4

CHAPTER

QUADRATIC
EQUATIONS
Chapter Objectives
This chapter will help you to understand :
¾¾ Quadratic equation, roots of a quadratic equation.
¾¾ Quadratic formula, finding of the roots of a quadratic equation.
¾¾ Discriminant of the quadratic equation.
¾¾ Existence of roots of a quadratic equation.

Quick Review
™™ A quadratic expression is defined as a polynomial of TIPS…
degree 2, which means that the leading term has a Rearrange and solve quadratic equation by using
variable with an exponent of 2. quadratic formula.
™™ The general form for a quadratic function is given as
f(x) =ax2 +bx +c. When the quadratic expression is Practice some questions by using quadratic formula.
equated to 0, it is then called a quadratic equation.
™™ In General Form, the coefficient a determines,
whether the parabola opens up or down. If the coefficient a is positive, the parabola will open upwards. If it is
negative, it will open downwards.
™™ The Quadratic Formula  : The quadratic
formula can be used to solve for finding the roots
of any quadratic equation. It can be also used to TRICKS…
determine no. of roots the quadratic equation can Combine like terms on one side of the equation.
have.
• Learn how to use methods of completing the
™™ A quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 has
square and factorisation.
(i) two distinct real roots, if b2 – 4ac > 0,
(ii) two equal roots (i.e., coincident roots), if b2
– 4ac = 0, and
(iii) no real roots, if b2 – 4ac < 0.
(iv) The solutions of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b, c ∈ R, a ≠ 0, b2 – 4ac ≥ 0, are given

by x =
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
2a

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 Multiple Choice Questions/True or False (1 mark each)

Q. 1. Which of the following is a quadratic equation? Sol. Correct option : (d)

(a) x2 + 2x + 1 = (4 – x)2 + 3 Explanation : x 3 – x 2 = x 3 − 1 − 3x( x − 1)
 2 x 3 – x 2 = x 3 − 1 − 3x 2 + 3x
(b) -2 x 2 = (5 - x)  2 x - 
 5 2 2
−x + 3x + 1 − 3x = 0
3
(c) ( k +1) x + x = 7, where k = −1
2
2x 2 − 3x + 1 = 0
2
(d) x3 – x2 = (x – 1)3 It is of the form of ax2 +bx +c=0.
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 1, Page 36]
68 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

Q. 2. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation? On comparing with ax2 +bx +c =0
(a) 2(x – 1)2 = 4x2 – 2x + 1 a = – 1, b= 3, c = – 3
(b) 2x – x2 = x2 + 5 −b −3 3
∴ Sum of the roots = = = =3
( ) +x 2a −1 2
2
(c) 2x + 3 2
= 3x 2 − 5x
Q. 6. Which of the following equations has two distinct
(d) (x2 + 2x)2 = x4 + 3 + 4x3 real roots?
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 2, Page 36] 9
(a) 2 x − 3 2 x + = 0
2
Sol. Correct option : (c) (b) x2 + x – 5 = 0
4
Explanation :
(c) x 2+3x+2 2=0 (d) 5x2 – 3x + 1 = 0
( ) + ( 3)
2 2
2x + 2 × 2x × 3 + x 2 = 3x 2 − 5x  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 9, Page 37]
Sol. Correct option : (b)
2x 2 + 3 + 2 6x + x 2 = 3x 2 − 5x
Explanation : x2 + x – 5 = 0
3x 2 + 2 6x + 3 = 3x 2 − 5x On comparing with ax2 +bx +c =0
( )
x 5+2 6 +3= 0 a = 1, b= 1, c = – 5
b2 – 4ac =0
It is not of the form of ax2 +bx +c = 0. (1) – 4 (1) (– 5) =1+20 =21>0
Q. 3. Which of the following equations has 2 as a root? Hence, the equation has two distinct real roots.
(a) x2 – 4x + 5 = 0 (b) x2 + 3x – 12 = 0 Q. 7. Values of k for which the quadratic equation
(c) 2x2 – 7x + 6 = 0 (d) 3x2 – 6x – 2 = 0 2x2 – kx + k = 0 has equal roots is
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 3, Page 36] (a) 0 only (b) 4
Sol. Correct option : (c) (c) 8 only (d) 0, 8
Explanation : Put the value of x =2 in 3x2 – 6x – 2 = 0  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 6, Page 37]
3(2)2 – 6(2) – 2 = 0 Sol. Correct option : (d)
  12 – 12 – 2=0 Explanation : Given equation is 2x2 – kx + k = 0
        12 – 14=0 On comparing with ax2 +bx +c =0
     – 2 ≠ 0 a = 2, b= – k, c= k
So, x =2 is not a root of 3x2 – 6x – 2 = 0 For equal roots b2 – 4ac =0
1 5 (– k)2 – 4 (2)(k) =0
Q. 4. If is a root of the equation x 2 + kx − =0 , then
2 4       k2 – 8 k = 0
the value of k is    k (k – 8) = 0
(a) 2 (b) – 2            k = 0, 8
1 1 Hence, the required values of k are 0 and 8.
(c) (d)
4 2 Q. 8. Which constant must be added and subtracted to
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 4, Page 37] 3
solve the quadratic equation 9x 2+ x − 2=0 by the
Sol. Correct option : (a) 4
1 method of completing the square?
Explanation : Since, is a root of the equation 1
2 (a) (b) 1
2 5 8 64
x + kx − =0,
4 1 9
(c) (d)
Then, 4 64
1
2
1 5  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 7, Page 37]
 2 + k 2 − 4 = 0 Sol. Correct option : (b)
   
Explanation : Given equation is
1 k 5
+ − =0 3
4 2 4 9x 2 + x − 2 = 0
4
k 5 1 1
= − (3x )2 + (3x ) = 2
2 4 4 4
k 1
2
1 1
2
=1 (3x )2 + (3x ) +   =   + 2
2 4 8 8
k=2 2
 1 1
Q. 5. Which of the following equations has the sum of  3x + 8  = 64 + 2
its roots as 3?  
(a) 2x2 – 3x + 6 = 0 (b) –x2 + 3x – 3 = 0 1
Thus, must be added and subtracted to solve
3 64
(c) 2 x 2 − x+1=0 (d) 3x2 – 3x + 3 = 0 the quadratic equation.
2
Q. 9. The quadratic equation 2 x 2 − 5 x + 1 = 0 has
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 5, Page 37]
(a) two distinct real roots (b) two equal real roots
Sol. Correct option : (b)
(c) no real roots (d) more than 2 real roots
Explanation : –x2 + 3x – 3 = 0
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 8, Page 37]
 x 4 + 1 + 2xQUADRATIC
2
− x 2 = 0 EQUATIONS | 69
x4 + x2 + 1 = 0
Sol. Correct option : (c) Let x2 = y
Explanation : 2x 2 − 5x + 1 = 0 ( x 2 )2 + x 2 + 1 = 0
On comparing with ax2 +bx +c =0 y2 + y + 1 = 0
a = 2, b= − 5 , c= 1
On comparing with ay2 +by +c =0
Discriminant =b2 – 4ac =( − 5 )2 – 4(2)(1) a = 1, b= 1, c =1
= 5 – 8 = – 3 <0 Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = (1)2 – 4(1)(1) =1 – 4
Therefore, the equation has no real roots. =–3<0
Q. 10. Which of the following equations has no real Therefore, the equation has no real roots.
roots? Q. 12. Write whether the following statements are true
(a) x 2 − 4 x + 3 2 = 0 or false. Justify your answers.
(i) Every quadratic equation has exactly one root.
(b) x 2 + 4 x − 3 2 = 0
(ii) Every quadratic equation has at least one real root.
(c) x 2 − 4 x − 3 2 = 0 (iii) Every quadratic equation has at least two roots.
(d) 3x 2 + 4 3x + 4 = 0 (iv) Every quadratic equation has at most two roots.
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 10, Page 37] (v) If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term of a
Sol. Correct option : (a) quadratic equation have opposite signs, then the
quadratic equation has real roots.
Explanation : x 2 − 4x + 3 2 = 0
(vi) If the coefficient of x2 and the constant term have
On comparing with ax2 +bx +c =0 the same sign and if the coefficient of x term is
a = 1, b= – 4, c = 3 2 zero, then the quadratic equation has no real roots.
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = (– 4 )2 – 4 (1)( 3 2 )  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.2, Q. 2, Page 38]
Sol. (i) False, since, a quadratic equation has two and
= 16 – 12 2
only two roots.
= 16 − 12 × 1.41 = 16 − 16.92
= – 0.92 < 0 (ii) False, for example x2 + 9 = 0 has no real root.
Therefore, the equation has no real roots. (iii) False, since, a quadratic equation has two and only
Q. 11. (x2 + 1)2 – x2 = 0 has two roots.
(a) four real roots (b) two real roots (iv) True, because every quadratic polynomial has
(c) no real roots (d) one real root. almost two roots.
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.1, Q. 11, Page 38] (v) True, since, in this case discriminant is always
Sol. Correct option : (c) positive, so it has always real roots, that is, ac < 0
and so, b2 – 4ac > 0.
Explanation : (x2 + 1)2 – x2 = 0
(vi) True, since, in this case discriminant is always
x 4 + 1 + 2x 2 − x 2 = 0
negative, so it has no real roots, that is, if b = 0,
x4 + x2 + 1 = 0 then b2 – 4ac ⇒ – 4ac < 0 and ac > 0.
x2 = y
2 2 2
(x ) + x + 1 = 0
Very Short
y + y + 1Answer
=0 2 Type Questions (1 or 2 marks each)

