called coefficient of
mean deviation.
𝑀.𝐷
Co – efficient of M.D = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒

2
Merits of Mean Deviation
1) There is no confusion in its definition.
2) It is based on all the values.
3) It is easy to calculate.
4) It is easy to understand.
5) It is less affected by extreme values.

Demerits of Mean Deviation

1) It has ignoring the mathematical signs.
2) It has no further mathematical treatment.
3) It is affected by extreme values.
4) It is not generally used in social sciences.
Variance
Variance is defined as the arithmetic mean of the squared deviation taken from their mean. It is
denoted by S2
∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝜇 )2
𝜎2 = For population variance
𝑁
∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )2
𝑆2 = For sample variance
𝑛

Its calculation methods,

i) Direct method
∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )2
𝑆2 =
𝑛
∑ 𝑓(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )2
𝑆2 = ∑𝑓

i) Indirect method

∑ 𝑋𝑖 2 ∑ 𝑋𝑖 2
𝑆2 = −( )
𝑛 𝑛

2 ∑ 𝑓𝑋𝑖 2 ∑ 𝑓𝑋𝑖 2
𝑆 = ∑𝑓
−( ∑𝑓
)

Mathematical Properties of Variance

(i) Var (C) = 0, where C is a constant
(ii) Var( X + C)= Var( X) and Var( X - C) = Var (X)
(iii) Var( CX ) = C2 Var( X)
(iv). Var( X ± Y ) = Var( X) + Var( Y ), if X and Y are independent random variables.
(v)The variance is positive quantity.
(vi)The variance is expressed in square of the units of the observations.
Standard Deviation
The positive square root of the average of the squared deviations from the mean is called standard
deviation. It is denoted by S.

∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝜇 )2
𝜎2 = √ For population standard deviation
𝑁

∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )2
𝑆2 = √ For sample standard deviation
𝑛

3
Its calculation methods,
i) Direct method

∑(𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅ )2
𝑆=√
𝑛

∑ 𝑓(𝑋𝑖 − 𝑋̅ )2
𝑆=√
∑𝑓

i) Indirect method
2
∑ 𝑋𝑖 2 ∑ 𝑋𝑖
𝑆=√ −( )
𝑛 𝑛

∑ 𝑓𝑋𝑖 2 ∑ 𝑓𝑋𝑖 2
𝑆=√ ∑𝑓
−( ∑𝑓
)

Mathematical Properties of Standard Deviation

(i) S.D.(C) = 0, where C is a constant
(ii) S.D.(X + C) = S.D.(X)
(iii) S.D.( CX ) =. |c| S. D(x)
(vi)The standard deviation is positive quantity.
(v)The standard deviation is expressed in the same units as the units of observations.
(vi) The standard deviation is best absolute measure of dispersion.
Advantages or merits of S.D
1) It is well defined.
2) It is based on all the observations.
3) It is capable of mathematical treatment.
4) It is stable in repeated sampling experiments.

Disadvantages or demerits of S.D

1) It is affected by extreme values.
2) It is not an unbiased estimate of population standard deviation.
Coefficient of Variation
The ratio of the standard deviation to the arithmetic mean expressed as a percentage is known as
coefficient of variation. It is denoted by C.V.
𝑆
Coefficient of Variation (C.V) = 𝑋̅ × 100

Uses of coefficient of variation

1) It is used to compare the dispersion of two or more set of data.
2) It is also used for the consistence performance. The smallest the coefficient of variation the more
consistence, is the performance.

4
Moments
Moment are the arithmetic mean of the power to which the deviations are raised before averaging them.
Moments about mean
The moments about the mean are the mean of the power of the deviation, is raised before averaging
them. The moments about mean are denoted by 𝑚𝑟 .
∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )𝑟
𝑚𝑟 = For un - group data
𝑛
∑ 𝑓(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )𝑟
𝑚𝑟 = ∑𝑓
For group data

Calculations formulas for first four moments about mean is,

Un – group data Group data

∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )1 ∑ 𝑓(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )1
𝑚1 = 𝑚1 = ∑𝑓
𝑛

∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )2 ∑ 𝑓(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )2

𝑚2 = 𝑚2 = ∑𝑓
𝑛

∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )3 ∑ 𝑓(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )3

𝑚3 = 𝑚3 = ∑𝑓
𝑛

∑(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )4 ∑ 𝑓(𝑋𝑖 −𝑋̅ )4

𝑚4 = 𝑚4 = ∑𝑓
𝑛

Relationship between raw moment and central moments

𝑚1 = 𝑚1′ − 𝑚1′ = 0
𝑚2 = 𝑚2′ − (𝑚1′ )2 = 𝑉𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
𝑚3 = 𝑚3′ − 3𝑚2′ 𝑚1′ +2(𝑚1′ )3
𝑚4 = 𝑚4′ − 4𝑚3′ 𝑚1′ +6𝑚2′ (𝑚1′ )2 − 3 (𝑚1′ )4
First moment about mean is always equal to zero.
Second moment about mean id equal to variance.
Symmetry
When the two tails of frequency curve are equal in length from the central value then it is called
symmetry.
In symmetrical distribution,
Mean = median = mode

𝑄3 – 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 − 𝑄1
Different formulas of coefficient of skewness.
Karl Pearson’s 1st coefficient of skewness
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 −𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒
𝑆. 𝐾 = , −1 ≤ 𝑆. 𝐾 ≤ +1
𝑆.𝐷

Karl Pearson’s 2nd coefficient of skewness

3(𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 −𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛)
𝑆. 𝐾 = , −3 ≤ 𝑆. 𝐾 ≤ +3
𝑆.𝐷

Bowley’s or quartile coefficient of skewness

𝑄1 + 𝑄3 −2𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
𝑆. 𝐾 = , −1 ≤ 𝑆. 𝐾 ≤ +1
𝑄3 − 𝑄1

5
Skewness
The lack of symmetry in a distribution around some central value is called skewness.
Types of skewed
a) Positive skewed
If the right tail of a frequency curve is longer than the left tail of the distribution is said to be positively
skewed.
In positively skewed distribution,

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 (𝑋) > 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 (𝑋̃) > 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 (𝑋̂)

b) Negative skewed
If the left tail of a frequency curve is longer than the right tail of the distribution is said to be negatively
skewed.
In negatively skewed distribution,

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 (𝑋) < 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 (𝑋̃) < 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 (𝑋̂)

Moment Coefficient of Skewness

𝑚32
𝑏1 =
𝑚23
For moment of skewness
i) If 𝑏1 = 0 then the distribution is symmetrical
ii) If 𝑚3 is positive the distribution is positively skewed
iii) If 𝑚3 is negative the distribution is negatively skewed
Kurtosis
kurtosis is the degree of peakedness or flatness of a unimodal frequency curve.

A distribution whose frequency curve is relatively high peaked is called leptokurtic.

A distribution whose frequency curve is flat-topped peaked is called Platykurtic.
A distribution whose frequency curve is neither very peaked nor flat-topped is called Mesokurtic or
normal distribution.

6
 Moment coefficient of kurtosis

𝑚4
𝑏2 =
𝑚22

For moment of kurtosis

i) If 𝑏2 = 3 The distribution is Mesokurtic or normal or symmetrical,
ii) If 𝑏2 > 3 The distribution is leptokurtic,
iii) If 𝑏2 < 3 The distribution is Platykurtic,

Standardized Variable
A variable is defined to be standardized if it is expressed in terms of deviations from its mean and
divided by its S.D. It is denoted by Z.