Q. 1. Check whether the following are quadratic It is of the form ax2 +bx+ c =0 [¼]
equations : Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
(i) (x + 1)2 = 2(x – 3) (iii)   (x – 2)(x + 1) = (x – 1)(x + 3)
(ii) x2 – 2x = (– 2)(3 – x) x2 +x – 2x – 2 =x2 +3x –x – 3
(iii) (x – 2)(x + 1) = (x – 1)(x + 3)   x2 – x – 2 =x2 +2x – 3
(iv) (x – 3)(2x +1) = x(x + 5)        3x – 1 =0
(v) (2x – 1)(x – 3) = (x + 5)(x – 1) It is not of the form ax2 +bx+ c =0 [¼]
(vi) x2 + 3x + 1 = (x – 2)2 Hence, the given equation is not a quadratic
(vii) (x + 2)3 = 2x(x2 – 1) equation.
(viii) x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = (x – 2)3 (iv)   (x – 3)(2x +1) = x(x + 5)

[NCERT Ex. 4.1, Q. 1, Page 73] 2x2 +x – 6x – 3 =x2 +5x
Sol. (i) (x + 1)2 = 2(x – 3)      x2 – 10x – 3 =0
 x2+1+2x =2x – 6 It is of the form ax2 +bx+ c =0 [¼]
       x2 +7 =0 Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
It is of the form ax2 +bx+ c =0 [¼]
(v)  (2x – 1)(x – 3) = (x + 5)(x – 1)
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
2x2 – 6x –x +3 = x2 –x +5x – 5
(ii)       x2 – 2x = (– 2) (3 – x)
 x2 – 11 x +8 =0
      x2 – 2x = – 6 +2x
It is of the form ax2 +bx+ c =0 [¼]
x2 – 4x +6 =0
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation.
70 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

(vi) x2 + 3x + 1 = (x – 2)2 Q. 5. Solve for x :

x2 + 3x + 1 = x2 +4 – 4x 3x2 − 2x − 8 3 = 0

      7x – 3 =0
 [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2017]
It is not of the form ax2 +bx+ c =0 [¼]
Sol. 3x 2 − 2x − 8 3 = 0
Hence, the given equation is not a quadratic equation.
(vii)             (x + 2)3 = 2x (x2 – 1) 3x 2 − 6x + 4x − 8 3 = 0
x3 +8 +6x (x +2) =2x3 – 2x 3x( x − 2 3 ) + 4( x − 2 3 ) = 0
x3 +8 +6x2 +12x =2x3 – 2x
( x − 2 3 )( 3x + 4) = 0
x3 – 6x2 – 14 x – 8 =0 [¼]
It is not of the form ax2 +bx+ c =0 −4
x= , 2 3
Hence, the given equation is not a quadratic 3  [2]
equation. Q. 6. Represent the following situations in the form of
(viii) x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = (x – 2)3 quadratic equations :
x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = x3 – 8 – 6x (x – 2) (i) The area of a rectangular plot is 528 m2. The length of
x3 – 4x2 – x + 1 = x3 – 8 – 6x2 + 12x the plot (in metres) is one more than twice its breadth.
   2x2 – 13x +9 =0 We need to find the length and breadth of the plot.
It is of the form ax2 +bx+ c =0 [¼] (ii) The product of two consecutive positive integers
Hence, the given equation is a quadratic equation. is 306. We need to find the integers.
Q. 2. If one root of the quadratic equation 6x2 – x – k = 0  [NCERT Ex. 4.1, Q. 2, Page 73]
3 Sol. (i) Let the breadth of the rectangular plot = x m
is , then find the value of k. Length of the plot = (2x + 1) m
2
 [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2017] Area of rectangle = length × breadth = 528 m2
Sol.      6x2 – x – k = 0 According to question,
3
Q one root of the given equation =  (2x+1) × x = 528
2
       2x2 + x =528
2
3 3 2x2 + x – 528 = 0 [1]
\ 6  −   − k = 0
2 2 This is the form of quadratic equation where the
9 3 breadth is in metres.
6× − = k (ii) Let the first integer be = x
4 2
27 3 Next consecutive positive integer = x +1
− =k According to question,
2 2
     x (x +1) =306
24
k=       x2+ x = 306
2
x2+ x – 306 = 0 [1]
k = 12  [1] This is the form of quadratic equation where x is
Q. 3. Solve for x : the smallest positive integer.
3 x 2 + 10 x − 8 3 = 0 Q. 7. Find the roots of the quadratic equations by
 [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2017] applying the quadratic formula.
(i) 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0
Sol.             3x 2 + 10x − 8 3 = 0 (ii) 2x2 + x – 4 = 0
3x 2 + 12x − 2x − 8 3 = 0 (iii) 4x2+ 4 3x + 3 = 0
3x( x + 4 3 ) − 2( x + 4 3 ) = 0 (iv) 2x2 + x + 4 = 0 [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 2, Page 87]
Sol. (i) 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0
( 3x − 2)( x + 4 3 ) = 0 On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0, we get
2 a = 2, b = – 7, c =3
x= , −4 3 [2]
3 By using quadratic formula, we get
Q. 4. Solve for x : − b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
3 x + 10 x + 7 3 = 0
2
2a
 [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2017] 7 ± 49 − 24
x=
Sol. 3x 2 + 10 x + 7 3 = 0 4
7 ± 25
3x 2 + 7 x + 3x + 7 3 = 0 x=
4
3x 2 + 3x + 7 x + 7 3 = 0 7+5 7−5
x= or
3x( x + 3 ) + 7( x + 3 ) = 0 4 4
12 2
( 3x + 7 )( x + 3 ) = 0 x= or
4 4
−7 1
x= ,− 3 [2] ∴ x = 3 or
3 2 [¼]

 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS | 71
(ii) 2x2 + x – 4 = 0 2 2
7 7 7 3
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0, we get x2 − 2 × x × + = −
4  4   4  2
a = 2, b = 1, c = – 4
2
By using quadratic formula, we get  7 49 3
 x − 4  = 16 − 2
−b ± b 2 − 4ac  
x=
2a  7 25
 x − 4  = 16
−1 ± 1 + 32  
x=
4  7 5
x − 4 = ± 4
−1 ± 33  
x=
4 7 5
x= ±
−1 + 33 −1 − 33 4 4
∴x = or [¼]
4 4 77 55 77 55
xx =
= + + or or xx = = −
−
(iii) 4x 2 + 4 3x + 3 = 0 44 44 44 44
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0, 12
12 22
we get xx=
= or
or xx=
=
4
4 44
a = 4, b = 4 3 , c = 3 11
By using quadratic formula, we get xx =
= 33 oror xx=
=
22 [¼]
2
−b ± b − 4ac (ii) 2
2x + x – 4 = 0
x=
2a      2x2 + x = 4
−4 3 ± 48 − 48 On dividing both sides of the equation by 2, we
x=
8 obtain
−4 3 ± 0 1
x= x2 + x = 2
8 2
− 3  1
2
∴x = on adding   to both sides of the equation, we
2  [¼]  4
2
(iv) 2x + x + 4 = 0 obtain
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0, 2 2
we get 1 1 1
( x )2 + 2 × x × + =2+ 
a = 2, b =1, c = 4 4  4  4
By using quadratic formula, we get  1  33
2

−b ± b 2 − 4ac  x + 4  = 16
x=  
2a  1 33
−1 ± 1 − 32  x + 4  = 16
x=  
4 1 33

−1 ± −31 x + 4 = ± 4
x=  
4
33 1
Since, the square of a number cannot be negative. x=± −
4 4
Hence, there is no real root for this equation. [¼]
Q. 8. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations, ± 33 − 1
x=
if they exist, by the method of completing the 4
square : 33 − 1 − 33 − 1
(i) 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0 (ii) 2x2 + x – 4 = 0 x= or x = [¼]
2 4 4
(iii) 4x + 4 3 x + 3 = 0 (iv) 2x2 + x + 4 = 0
 [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 1, Page 87] (iii) 4x 2 + 4 3x + 3 = 0

( 3)
2
Sol. (i) 2x2 – 7x + 3 = 0 ( 2x )2 + 2 × 2x × 3 + =0
2x2 – 7x = – 3
On dividing both sides of the equation by 2, we ( 2x + 3 )2 = 0
obtain ( 2x + 3 ) = 0 or ( 2x + 3 ) = 0
7 −3
x2 − x = − 3 − 3
2 2 x= or x=
2 2
7 −3
x2 − 2 × x × = (iv) 2x2 + x + 4 = 0
4 2
        2x2 + x = – 4
2
 7 On dividing both sides of the equation by 2, we
on adding   to both sides of equation, we
 4 obtain
obtain
72 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

1 Sol. Given quadratic equation is, x2 + bx + c = 0  (i)

x 2 + x = −2 Also given that b = 0 and c < 0
2
1 Putting b = 0 in equation (i), we get :
2
x + 2 × x × = −2 x2 +0+c =0
4
2
         x2 = – c
 1      x =± − c
on adding   to both sides of the equation, we
 4
     x = + −c , − −c  [2]
obtain Hence, the roots of given equation are numerically
2
1 1 1
2
equal and opposite in sign.
( x )2 + 2 × x × + = −2
4  4   4  Q. 14. Find the roots of the quadratic equations by using
2 the quadratic formula in each of the following :
 1 1
(i) x - 3 5 x +10 = 0
2
 x + 4  = 16 − 2
  1 2
2 (ii) x − 11 x + 1 = 0
 1 31 2
 x + 4  = − 16  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.3, Q. 1, Page 40]
 