𝑋𝑖 −𝜇
𝑍𝑖 = For population data
𝜎

𝑋𝑖 −𝑋
𝑍𝑖 = For sample data
𝑆
i) If mean = 8, mean deviation = 4.8, find co – efficient of mean deviation.
Solution:
Given that:
Mean = 8 , M.D = 4.8
𝑀.𝐷 4.8
Co – efficient of M.D = =
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 8

Co – efficient of M.D = 0.6

ii) If S.D(x) = 3, find S.D(5x + 2).
Solution:
Given that:
S.D(x) = 3
S.D(5x + 2) = ?
We know that ∴ S. D(2) = 0
S.D(5x + 2) = 5 S.D(x) + S.D(2) = 5(3)
S.D(5x + 2) = 15
iii) The mean of a certain distribution is 3 while its second moment about mean is 64. Find its S.D.
Solution:
Given that:
Mean = 3 , 𝑚2 = 64
We know that
𝑚2 = 𝑆 2 = 64
So, S=8
iv) In a symmetrical distribution, 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟕𝟓 then find the value of median.
Solution:
Given that:
𝑄1 = 25 , 𝑄3 = 75, Median =?
𝑄3 − 𝑄1 75 − 25 50
Median = 𝑥
̃ = = =
2 2 2

Median = 𝑥
̃ =25

7
v) Given mean = 50 , median = 48 and standard deviation = 6 then find Karl’s Pearson’s co –
efficient of skewness.
Solution:
Given that:
Mean = 50 , Median = 48 , S.D = 6
3(𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 −𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛)
Karl Pearson’s 2nd coefficient of skewness = 𝑆. 𝐾 =
𝑆.𝐷

3(50 − 48) 6
𝑆. 𝐾 = =
6 6
𝑆. 𝐾 = 1
vi) The first two moments of a distribution about x = 10 are 2 and 20. Find co – efficient of
variation.
Solution:
Given that:
𝑚1′ = 2 , 𝑚2′ = 20 , x = 10 , A = 10
First we find moment about mean
𝑚1 = 𝑚1′ − 𝑚1′ = 0
𝑚1 = 2 − 2 = 0
𝑚2 = 𝑚2′ − (𝑚1′ )2 = 𝑆 2
𝑚2 = 20 − (2)2 = 16
∑𝐷
𝑚2 = 𝑆 2 = 16 , Mean = A + 𝑚1′ ∴ 𝑚1′ =
𝑛

𝑆. 𝐷 = 4 , Mean = 10 + 2 = 12
𝑆.𝐷
Coefficient of Variation (C.V) = × 100
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
4
Coefficient of Variation (C.V) = × 100
12
Coefficient of Variation (C.V) = 33.33%
vii) If 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟖𝟖. 𝟎𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟗𝟒. 𝟓𝟎. Compute Coefficient of Q.D.
Solution:
Given that:
𝑄1 = 88.03 , 𝑄3 = 94.50, Q.D =?
𝑄3 − 𝑄1 94.50 − 88.03 6.47
Coefficient of Q.D = = =
𝑄3 + 𝑄1 94.50 + 88.03 182.53

Coefficient of Q.D = 0.0354

viii) If n = 15 , ∑ 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖𝟎 , ∑ 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟓. Find C.V.

Solution:
Given that:
If n = 15 , ∑ 𝑥 = 480 , ∑ 𝑥2 = 15735 , C.V = ?
𝑆.𝐷
C.V = × 100
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
∑𝑥 480
Mean = = = 32
𝑛 15

8
 ∑ 𝑥2
S.D = √ − (𝑥 )2
𝑛

15735
S.D = √ − (32)2
15

S.D = 5
5
C.V = × 100, C.V = 15.625%
32
ix) If mean = 25 , C.V = 64%, What will be the variance.
Solution:
Given that:
mean = 25 , C.V = 64% , Variance = ?
𝑆.𝐷
C.V = × 100
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
𝑆.𝐷 𝑆.𝐷 1600
64 = × 100 64 × 25 = 𝑆. 𝐷 =
25 100 100
𝑆. 𝐷 = 16 so, Variance = 𝑆 2 = (16)2 = 256
̃ = 𝟔𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟕𝟔. 𝟑𝟑.
x) Find Bowley’s coefficient of skewness. Given 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟔𝟕, 𝑿
Solution:
Given that:
𝑄1 = 53.67, 𝑋̃ = 65 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑄3 = 76.33.
̃
𝑄3 + 𝑄1 −2𝑋
Bowley’s coefficient of skewness = 𝑆. 𝐾 =
𝑄3 − 𝑄1
76.33 + 53.67 − 2(65) 0
𝑆. 𝐾 = =
76.33 − 53.67 22.66
𝑆. 𝐾 = 0
xi) If 𝒎𝟐 = 𝟓, 𝒎𝟑 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟖. Find 𝒃𝟏 and comment on it.
Solution:
Given that:
𝑚2 = 5, 𝑚3 = 12.8 , 𝑏1 =?