The square of a number cannot be negative. Sol. (i) x 2 − 3 5x + 10 = 0
Therefore, there is no real root for this equation. [2] On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
Q. 9. A quadratic equation with integral coefficient has we get
integral roots. Justify your answer. a = 1, b = – 3 5 , c =10
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.2, Q. 3, Page 39] By using quadratic formula, we get
Sol. No, consider the quadratic equation 2x2 + x – 6=0
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
with integral coefficient. The roots of the given x=
quadratic equation are – 2 and 3/2 , in which one of 2a
the roots is not integer. Hence, a quadratic equation 3 5 ± 45 − 40
with integral coefficients has integral roots is x=
2
justified. [2]
3 5± 5
Q. 10. Does there exist a quadratic equation whose x=
2
coefficients are rational but both of its roots are
irrational? Justify your answer. x= 3 5 + 5 ,3 5 − 5
2 2
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.2, Q. 4, Page 39]
x = 2 5, 5  [1]
Sol. Yes,  it is possible for a quadratic equation with
rational coefficients to have both the roots are Roots are 2 5 , 5 .
irrational 1 2
(ii) x − 11x + 1 = 0
For example : x2 – 4x – 3 = 0 2
+ 4 ± ( −4 )2 − 4(1)( −3) On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
x= we get
2×1 1
a = , b = – 11 , c =1
4 ± 28 2
= By using quadratic formula, we get
2
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
x = ( 2 + 7 ) and x = ( 2 − 7 ) which are irrational x=
2a
 [2]
11 ± 11 − 2
Q. 11. Does there exist a quadratic equation whose x=
1
coefficients are all distinct irrationals but both the
roots are rationals? Why? 11 ± 3
x=
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.2, Q. 5, Page 39] 1
Sol. Yes,  consider the quadratic equation with all distinct x = 11 + 3, 11 − 3
irrational coefficients, i.e., 3x 2 − 7 3x + 12 3 = 0 . Roots are 11 + 3, 11 − 3 . [1]
The roots of this quadratic equation are 3 and 4, 2
which are rationals. [2] Q. 15. If x = and x = −3 are roots of the quadratic
3
Q. 12. Is 0.2 a root of the equation x2 – 0.4 = 0? Justify.
equation ax2 +7x +b = 0, find the values of a and b.
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.2, Q. 6, Page 39]
 [CBSE Board, Delhi Region/All India Region, 2016]
Sol. No, since 0.2 does not satisfy the quadratic equa- Sol. Given, ax2 + 7x + b = 0
tion, i.e., (0.2)2 – 0.4 = 0.04 – 0.4 ≠0. [2]
2
Q. 13. If b = 0, c < 0, is it true that the roots of x2 + bx + and x = , x = – 3 are roots, then the equation will
3
c = 0 are numerically equal and opposite in sign?
Justify. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.2, Q. 7, Page 39] be
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS | 73

 2      4k2 – 4k2 + 4k – 8 = 0

 x −  (x – (– 3))=0               4k =8
       3
           k = 2 [2]
 2 Hence, the value of k is 2.
⇒         x −  (x+3) = 0
 3 Q. 19. Solve for x :
 2 1 1 1
⇒ x 2 −   x+3x – 2 = 0 − = , x ≠ 3, − 5
 3 x - 3 x +5 6
 [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2016]
⇒    3x² – 2x+9x – 6=0
⇒              3x²+7x – 6=0 is the required equation. [1] 1 1 1
Sol. − = , x ≠ 3, -5
Compare the equation with ax²+7x+b=0 x −3 x+5 6
x+5−x+3 1
Therefore, a=3, b= – 6 [1] =
Q. 16. Find the value of p, for which one root of the ( x − 3)( x + 5) 6
quadratic equation px2 – 14x + 8 = 0 is 6 times the 48 = x 2 + 2x − 15
other. [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017] x 2 + 2x − 63 = 0
Sol. Let the roots of the given equation be a and 6a. x 2 + 9x − 7 x − 63 = 0
Thus the quadratic equation is (x – a)(x – 6a) = 0
x( x + 9) − 7( x + 9) = 0
x2 – 6ax – ax + 6a2 = 0
( x + 9)( x − 7 ) = 0
    x2 – 7ax +6a2 =0 ...(i)
2 14 8 ( x + 9) = 0, or ( x − 7 ) = 0
Given equation can be written as x − x+ ...(ii)
p p x = −9, or x=7
Comparing the co-efficient in (i) & (ii)  [2]
Q. 20. Solve for x :
14
   – 7a = − ...(iii)
p 2 x +9 + x = 13
8  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2016]
      6a2 = ...(iv)
p Sol. 2x + 9 + x = 13
2
      a =  [from iii] 2x + 9 = 13 − x
p
On squaring both sides,
Put the value of a in (iv)
2
           2x +9 = (13 –x)2
2 8            2x +9 =169 +x2 – 26x
6   =
p
  p      2
x – 28x +160 =0
6× 4        x2 – 20x – 8x+160=0 [1]
      p = =3 [2]
8 x(x – 20) – 8(x – 20) = 0
Hence, the value of p is 3.         (x – 20) (x – 8)
Q. 17. Find the roots of the quadratic equation         x=20, 8 [1]
2 x2 +7x+5 2 = 0. Q. 21. If x=3 is one root of the quadratic equation
 [CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2017] x2 – 2kx – 6 =0, then find the value of k.
Sol.     2 x2 +7x+5 2 = 0.  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2018]
2
Sol. x – 2kx – 6 =0
     2 x2 +2x +5x+5 2 =0
Given, x = 3 is one of the root, then on putting
2 x(x + 2 ) +5(x+ 2 )=0 x = 3 in given equation, we have
        ( 2 x+5)( x+ 2 ) =0 (3)2 – 2(k)(3) – 6 = 0
        9 – 6k – 6 = 0
x= − 5 ,–
             2
2        3 – 6k = 0
− 5         3 = 6k
Hence, the roots of the equation are , – 2 . [2]
2 3
Q. 18. Find the value of k for which the equation          k=
6
x2 +k(2x+k −1)+2 = 0 has real and equal roots.
1
 [CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2017]         
k=
Sol.   x2 + k(2x + k – 1) + 2 = 0 2
x2 + 2kx + (k2 – k + 2) = 0 1
Hence, the value of k =  [2]
For real and equal roots, 2
           b2 – 4ac = 0
74 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

Short Answer Type Questions (3 or 4 marks each)

Q. 1. Solve for x : (b) A train travels a distance of 480 km at a uniform

1 2 1 3 speed. If the speed had been 8 km/h less, then it
+ = , x ≠ 0, , 2
x 2 x - 3 x - 2 2 would have taken 3 hours more to cover the same
 [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2016] distance. We need to find the speed of the train.
1 2 1 3  [NCERT Ex. 4.1, Q. 2, Page 73]
Sol. + = , x ≠ 0, , 2 Sol. (a) Let the present age of Rohan be x years
x 2x − 3 x − 2 2
2x − 3 + 2x 1 Rohan’s mother's age = (x + 26) years
= 3 years hence,
2x 2 − 3x x−2
( 4x − 3)( x − 2) = 2x 2 − 3x Rohan’s age = x + 3
His mother’s age = x + 26 + 3 = x + 29
4x 2 − 11x + 6 − 2x 2 + 3x = 0
According to question,
2 x 2 − 8x + 6 = 0        (x + 3)(x + 29) = 360
x 2 − 4x + 3 = 0  x2 + 29x + 3x + 87 = 360
x 2 − 3x − x + 3 = 0 x2 + 32x + 87 – 360 = 0
x( x − 3) − 1( x − 3) = 0      x2 + 32x – 273 = 0
( x − 3)( x − 1) = 0 This is the form of quadratic equation where x is
Rohan’s present age (in years).
( x − 3) = 0 or ( x − 1) = 0
x 2 + 32x − 273 = 0
x = 3, or x = 1  [3]
2 2 2 2 ⇒ x 2 + 39x − 7 x − 273 = 0
Q. 2. If the equation (1+m ) x +2mcx+c – a = 0 has
equal roots then show that c2 = a2(1+m2 ). ⇒ x ( x + 39 ) − 7( x + 39) = 0
 [CBSE Board, Delhi Region, 2017] ⇒ ( x + 39)( x − 7 ) = 0
Sol. (1+m2) x2 +2mcx+c2 – a2 = 0 ⇒ x = −39 or 7
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
We can’t take x = – 39, because age can not be ever
we get
negative.
a = (1+m2), b =2mc, c = c2 – a2
Hence, the Rohan’s age will be 7 years. [1½]
For equal roots,      b2 – 4ac = 0
(b) Let the speed of the train be x km/h
   (2mc)2 – 4 (1+m2) (c2 –a2) =0
Distance travelled = 480 km
   4m2c2 – 4(1 + m2)(c2 – a2) = 0 480
m c – c2 – m2c2 + a2 + m2a2 = 0
2 2
[3] ∴ Time taken = hr
x
           c2 = a2(1 + m2) New speed = (x – 8) km/h
 Hence Proved. 480
Time taken for the same distance = hr
Q. 3. Three consecutive natural numbers are such that x −8
the square of the middle number exceeds the According to question
difference of the squares of the other two by 60. 480 480
        – =3
Find the numbers. x −8 x
 [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2016] 480x − 480( x − 8)
       =3
Sol. Since, the middle number of the three consecutive x ( x − 8)
numbers is x, the other two numbers are x – 1 and 480x − 480x + 3840 = 3x 2 − 24x
x +1.
According to question,  3x 2 − 24x − 3840 =0
x² = [(x +1)² – (x – 1)²] +60      x 2 − 8x − 1280 = 0
x² = (x² +2x +1) – (x² – 2x +1) +60 = 4x +60 [1] This is the required form of quadratic equation
   x² – 4x – 60 = 0 where x is the speed of the train in x km/h.
(x – 10) (x +6) = 0 [1] x 2 − 8x − 1280 = 0
(x – 10) = 0 or (x + 6) = 0 ⇒ x 2 − 40x + 32x − 1280 = 0
          x = 10 or – 6
⇒ x 2 + 32x − 40x − 1280 = 0
Since, x is a natural number, we get x = 10
⇒ x ( x + 32) − 40( x + 32) = 0
Hence, the required three numbers are 9, 10, 11 [1]
Q. 4. Represent the following situations in the form of ⇒ ( x + 32)( x − 40) = 0
quadratic equations : ( x + 32) = 0 or ( x − 40) = 0
(a) Rohan’ s mother is 26 years older than him. The ⇒ x = −32 or 40
product of their ages (in years) 3 years from now
will be 360. We would like to find Rohan’s present Since, negative value of speed doesn’t exist .
age. Hence, speed of train is 40 km/hr.  [1½]
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS | 75
Q. 5. A train travels at a certain average speed for a x2+ x2+ 2x + 1 – 365 = 0
distance of 63 km and then travels at a distance of       2x2+ 2x – 364 = 0
72 km at an average speed of 6 km/hr more than its        2 (x2 +x – 182) = 0
original speed. If it takes 3 hours to complete total          x2+x – 182 = 0
journey, what is the original average speed? 2
  x + 14x – 13x – 182 = 0
 [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2018]     x (x+14) – 13(x+14) = 0 [2]
Sol. Let the original average speed =x km/hr    (x – 13)(x+14) = 0
Distance covered at x km/hr = 63 km or    (x– 13) = 0 or (x+14) = 0
63               x = 13 or x = – 14
Time taken to cover 63 km = hr ...(i)
x Since, the required integers are positive, x can only
New average speed = (x+6) km/hr
be 13.
Distance covered at new speed = 72 km [1]
72 ∴      x +1 = 13+1 = 14
Time taken to cover 72 km = hr ...(ii) Therefore, two consecutive integers are 13 and 14.
x+6
Total time taken to cover the journey =3 hours  [1]
According to question and from (i) & (ii), we have Q. 8. If ad ≠ bc, then prove that the equation (a2 + b2)
63 72 x2 + 2(ac + bd) x + (c2 + d2) = 0 has no real roots.
         + =3  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017]
x x+6
Sol. D = 4(ac + bd)2 – 4(a2 + b2)(c2 + d2)
63 72
+ =3  = – 4(a2d2 + b2c2 – 2abcd)
x x+6  = – 4(ad – bc)2
63 x + 378 + 72 x Since ad ≠ bc (given) [3]
=3
x( x + 6) Therefore D < 0
135 x + 378 = 3x 2 + 18 x and the equation has no real roots. Hence proved.
3x 2 − 117 x − 378 = 0 Q. 9. The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than
its base. If the hypotenuse is 13 cm, find the other
x 2 − 39 x − 126 = 0 two sides. [NCERT Ex. 4.2, Q. 5, Page 76]
2
x − 42 x + 3x − 126 = 0 Sol. Let the base of a right triangle = x cm
x( x − 42) + 3( x − 42) = 0 Altitude = (x – 7) cm and
( x − 42)( x + 3) = 0 Hypotenuse = 13 cm
By Pythagoras theorem,
( x − 42) = 0 or ( x + 3) = 0
(Base)2+ (Perpendicular)2 = Hypotenuse2
x = 42, or x = −3  [2]          x2 + (x – 7)2 = 169
– 3, is not valid because negative value of speed     x2 + x2+ 49 – 14x = 169
doesn't exist.  2x2– 14x + 49 – 169 = 0
Hence, the original average speed =42 km/hr. [1]       2x2 – 14x – 120 = 0
Q. 6. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product     x2 – 7x – 60 = 0
is 182. [NCERT Ex. 4.2, Q. 3, Page 76]    x2 – 12x + 5x – 60 = 0 [2]
Sol. Let the first number be x x(x – 12) + 5( x – 12) = 0
Their sum is 27       (x – 12) (x + 5) = 0
Other number = (27 – x)   x – 12 = 0 or x + 5 = 0
Their product = 182.             x = 12 or x=–5
According to question Since, length cannot be negative
          x(27 – x) = 182 So, base x = 12 cm and
      27x – x2 – 182 = 0 Altitude = (12 – 7) = 5 cm
      x2 – 27x + 182 = 0 Thus, the two sides of a right triangle are 5 cm and
x 2 − 13x − 14x + 182 = 0 12 cm.[1]
x( x − 13) − 14( x − 13) = 0 Q. 10. A cottage industry produces a certain number
of pottery articles in a day. It was observed on a
( x − 13)( x − 14) = 0 particular day that the cost of production of each
x − 13 = 0 or x − 14 = 0 article (in rupees) was 3 more than twice the
x = 13 or x = 14 [2] number of articles produced on that day. If the

total cost of production on that day was Rs.`90,
Therefore, the numbers are 13 and 14. [1] find the number of articles produced and the cost
Q. 7. Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of of each article. [NCERT Ex. 4.2, Q. 6, Page 76]
whose squares is 365. Sol. Let the number of articles produced be x.
 [NCERT Ex. 4.2, Q. 4, Page 76] The cost of production of each article = ` (2x + 3)
Sol. Let the consecutive positive integers be x, x+1 Given, total cost of production on that day was ` 90
Sum of whose squares is 365 Then, according to question,
According to question,            x(2x + 3) = 90
        x2+ (x + 1)2 = 365           2 x2 + 3x – 90 = 0
76 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

  2x2 +15x – 12x – 90 = 0 Sol. (x – a)(x – b) + (x – b)(x – c) + (x – c)(x – a) = 0

x (2 x +15 ) – 6(2x + 15) = 0 [2]         3x2 – 2(a + b + c)x + ab + bc + ca = 0
      (x – 6 )(2x +15 ) = 0 For equal roots, we have    (b2 – 4ac=0)
     (x +6) = 0 or (2x – 15) = 0     4(a + b + c)2 – 12(ab + bc + ca) = 0
          x = 6 or x = –
15 2[2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 – 2ab – 2bc – 2ca] = 0 [3]
2 a – b = 0, b – c = 0, c – a = 0
Since, the number of articles cannot be negative.
a = b, b = c, c = a. Hence Proved.
Hence, the number of articles produced = 6 and
Q. 14. Solve for x :
Cost of each article = 2 × 6 + 3 = ` 15 [1]
1 1 1 1
Q. 11. In a class test, the sum of Shefali’s marks in = + + , where, a + b + x ≠ 0, a , b , x ≠ 0
Mathematics and English is 30. Had she got a+b+x a b x
2 marks more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in  [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2017]
English, the product of their marks would have 1 1 1 1
been 210. Find her marks in the two subjects. Sol. − = +
a+b+x x a b
 [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 5, Page 88]
−( a + b ) b+a
Sol. Let the marks scored by Shefali in Mathematics = x =
Then marks scored by Shefali in English = (30 – x) x 2 + ( a + b )x ab
According to question , x 2 + ( a + b )x + ab = 0
        (x+2)(30 – x – 3) = 210 ( x + a )( x + b ) = 0
   (x +2)(27 –x ) = 210
x = − a , −b  [3]
    27 x – x2 + 54 – 2x = 210
    25 x – x2 + 54 – 210 = 0 Q. 15. Find the positive value(s) of k for which quadratic
  – x2 + 25 x – 156 = 0 equations x2 + kx + 64 = 0 and x2 – 8x + k = 0 both
      x2 – 25x +156 = 0 will have real roots.
2
 x – 12x – 13x+156 = 0 [2]  [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2016]
  x(x – 12) – 13(x – 12) = 0 Sol.    x² + kx + 64 = 0
       ( x – 12)(x – 13) = 0 Discriminant = D
      (x – 12) = 0 or (x – 13 ) = 0 = k² – 4 × 1 × 64
              x =12 or x = 13 = k² – 256
If the marks in Maths are 12, then marks in English       x² – 8x+k = 0
will be (30 – 12) =18 [½] Discriminant = D’
If the marks in Maths are 13, then marks in English = (– 8)² – 4 × 1 × k
will be (30 – 13) = 17 [½] = 64 – 4k
Q. 12. Solve the given quadratic equation for x : If both the given equations have real roots then
9x2 – 9(a + b)x + (2a2 + 5ab + 2b2 ) = 0. D ≥ 0 and D’ ≥ 0
 [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2016] i.e., k² – 256 ≥ 0
Sol. 9x2 – 9(a + b) x + (2a2 + 5ab + 2b2) = 0 or, k² ≥ 256
a = 9, b = – 9(a + b), c = (2a2 + 5ab + 2b2) or, k≥ 16 ...(i) [1]
Roots of the equation ax2 + bx + c are 64 – 4k≥0
−b ± b 2 − 4ac or, – 4k≥ – 64
= or, 4k≤64
2a
or, k≤16 ...(ii) [1]
9( a + b ) ± 81( a + b )2 − 36( 2a 2 + 5ab + 2b 2 )
= From (i) and (ii) we conclude that, k = 16. [1]
18 Q. 16. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres
9a + 9b ± 9a 2 + 9b 2 − 18ab more than the shorter side. If the longer side is 30
=
18 metres more than the shorter side, find the sides
9a + 9b ± 3( a − b ) of the field. [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 6, Page 88]
= Sol. Let the shorter side of the rectangle be x m.
18
9a + 9b + 3a − 3b 9a + 9b − 3a + 3b Then, larger side of the rectangle = (x + 30) m
= , Diagonal of a rectangular field = (x+60) m
18 18
12a + 6b 6a + 12b A D
= ,
18 18
B C
2a + b a + 2b
= , [2] In the right angled ∆ BCD
3 3
(BD)2 = (BC)2 + (CD)2 [By Pythagoras theorem]
2a + b a + 2b .
Roots of the equation are , [1] (x+60)2 = (x +30)2 + (x)2
3 3  x 2 + 3600 + 2 × x × 60 = x + 900 + 2 × x × 30 +x2
2