𝑚32 (12.8)3
𝑏1 = =
𝑚23 (5)3
𝑏1 = 1.31
The distribution is positively skewed because 𝑏1 > 0
𝟐
xii) If n = 5 , ∑ 𝒙 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎 , 𝑺 = 𝟑𝟔 Find C.V.
Solution:
Given that:
n = 5 , ∑ 𝑥 = 180 , 𝑆 2 = 36, C.V = ?
𝑆.𝐷
C.V = × 100
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
∑𝑥 180
Mean = = = 36
𝑛 5
6
C.V = × 100 C.V = 16.66%
36

9
xiii) Given 𝑿 = 𝟏𝟎 and Var(x) = 4, find 𝒀 and Var(y) when y = 2x – 1.
Solution:
Given that:
𝑋 = 10, 𝑌 =? , Var(x) = 4 , Var(y) =?
When y = 2x – 1
According to propriety
𝑌 = 2𝑋 − 1 , Var(y) = Var (2x – 1)
𝑌 = 2(10) − 1 , 4Var(x) = 4(4)
𝑌 = 19 , Var(y) = 16

xiv) Given that mean = 100, mode = 95 and standard deviation = 10 then find Karl’s Pearson’s
coefficient of skewness.
Solution:
Given that:
Mean = 100 , Median = 95 , S.D = 10

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 − 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒
Karl Pearson’s 1st coefficient of skewness = 𝑆. 𝐾 =
𝑆.𝐷
100 − 95 5
𝑆. 𝐾 = =
10 10
𝑆. 𝐾 = 0.5
xv) If Var(x) = 5, find Var(2X + 10).
Solution:
Given that:
Var(x) = 5, Var(2X + 10) =?
Var(2X + 10)
According to propriety

Var(2X + 10) = (2)2 Var(X) + Var(10) ∴ Var(10) = 0

= 4Var(X) = 4(5)

Var(2X + 10) = 20

xvi) Find the range -1, -3, 0, 2, 3.

Solution:
Given that:
-1, -3, 0, 2, 3. Range = ?

Range = 𝑋𝑚 − 𝑋0

Range = 3 − (−3) = 3 + 3

Range = 6

xvii) If Var(x) = 8, find Var(X + 3).

Solution:
Given that:
Var(x) = 8, Var(X + 3) =?
Var(X + 3)
According to propriety

Var(X + 3) = Var(X) + Var(3) ∴ Var(3) = 0

Var(X + 3) = Var(X) = 8

10
xviii) If n = 25 , ∑ 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖𝟎 , ∑ 𝒙𝟐 = 𝟏𝟓𝟕𝟑𝟓. Find variance.
Solution:
Given that:
If n = 25 , ∑ 𝑥 = 480 , ∑ 𝑥2 = 15735 , Variance = ?

2 ∑ 𝑥2 ∑𝑥 2
𝑆 = −( )
𝑛 𝑛

15735 480 2
𝑆2 = −( )
25 25

𝑆 2 = 260.761
xix) If the mean of 200 items is 48 and S.D is 3, find ∑ 𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ∑ 𝒙𝟐 .
Solution:
Given that:
If n = 200 , 𝑋 = 48, 𝑆. 𝐷 = 3 ∑ 𝑥 =? 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∑ 𝑥 2 =?
∑ 𝑥
𝑋=
𝑛
∑𝑥
48 =
200