Q. 13. If the roots of the quadratic equation (x – a)(x – b)

+ (x – b)(x – c) + (x – c)(x – a) = 0 are equal, then x 2 + 120x + 3600 = 2x2 + 60x +900
show that a= b = c. 0 = 2x2 +60x +900 – x 2 − 120x − 3600
 [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2017] 0 = x − 60x − 2700
2
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS | 77

        x 2 − 60x − 2700 = 0 x −8+ x

=
 x2 – 90x +30x – 2700 = 0 x ( x − 8)
x (x – 90) +30(x – 90) = 0 [2] 2x − 8
=
      (x – 90) (x +30) = 0 x ( x − 8)
    (x – 90) = 0 or (x + 30) = 0 According to question,
             x = 90 or x = – 30 1 1
              + =
Since, the length of a side cannot be negative. x x − 8 48
        2 x − 8 = 5
Therefore, the length of the shorter side = 90 m
and x( x − 8) 48
The length of the longer side = (x +30)       5x2 – 136x+384= 0
= 90+30 = 110 m.[1]   5x2 – 120x – 16x +384 =0 [2]
  5x(x – 24) – 16( x – 24) = 0
Q. 17. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the
     (x – 24)(5x – 16) = 0
difference of their perimeters is 24 m, find the
sides of the two squares. Either        x – 24 = 0 or 5x – 16 =0
16
 [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 11], Page 88            x = 24 or x =
Sol. Let the sides of the two squares be a and b. 5
Their areas be a2 and b2. When x = 24, then the tap of smaller diameter can fill
Their perimeter be 4a and 4b. the tank in 24 hours and the tap of larger diameter
can fill the tank in 24 – 8 = 16 hours. [1]
According to question,
Q. 19. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180.
           4a – 4 b = 24 The square of the smaller number is 8 times the
          4 (a – b) =24 larger number. Find the two numbers.
           a–b=6 [Given]  [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 7, Page 88]
           b = a– 6 ...(i) Sol. Let the larger number be x
             a2 + b2 = 468 [Given] ...(ii) The smaller number be y
        a2 + (a – 6 )2 =468 [using (i)] y2 = 8x (Given) ...(i)
2 2
a +a +36 – 12a – 468 =0 According to question
      2a2 – 12 a – 432 =0         x2 – y2 = 180 (Given) ...(ii)
2
           x – ( 8x ) = 180 [using (i)]
         a2 – 6a – 216 = 0
2        x2 – 8x – 180 = 0
     a – 18a +12a – 216 =0
 x2 – 18x +10x – 180 = 0
   a (a– 18) +12 (a – 18) = 0 [2] x(x – 18) +10(x – 18) = 0 [2]
        (a – 18)(a+12) = 0        (x – 18)(x+10) = 0
       (a – 18) = 0 or (a+12) = 0         (x – 18) = 0 or (x+10) = 0
            a =18 or a = – 12             x = 18 or x = – 10
As the side of the square cannot be negative. Hence, the larger number be 18. [½]
Therefore the side of the square is 18 m and y2 = 8x
Side of another square, i.e, b = a – 6 = 18 – 6 y 2 = 8 × 18
=12 m. [1] y 2 = 144
Q. 18. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 hours
y = 144
36 minutes. The tap of larger diameter takes 8
hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank y = 12
separately. Find the time in which each tap can \ The smaller number, y = 12. [½]
separately fill the tank. Q. 20. Find the roots of the following equations :
 [CBSE Board, Foreign, 2016] 1
(a) x - = 3, x ≠ 0
Sol. Let the time taken by the tap of smaller diameter = x
x years 1 1 11
(b) − = , x ≠ −4, 7
Therefore, time taken by the tap of larger diameter x + 4 x - 7 30
= (x – 8 ) hours  [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 3, Page 88]
Work done by the tap of smaller diameter in one 1
Sol. (a) x − = 3, x ≠ 0
1 x
hour =
x x2 − 1
=3
And the work done by the tap of larger diameter in x
1 x 2 − 1 = 3x
one hour =
x −8 x 2 − 3x − 1 = 0
Thus, the work done by the 2 taps together in 1 On comparing this equation with ax2+bx+c=0, we
hour obtain
1 1 a=1, b= – 3, c= – 1
= +
x x −8 By using quadratic formula, we obtain
78 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

Q. 22. Is it possible to design a rectangular mango grove

−b ± b 2 − 4ac
x= whose length is twice its breadth, and the area is
2a 800 m2? If so, find its length and breadth.
3± 9+ 4  [NCERT Ex. 4.4, Q. 3, Page 91]
x=
2 Sol. Let the breadth of a rectangular mango grove be
3 ± 13 x m.
x= Length of a rectangular mango grove be 2x m.
2 3 + 13
Therefore, the roots of the equation are , Area = Length × breadth
2
3 − 13  Area = 800 m2
. [1½]  x(2x) =800
2
1 1 11        2x2 =800
(b) − = , x ≠ − 4, 7 800
x + 4 x − 7 30   x 2 =
x − 7 − ( x + 4) 11 2
=       x2 = 400 [2]
( x + 4)( x − 7 ) 30
x2 – 400 = 0
−11 11
= Comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0, we
x 2 − 7 x + 4x − 28 30 obtain
−1 1 a = 1, b= 0, c = – 400
=
x 2 − 3x − 28 30 Discriminant = b2 – 4ac =0 – 4(1)(– 400)
−30 = x 2 − 3x − 28 = 0 +1600=1600
x 2 − 3x − 28 + 30 = 0 As b2 – 4ac >0
Therefore, the equation will have equal roots.
x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0
Hence, the desired rectangular mango grove can
2
x − 2x − x + 2 = 0 be designed.
x( x − 2) − 1( x − 2) = 0 x = ± 400
( x − 2)( x − 1) = 0 x = ±20
( x − 2) = 0 or ( x − 1) = 0 Breadth =20 m
x = 2 or x = 1 Length = 2 × 20=40 m [1]
Therefore, the roots of the equation are 1 and 2. Q. 23. Is the following situation possible? If so,
 [1½] determine their present ages. The sum of the
Q. 21. Find the values of k for each of the following ages of two friends is 20 years. Four years ago, the
quadratic equations, so that they have two equal product of their ages in years was 48.
roots.  [NCERT Ex. 4.4, Q. 4, Page 91]
(a) 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0 Sol. Let the present age of one friend be x years.
(b) kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0 [NCERT Ex. 4.4, Q. 2, Page 91] Present Age of the other friend be (20 − x) years.
Sol. (a) 2x2 + kx + 3 = 0 4 years ago, age of 1 friend = (x − 4) years
Comparing equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we And, age of other friend = (20 − x − 4)
obtain = (16 − x) years
a = 2, b = k, c = 3 According to question
Discriminant = b2 − 4ac = (k)2 − 4(2)(3)      (x − 4)(16 − x) = 48
= k2 − 24 16x − 64 – x2 + 4x = 48
For equal roots,    − x2 + 20x − 112 = 0
Discriminant = 0      x2 − 20x + 112 = 0 [2]
k2 − 24 = 0 Comparing this equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we obtain
      k2 = 24 a = 1, b = −20, c = 112
       k = ± 24 = ±2 6  [1½] Discriminant = b2 − 4ac = (− 20)2 − 4(1)(112)
(b)   kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0 = 400 − 448 = −48
kx2 − 2kx + 6 = 0 As b2 − 4ac < 0,
Comparing this equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we As age cannot be negative, therefore, no real root is
obtain possible for this equation and hence, this situation
a = k, b = −2k, c = 6 is not possible. [1]
Discriminant = b2 − 4ac = (− 2k)2 − 4 (k) (6) Q. 24. Is it possible to design a rectangular park of
= 4k2 − 24k perimeter 80 m and area 400 m2? If so, find its
For equal roots, length and breadth.[NCERT Ex. 4.4, Q. 5, Page 91]
     b2 − 4ac = 0 Sol. Let the length and breadth of the park be l and b.
4k2 − 24k = 0 Perimeter = 2(l + b) = 80 m
  4k(k − 6) = 0 l + b = 40 m
     4k = 0 or (k – 6) = 0       b = (40 – l) m
        k = 0 or k = 6 [1½] Area = l × b = l(40 − l) = (40l – l2) m2
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS | 79
         40l – l2 = 400
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
l2− 40l + 400 = 0 =
2a
Comparing this equation with
ax2 + bx + c = 0, we obtain 9( a + b ) ± 81( a + b )2 − 36( 2a 2 + 5ab + 2b 2 )
=
a = 1, b = – 40, c = 400 18
Discriminant = b2 − 4ac = (– 40)2 – 4(1)(400) 9a + 9b ± 9a 2 + 9b 2 − 18ab
=
= 1600 – 1600 =0 18
As b2− 4ac = 0, 9a + 9b ± 3( a − b )
=
Therefore, this equation has equal real roots. And 18
hence, this situation is possible. 9a + 9b + 3a − 3b 9a + 9b − 3a + 3b
= ,
Root of this equation, 18 18
−b 12a + 6b 6a + 12b
l= = ,
2a 18 18
40 2a + b a + 2b
l= = ,
2  [2] 3 3
l = 20 3+ 3 , 3− 3 .
Hence, the roots are  [1]
Therefore, length of park, l = 20 m 2 2
And breadth of park, b = 40 − l = 40 − 20 = 20 m Q. 26. The sum of the reciprocals of Rehman’s ages, (in
1
 [1] years) 3 years ago and 5 years from now is . Find
3
Q. 25. Find the nature of the roots of the following his present age. [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 4, Page 88]
quadratic equations. If the real roots exist, find Sol. Let the present age of Rehman be x years.
them : Three years ago, his age was (x − 3) years.
(a) 2x2 – 3x + 5 = 0 (b) 3 x 2 − 4 3 x + 4 = 0 Five years hence, his age will be (x + 5) years.
2
(c) 2x – 6x + 3 = 0 [NCERT Ex. 4.4, Q. 1, Page 91] According to question,
Sol. (a) 2x2 – 3x + 5 = 0 1 1 1
+ =
Comparing this equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we x −3 x +5 3
obtain x +5+x −3 1
=
a = 2, b = −3, c = 5 ( x − 3)( x + 5) 3
Discriminant = b2 − 4ac = (− 3)2 − 4(2)(5) = 9 − 40 2x + 2 1
= −31 =
x 2 + 5x − 3x − 15 3
As b2 − 4ac < 0, 2x + 2 1
Therefore, no real root is possible for the given =
x 2 + 2x − 15 3
equation. [1]
6x + 6 = x 2 + 2x − 15
(b) 3x 2 − 4 3x + 4 = 0
x 2 + 2x − 15 − 6x − 6 = 0
Comparing this equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we
obtain x 2 − 4x − 21 = 0
a = 3, b = 4 3 , c = 4 x 2 − 7 x + 3x − 21 = 0
Discriminant = b2 − 4ac = (4 3 )2 − 4 (3) (4) x( x − 7 ) + 3( x − 7 ) = 0
= 48 – 48=0 ( x − 7 )( x + 3) = 0
As b2 − 4ac = 0,
( x − 7 ) = 0 or ( x + 3) = 0
Therefore, the roots are real and equal for the given
x = 7 or x = -3  [2]
equation.
−b −b . Therefore, his present age is 7 years. [1]
And the roots are , Q. 27. Find a natural number whose square diminished
2a 2a
by 84 is equal to thrice of 8 more than the given
−( −4 3 ) 4 3 2 3 2
= = = = number. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.4, Q. 2, Page 42]
2×3 6 3 3 Sol. Let the natural number be x.
2 2 . According to question,
Hence, the roots are ,  [1]
3 3           x2 – 84 = 3(x +8)
2
(c) 2x – 6x + 3 = 0      x2 – 84 – 3x – 24 = 0
Comparing this equation with ax2 + bx + c = 0, we        x2 – 3x – 108 = 0
2
obtain    x – 12x +9x – 108 = 0
a = 2, b = – 6, c = 3 x(x – 12) +9(x – 12) = 0
Discriminant = b2 − 4ac = (− 6)2 − 4(2)(3)        (x – 12)(x +9) = 0
= 36 – 24=12           (x – 12) = 0 or (x +9) =0
As b2 − 4ac > 0, x = 12 or x = – 9 [2]
Therefore, distinct real roots exist for this equation. Hence, the required natural number is 12. [1]
80 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

Q. 28. A natural number, when increased by 12, equals Q. 31. At t minutes past 2 pm, the time needed by the
160 times its reciprocal. Find the number. minutes hand of a clock to show 3 pm was found
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.4, Q. 3, Page 42] t2
to be 3 minutes less than minutes. Find t.
Sol. Let the natural number be x. 4
New number = x+12  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.4, Q. 8, Page 43]
According to question, Sol. Total time taken by minute hand to run from 2 pm
1 to 3 pm = 60 minutes.
x+12 = 160   According to question,
         x
 t2 
 160  t +  − 3  = 60
          x +12 =    4 
 x  2

2 t − 12
        x +12 x = 160 t+ = 60
      x2 +12 x – 160 = 0 4
 x2 +20x – 8x – 160 = 0 4t + t − 12
2
= 60
  x(x +20) – 8(x +20) = 0 [2] 4
      (x +20)(x – 8) = 0 4t + t 2 − 12 = 240
        (x +20) = 0 or ( x – 8 ) =0
            x = – 20 or x= 8 t 2 + 4t − 252 = 0
Natural number = 8 [1] t 2 + 18t − 14t − 252 = 0
Q. 29. If Zeba were younger by 5 years than what she t(t + 18) − 14(t − 18) = 0
really is, then the square of her age (in years)
would have been 11 more than five times her (t + 18)(t − 14) = 0
actual age. What is her age now? (t + 18) = 0 or (t − 14) = 0
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.4, Q. 5, Page 42] t = −18 or t = 14  [2]
Sol. Let Zeba’s present age be = x years
As time cannot be negative,
Zeba’s age when she was 5 years younger = (x – 5)
years Therefore, required value of t is 14 minutes. [1]
According to the question, Q. 32. Solve for x :
           (x – 5)2 = 5x + 11 1 3 5 1
+ = , x ≠ −1, , − 4
     x2 + 25 – 10x = 5x + 11 x
+1 5 x +1 x + 4 5
     x2 – 15x + 14 = 0  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017]
2
       x – 14x – x + 14 = 0 [By splitting middle term] Sol.
Here [(5x + 1) +3(x + 1)](x + 4) = 5(x + 1)(5x + 1)
x(x – 14) – 1(x – 14) = 0              (8x + 4)(x + 4) = 5(5x2 + 6x + 1)
      (x – 1)(x – 14) = 0            17x2 – 6x – 11 = 0
        (x – 1) = 0 or (x – 14) = 0 [2]
       (17x + 11)(x – 1) = 0
           x = 14 or 1
Hence, Zeba’s present age is 14 years. [1] −11
                  x= , x = 1 [3]
Q. 30. At present Asha’s age (in years) is 2 more than the 17
square of her daughter Nisha’s age. When Nisha Q. 33. Two taps running together can fill a tank in 3
1
grows to her mother’s present age, Asha’s age hours. If one tap takes 3 13 hours more than the
would be one year less than 10 times the present
other to fill the tank, then how much time will
age of Nisha. Find the present ages of both Asha
each tap take to fill the tank?
and Nisha. [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.4, Q. 6, Page 42]
Sol. Let, Nisha’s present age be = x years  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017]
Therefore, according to the first condition, Asha’s Sol. Let one tap fill the tank in x hrs.
present age = x2 + 2 Therefore, other tap fills the tank in (x + 3) hrs.
Nisha grows to her mother’s present age after Work done by both the taps in one hour is
[(x2 + 2) – x] years. 1 1 13
+ =
Then, Asha’s age will become (x2 + 2) + [(x2 + 2) –x]         x x + 3 40
years.       (2x + 3) 40 = 13(x2 + 3x)
According to the question, 2
   13x – 41x – 120 = 0
(x2 + 2) + [(x2 + 2) – x] = 10x – 1 (13x + 24)(x – 5) = 0 [2]
         2x2 – x + 4 = 10x – 1 -24
         2x2 – 11x + 5 = 0      x = 5, x =
       13
     2x2 – 10x – x + 5= 0
  2x (x – 5) – 1(x – 5) = 0 [2] (Rejecting the negative value)
     (x – 5)(2x – 1) = 0 Hence, one tap takes 5 hrs and another 8 hrs
           (x – 5) = 0 or (2x – 1) = 0 separately to fill the tank. [1]
1 Q. 34. If the roots of the equation (c2 – ab) x2 – 2 (a2 – bc) x
x = 5 or
2 + b2 – ac = 0 in x are equal, then show that either
Hence, present age of Nisha = 5 years a = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc
And present age of Asha = x2 + 2 = (5)2 + 2 = 25 +  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017;
2 = 27 years. [1]  Foreign, 2017]
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS | 81
Sol.
For equal roots D = 0 Q. 38. Solve for x :
b2 – 4ac = 0 x − 1 2x + 1 1
Therefore 4(a2 – bc)2 – 4(c2 – ab)(b2 – ac) = 0 + = 2 , where x ≠ − , 1
2x + 1 x − 1 2
4[a4 + b2c2 – 2a2bc – b2c2 + ac3 + ab3 – a2bc] = 0  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017]
(a4 + ab3 + ac3 – 3a2bc) = 0 Sol.        (x – 1)2 + (2x + 1)2 = 2(2x + 1) (x – 1)
a(a3 + b3 + c3 – 3abc) = 0 x + 1 – 2x + 4x2 + 1 + 4x = 4x2 – 4x + 2x – 2
2

a = 0 or a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc.  Hence Proved. [3]            x2 + 4x + 4 = 0