∑ 𝑥 = 9600

∑ 𝑥2
S.D = √ − (𝑥 )2
𝑛

∑ 𝑥2
3=√ − (48)2
200

Taking square on both side

∑ 𝑥2
9= − 2304
200
∑ 𝑥2
9 + 2304 =
200
∑ 𝑥2
= 2313 , ∑ 𝑥 2 = 2313 × 200
200

∑ 𝑥 2 = 462600
xx) If 𝝁𝟐 = 𝟒, 𝝁𝟒 = 𝟓𝟔, find 𝜷𝟐 .
𝜇
𝛽2 = (𝜇 4)2
2

56
𝛽2 = (4)2 𝛽2 = 3.5

11
 Exercise
1) Find the range -1, -3, 0, 2, 5, 8.
2) Calculate the Coefficient of range 13, 3, 7, 15, 17, 5, 23, 27.
3) If Var(x) = 25, find Var(2X + 4).
(𝟐𝐱 + 𝟓)
4) If Var(x) = 25, then find 𝑺. 𝑫 = .
𝟐
5) If Var(x) = 5 and y = 2x + 5 then what will be variance of y?
6) If lower quartile is 20 and quartile deviation is 5, find upper quartile.
7) What can you say about skewness if median = 76.29, 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟑𝟖 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟐𝟖.
8) If Karl Pearson’s Co – efficient of skewness is 0.32, mean = 29.6 and mode = 27.52. What
will be the standard deviation.
9) If n = 10 , ∑ 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎 , 𝑺 = 𝟐 then find co – efficient variation.
10) Given 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟏𝟕𝟓 then find co – efficient of quartile deviation.
11) If 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟑𝟔 then find quartile deviation.
12) If 𝑿 = 𝟏𝟖 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔 𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐟𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐜𝐨 – 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐯𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧.
13) Find Bowley’s coefficient of skewness. Given 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟖𝟒 , 𝑸𝟑 = 𝟕𝟗 and median = 81.
14) Calculate the range of 12, 3, 18, 7, 2, 5.
15) Given X = 2, 4, 6. Find mean deviation from median.
Q.No.1 Following are the marks obtained by 20 students, Calculate range and coefficient of range.
38,60,41,40,29,40,51,56,40,56,39,40,54,40,53,54,37,53,45,50.
Q.No.2 Following are the marks obtained by 20 students, Calculate lower quartile
𝑄1 and upper quartile 𝑄3 also Q.D and coefficient of Quartile. (Un-group data)
38,60,41,40,29,40,51,56,40,56,39,40,54,40,53,54,37,53,45,50.
Q.No.3 Find the semi inters quartile range and coefficient of Q.D from the following frequency
distribution.

Classes 5–9 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 34
f 9 36 75 85 16 7
Q.No.4 Calculate the Mean Deviation and Co-efficient of M.D from i) Mean
ii) Median iii) Mode. From the following data: 32, 45,37,46,39,36,41,48 and 36
Q.No.5 Calculate the Mean Deviation and Co-efficient of M.D from i) Mean ii) Median iii) Mode. From
the following frequency distribution.

Classes 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59 60 – 69 70 – 79
f 8 87 190 86 20
Q.No.6. Find mean deviation from mean to the following data:

Marks 5–9 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24 25 – 29 30 – 34
f 9 36 75 85 16 7
Q.No.7. Calculate quartile deviation for the data given below:

Groups 25 – 50 50 – 75 75 – 100 100 – 125 125 – 150 150 – 175

f 10 12 16 17 20 18

Q.No.8. Find Karl Pearson’s Co – efficient of skewness for the data given below:

Marks 1 –3 3–5 5 –7 7 –9
f 40 30 20 10

12
Q.No.9. Calculate mean deviation from mean to the following data:

X 110 120 130 140 150 160

f 2 6 7 7 8 2
Q.No.10. Find the first four moments about mean for the following frequency distribution.

X 12 14 16 18 20 22
f 1 4 6 10 7 2
Q.No.11 Calculate Variance and Co - efficient of variation from the following frequency distribution.

Wages 30 – 35 35 – 40 40 – 45 45 – 50 50 – 55 55 – 60
f 12 10 29 32 16 8
Q.No.12. Find Variance and Co - efficient of variation from the following set of values.
10, 18, 22, 24, 30, 34, 40, 55.
Q.No.13. Find Standard Deviation for the following frequency distribution.

X 5 10 15 20 25 30
f 3 7 20 10 5 4
Q.No.14. Calculate standard deviation and Co - efficient of mean deviation from median from the
following frequency distribution.