Q. 35. Solve for x :           (x + 2)2 = 0
1 1 1 3            x = – 2 [3]
+ =1 ,x≠ , 5
2x − 3 x − 5 9 2 Q. 39. A takes 6 days less than B to do a work. If both A
 [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017] and B working together can do it in 4 days how
Sol. ( x − 5 ) + ( 2 x − 3) 10 many days will B take to finish it?
=
( 2 x − 3)( x − 5) 9  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017]
9[(x – 5) + (2x – 3)] = 10[(2x – 3)(x – 5)] Sol. Let B take x days to finish the work.
9[3x – 8] = 10[2x2 – 10x – 3x + 15] Therefore number of days taken by A = x – 6[1]
27x – 72 = 20x2 – 100x – 30x + 150 According to question,
2
20x – 157x + 222 = 0 Work done by both in one day,
1 1 1
20x2 – 120x – 37x + 222 = 0 + = [2]
      x x−6 4
20x(x – 6) – 37(x – 6) = 0
    x2 – 14x + 24 = 0
(x – 6)(20x – 37) = 0
(x – 12)(x – 2) = 0
37
         x = 6, .           x = 12 or x = 2 (Not possible)
20
Q. 36. A train covers a distance of 300 km at a uniform Time taken by B to complete the work = 12 days [1]
speed. If the speed of the train is increased by 5 Q. 40. If the roots of the quadratic equation (a – b) x2 +
km/hour, it takes 2 hours less in the journey. Find (b – c)x +(c –a) = 0 are equal. Prove that 2a = b+c.
the original speed of the train. [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2016;
 [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017] Foreign, 2017]
Sol. For equal roots,
Sol. Let original speed of train be x km/hr
300 300                  D=0
\ − =2           (b – c)2 – 4(a – b) (c – a) = 0
x x+5
300( x − 5) − 300 x b2 + c2 – 2bc – 4ac + 4a2 + 4bc – 4ab = 0 [2]
=2           (b + c – 2a)2 = 0
x( x + 5 )
                2a = b + c [1]
300 x + 1500 − 300 x Hence Proved.
=2
x 2 + 5x Q. 41. Solve for x :
1500 = 2(x2 + 5x) 4x2 + 4bx – (a2 – b2) = 0
 [CBSE Board, Foreign Scheme, 2017]
        x2 + 5x – 750 = 0
Sol. 4x2 + 4bx – (a2 – b2) = 0
   (x + 30)(x – 25) = 0 Discriminant =B2 – 4AC
              x = 25 or x = – 30 [3] D = 16b2 + 16(a2 – b2) [1]
Since, negative value of speed doesn’t exist. So, the   = 16a2
original speed of the train = 25 km/hr.
− B ± B 2 − 4 AC
Q. 37. If the roots of the equation (a2 + b2) x2 – 2 (ac + bd)   x =
2A
a c
x + (c2 + d2) = 0 are equal, prove that = −4b ± 4a
b d x=
8
 [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2017]
−b − a −b + a
Sol. For equal roots D = 0,    x = 2 , 2  [2]
b2 – 4ac = 0 1
Q. 42. Two pipes running together can fill a tank in 11
       4(ac + bd) – 4(a + b )(c + d2) = 0
2 2 2 2 9
minutes. If one pipe takes 5 minutes more than
4(a c + b d + 2abcd – a2c2 – a2d2 – b2c2 – b2d2) = 0
2 2 2 2
the other to fill the tank separately, find the time
              – 4(a2d2 + b2c2 – 2abcd) = 0 in which each pipe would fill the tank separately?
                 (ad – bc)2 = 0  [CBSE Board, All India Region, 2016]
                      ad = bc [2] Sol. Let the time taken by 1 pipe be x
a c
= Then time taken by 2nd pipe =x+5
                   b d  [1] 1
 Hence Proved. Time taken by both pipe, together = 11 .
9
82 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

According to question, 9x(x – 20)+25(x – 20)= 0

1 1 9       (x – 20)(9x+25)= 0
       + =
x x + 5 100 25
x +5+x 9 Since, time cannot be negative, i.e x = −
         = 9
x( x + 5) 100 x = 20 min
       100(2x+5)= 9(x2+5x) x+5 =25 min
         200x+500= 9x2+45x Hence, time taken by first pipe = 20 min. [1]
2
      9x – 155x – 500= 0 [2] Time taken by second pipe = 25 min [1]
9x2 – 180x+25x – 500= 0

Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each)

Q. 1. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations 1 1

Roots of this equation are and . [1]
by factorisation : 2
4 4
(v)          100x – 20x + 1 = 0
(i) x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 (ii) 2x2 + x – 6 = 0
1     100x2 – 10x – 10x +1 = 0
(iii) 2 x 2 +7 x +5 2 = 0 (iv) 2 x 2 − x + = 0 10x(10x – 1) – 1(10x – 1) = 0
8
(v) 100x2 – 20x + 1 = 0 [NCERT Ex. 4.2, Q. 1, Page 76]      (10x – 1)(10x – 1) = 0
Sol. (a)       x2 – 3x – 10 = 0            (10x – 1) = 0 or (10x – 1) =0
   x2 – 5x + 2x – 10 =0 1 1
x= or x = [1]
x(x – 5) + 2(x – 5) =0 10 10 
       (x – 5)(x + 2) = 0 1 1
Roots of this equation are , .
  (x – 5) = 0 or (x + 2) =0 [1] 10 10
             x = 5 or x = – 2 Q. 2. Solve the problems :
Roots of this equation are 5 and – 2. (i) John and Jivanti together have 45 marbles. Both of
(ii)       2x2 + x – 6 = 0 them lost 5 marbles each, and the product of the
2 number of marbles they now have is 124. Find out
 2x +4x – 3x – 6 =0
how many marbles they had to start with.
2x(x +2) – 3(x +2) =0
(ii) A cottage industry produces a certain number of
        (x +2) (2x – 3) =0 toys in a day. The cost of production of each toy
   (x +2) = 0 or (2x – 3) =0 (in `) was found to be 55 minus the number of toys
3 produced in a day. On a particular day, the total
            x = – 2 or x = 2 [1] cost of production was ` 750. Find out the number

of toys produced on that day.
3
Roots of this equation are – 2 and .  [NCERT Ex. 4.2, Q. 2, Page 76]
2
Sol. (i) Let the number of marbles John had be x.
(iii)        2x 2 + 7 x + 5 2 = 0 Then the number of marbles Jivanti had (45 – x).
2 x 2 + 5x + 2 x + 5 2 = 0 The number of articles left with John, when he lost
5 marbles = (x – 5)
x ( 2 x + 5) + 2 ( 2 x + 5) = 0
The number of articles left with Jivanti, when she
( 2x + 5)( x + 2 ) = 0 lost 5 marbles = (45 – x – 5)
( 2 x + 5) = 0 or ( x + 2 ) = 0 = (40 –x)
−5 According to question,
x= or x = − 2            (x – 5)(40 –x) = 124
2
 x2 +40x+ 5x – 200 – 124 =0
−5          x2 – 45x +324 =0
Roots of this equation are and − 2 . [1]
2        x2 – 9x – 36x +324 =0
(iv) 2x 2 − x + 1 = 0
8        x(x – 9) – 36(x – 9) =0
16x 2 − 8x + 1          (x – 9)(x – 36) =0
=0         (x – 9) =0 or (x – 36 ) =0
8
16x 2 − 8x + 1 = 0           x = 9 or x = 36 [2½]
Therefore, the number of marbles John had be 9 or 36.
16x 2 − 4x − 4x + 1 = 0
(ii) Let the number of toys produced be x.
4x( 4x − 1) − 1( 4x − 1) = 0 ∴ Cost of production of each toy = ` (55 − x)
( 4x − 1)( 4x − 1) = 0 It is given that, total production of the toys = ` 750
( 4x − 1) = 0 or ( 4x − 1) = 0 According to question,
1 1        x(55 – x) =750
x= or x=         55x – x2 = 750
4 4
 2x − 10 8
=
x 2 − 10x 75
x −5 4
=
x 2 − 10x 75
= 4x 2 − 40x EQUATIONS
75x − 375QUADRATIC | 83
4x 2 − 115x + 375 = 0
     x2 – 55x +750 =0 4x 2 − 100x − 15x + 375 = 0
2
       x – 25x – 30x+750 =0
4x( x − 25) − 15( x − 25) = 0
x (x – 25) – 30(x – 25) =0
       (x – 25)(x – 30) =0 ( x − 25)( 4x − 15) = 0
          (x – 25) =0 or (x – 30) =0 ( x − 25) = 0 or ( 4x − 15) = 0
         x = 25 or x = 30 [2½] 15
The number of toys produced on that day = 25 or 30. x = 25 or x = [3]
                4