Classes 10 – 19 20 – 29 30 - 39 40 – 49 50 – 59
Frequency 5 25 40 20 10
Q.No.15. Lower and upper quartiles of a distribution are 142.36 and 167.73 respectively while median is
153.50. Find Co - efficient of skewness.
Q.No.16. Find moment ratio 𝑏1 and 𝑏2 . Given the first four moments about Y = 20 as – 2, 15, - 25 and
80 respectively.
Q.No.17. What you can about skewness of the following:
i) Mean = 67.45 , Mode = 64.35 , S = 2.92
ii) 𝑄1 = 136.62 , 𝑄3 = 153.13 , Median = 146
Q.No.18. Compute Bowley’s coefficient of skewness from the following data:

Classes 10 – 19 20 – 29 30 – 39 40 – 49 50 – 59
Frequency 14 25 40 32 17
Q.No.19. Compute quartile deviation and coefficient of quartile deviation from the following data:

Classes 60 – 62 63 – 65 66 – 68 69 – 71 72 – 74
Frequency 5 18 42 27 8
Q.No.20. First four moments of a distribution about X = 2 are 1, 2.5, 5.5, and 16. Calculate mean and
Co-efficient of variation.
Q.No.21. Find the S.D and Co-efficient of variation from following ungroup data by Direct and indirect
method. 5, 10,15,20,25
Q.No.22. Find S.D and Co-efficient of variation from the following data by i) Direct method
ii) Indirect method.

Hourly wages 40 − 𝟓𝟎 50 – 𝟔𝟎 60 − 𝟕𝟎 70 – 𝟖𝟎 80 − 𝟗𝟎
No. of Person 2 8 6 5 4

13
Q.No.23. Consider the following frequency distribution.

Hourly wages 40 − 𝟓𝟎 50 – 𝟔𝟎 60 − 𝟕𝟎 70 − 𝟖𝟎 80 – 𝟗𝟎
No. of Person 2 8 6 5 4
Compute Mean Deviation about Median and Median Coefficient of Dispersion.

Q.No.24. Consider the following frequency distribution.

Hourly wages 40 − 𝟓𝟎 50 – 𝟔𝟎 60 − 𝟕𝟎 70 − 𝟖𝟎 80 – 𝟗𝟎
No. of Person 2 8 6 5 4
Compute Coefficient of Variation.

Q.No.25 The height (in cms ) of 15 students measured at the time of registration is given by:
91, 89, 88, 87, 89, 91, 87, 92, 90, 98, 95, 97, 96, 100, 101
Calculate range and co – efficient of range.
Q.No.26. The ages of 20 patients to a certain hospital during a particular week were as follows:
48, 31, 54, 37, 18, 64, 61, 43, 40, 71, 51, 12, 52, 65, 53, 42, 39, 62, 74, 48
Calculate Quartile deviation and co – efficient of Quartile deviation.
Q.No.27. The frequency distribution of ages (in years) of 51 members of a locality is available in the
table. Calculate co – efficient of variation. Also interpret there results.

Classes 2 -4 4 - 8 8 - 12 12 - 16 16 - 20 20 - 24
frequency 5 10 12 14 6 4
Q.No.28. The frequency distribution of student heights (in cms) is available in the table. Calculate mean
deviation about mean.
Class
86 - 90 91 - 95 96 - 100 101 - 105 106 - 110 111 - 115
Intervals
frequency 6 4 10 6 36 1
Q.No.29 The group data available on insect growth population for age and corresponding frequencies
are given. Calculate variance

Classes 0 -4 4 - 8 8 - 12 12 - 16 16 - 20 20 - 24 24 - 28
frequency 2 5 7 8 7 4 1
Q.No.30. Find the first four moments about the mean from the following values:
4,7,9,5,8,3,6
Q.No.31. Calculate the first four moments about the mean from the following set of examination marks:
45, 32,37,46,39,36,41,48 and 36/

Prepared by: Darshan Jee

M.Sc: Statistics (Silver medalist)
Lecturer: Govt. Khawja Fareed Graduate College R.Y.Khan
(03081845584

14