Q. 3. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the
speed had been 5 km/h more, it would have taken Therefore, the time taken by the smaller pipe to fill
1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the tank is 25 hours. [1]
the train. [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 8, Page 88] Time taken by the larger pipe = (x − 10)
Sol. Let the speed of the train be x km/ hr. = (25 – 10)
Distance travelled = 360 km =15 hrs. [1]
360 Q. 5. An express train takes 1 hour less than a passenger
Time taken = hr train to travel 132 km between Mysore and
x
New speed = (x+5) km/hr Bangalore (without taking into consideration the
360 time they stop at intermediate stations). If the
Time taken = hr [1] average speed of the express train is 11km/h more
x+5
According to question than that of the passenger train, find the average
360 360 speed of the two trains.
     – =1
x x+5  [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 10, Page 88]
360( x + 5) − 360x Sol. Let the average speed of passenger train be x km/h.
        =1
x ( x + 5) Average speed of express train = (x + 11) km/h
   360x+1800 – 360x =x2 +5x 132
Time taken by the passenger train = hr.
     x2 +5x – 1800 = 0 x
2
   x +45x – 40x – 1800=0 Time taken by the express train to cover 132 km
132
x(x +45) – 40(x+45) =0 [3] = hr. [1]
x + 11
       (x+45)(x – 40) = 0
According to question,
      (x+45) =0 or ( x – 40) = 0
132 132
             x = – 45 or x = 40          − =1
x x + 11
Hence, the speed of the train is 40 km/hr. [1]
3 1 1 
Q. 4. Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 hours. 132  − =1
8  x x + 11 
The tap of larger diameter takes 10 hours less than  x + 11 − x 
the smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find the 132  =1
 x( x + 11) 
time in which each tap can separately fill the tank.
 [NCERT Ex. 4.3, Q. 9, Page 88]  11 
132  2 =1
Sol. Let the time taken by the smaller pipe to fill the  x + 11x 
tank be x hr. 132 × 11 = x 2 + 11x
Time taken by the larger pipe = (x − 10) hrs x + 11x − 1452 = 0
2

1 x + 44 x − 33x − 1452 = 0
2
Part of tank filled by smaller pipe in 1 hour =
x x( x + 44) − 33( x + 44) = 0
1
Part of tank filled by larger pipe in 1 hour = ( x + 44)( x − 33) = 0
x − 10
Time taken by both the pipes to fill the tank ( x + 44) = 0 or ( x − 33) = 0
3 [4]
together = 9 hrs x = −44 or x = 33
8
According to question, Therefore, the average speed of passenger train
1 1 8 be 33 km/h and average speed of express train is
+ = (33+11) =44 km/h
x x − 10 75
x − 10 + x 8 Q. 6. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations
= by the factorization method :
x( x − 10) 75
5 2 2 3
2x − 10 8 (i) 2 x 2 + x − 2 = 0 (ii) x − x − =0
= 3 5 5
x 2 − 10x 75
(iii) 3 2 x 2 − 5 x − 2 = 0 (iv) 3 x 2 +5 5 x + 10 = 0
x −5 4
=
x 2 − 10x 75 1
(v) 21 x 2 − 2 x + =0
75x − 375 = 4x 2 − 40x 21
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.3, Q. 2, Page 40]
4x 2 − 115x + 375 = 0
2
4x − 100x − 15x + 375 = 0
4x( x − 25) − 15( x − 25) = 0
( x − 25)( 4x − 15) = 0
84 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

5 Q. 7. A train, travelling at a uniform speed for 360 km,

Sol. (i)    2x 2 + x − 2 = 0 would have taken 48 minutes less to travel the
3
         6x2 +5x – 6 = 0 same distance if its speed were 5 km/h more. Find
the original speed of the train.
       6x2 +9x – 4x – 6 = 0
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.4, Q. 4, Page 42]
3x(2x+3) – 2(2x +3) = 0 Sol. Let the original speed of the train be x km/h.
     (2x+3) (3x – 2) = 0 New speed = (x + 5) km/h
           (2x+3) = 0 or (3x – 2) =0 360
Time taken at original speed = hours
−3 2 x
x= or x = 360
         2 3 Time taken at increased speed = hours
x+5
−3 2 According to question,
Hence, the roots of the equation are , . [1]
2 3 360 360
360 360 48 48
2 3 −
− =
=
(ii)      x 2 − x − = 0 xx xx + 5 60
5 5 + 5 60
   2x2 – 5x – 3 =0 360(( xx +
360 + 55)) −
− 360
360xx 44
=
=
     2x2 – 6x +x – 3 =0 xx(( xx ++ 55)) 55
2x(x – 3) +1(x – 3) =0 360 x + −
360x + 1800 − 360x = 44
1800 360 x
=
       (x – 3) (2x +1) =0 xx 2 +
2
+ 55xx 55
(x – 3) = 0 or 2x +1 =0 1800
1800 44
=
=
−1 xx +
2
2 + 55xx 55
x = 3 or x = 9000 = = 44xx 22 +
+ 20
20xx
           2 9000
44xx 2 + 20xx − 9000 =
2
−1 + 20 − 9000 = 00
Hence, the roots of the equation are 3 and . [1]
2 xx +
2
2 + 55xx −
− 2250 = 00
2250 =
(iii)          3 2x − 5x − 2 = 0
2

xx 22 + 50xx −
+ 50 45xx −
− 45 2250 =
− 2250 = 00
3 2x 2 − 6x + x − 2 = 0
+ 50
xx(( xx + 50)) − − 45 + 50
45(( xx + = 00
50)) =
3 2x( x − 2 ) + 1( x − 2 ) = 0
(( xx +
+ 50)( x − 45) =
50 )( x − 45 ) = 00
( x − 2 )(3 2x + 1) = 0
(x + 50) = 0 or (x – 45) = 0
(x − 2 ) = 0 or (3 2x + 1) x = −50 or x = 45  [4]
−1 − 2 As speed cannot be negative,
x = 2 or x = = Therefore, the original speed of the train = 45 km/h.
3 2 6
 [1]
− 2 Q. 8. Find whether the following equations have real
Hence, the roots of the equation are 2, . [1]
6 roots. If real roots exist, find them.
(iv) 3x 2 + 5 5x + 10 = 0
(i) 8x2 + 2x – 3 = 0
3x 2 + 3 5x + 2 5x + 10 = 0 (ii) – 2x2 + 3x + 2 = 0
(iii) 5x2 – 2x – 10 = 0
3 x( x + 5 ) + 2 5 ( x + 5 ) = 0
1 1 3
(iv) + = 1, x ≠ , 5
( x + 5 ) ( 3x + 2 5 ) = 0 2x − 3 x − 5 2

(v) x 2 +5 5 x - 70 = 0
x + 5 = 0 or 3x + 2 5 = 0
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.4, Q. 1, Page 42]
−2 5 Sol. (i) 8x2 + 2x – 3 = 0
x = − 5 or x =
3 On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
Hence, the roots of the equation are − 5 and we get
a =8, b =2, c = – 3
−2 5 Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = (2)2 – 4(8) (– 3) =4+96=100>0
.
3  [1] Therefore, the equation has two distinct real roots.
1 −b ± b 2 − 4ac
(v)           21x − 2x +
2
=0 Roots, x =
21 2a
2
      441x – 42x +1 =0 −2 ± 100
  441x2 – 21x – 21x +1=0 x=
16
21x (21x – 1) – 1(21x – 1) =0 −2 ± 10
    (21x – 1)(21x – 1) =0 x=
16
      (21x – 1) =0 or (21x – 1) =0 −2 + 10 −2 − 10
1 1 x= ,
          x = or x = 16 16
21 21 1 −3
x= ,  [1]
1 1     2 4
Hence, the roots of the equation are , . [1]
21 21
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS | 85
(ii) – 2x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 (v) x 2 +5 5 x - 70 = 0
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
we get On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
a = – 2, b =3, c = 2 we get
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = (3)2 – 4(– 2)(2) a =1, b = 5 5 , c = – 70
= 9 + 16 = 25 > 0
Discriminant =b2 – 4ac = ( 5 5 )2 – 4(1)(– 70)
Therefore, the equation has two distinct real roots.
= 125 +280 = 405>0
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
Roots, x = Therefore, the equation has two distinct real roots.
2a
−b ± b 2 − 4ac
−3
−3±± 25 25 Roots, x =
xx = = 2a
−
−44
−3
3±±5 5 −5 5 ± 405
xx = − x=
x = −5 5 ± 405
=     22
      − 4
−4
−3
−3++5 5 − −3 − 5 −
−55 55 ±± 99 55
xx == ,, 3 − 5 xx = =
−4
−4 −
−4
4 22
−1 −
−55 55 ++ 99 55 , − −55 55 −
1
xx =
=
− ,
,22  [1] xx = − 99 55
      2 2 = 2 , 2
2 2
2
(iii) 5x – 2x – 10 = 0 44 55 − 14 55
xx = − 14
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0, = 2 ,, 2
we get 2 2
xx =
= 22 55 ,, −
− 77 55  [1]
a =5, b = – 2, c = – 10    
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = (– 2)2 – 4(5) (– 10) Q. 9. In the centre of a rectangular lawn of dimensions
= 4 + 200 = 204 > 0 50 m × 40 m, a rectangular pond has to be
Therefore, the equation has two distinct real roots. constructed so that the area of the grass
−b ± b 2 − 4ac surrounding the pond would be 1184 m2. Find the
Roots, x =
2a length and breadth of the pond.
−( −2) ± 204
x=
10
2 ± 2 51
x=
10
1 ± 51
x=
5
1 + 51 1 − 51  [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.4, Q. 7, Page 43;
x= ,  [1]  CBSE Board, Foreign, 2017]
    5 5
Sol.
1 1 3 x
(iv) + = 1, x ≠ , 5
2x − 3 x − 5 2
x − 5 + 2x − 3 x x 40 m
=1
( 2x − 3)( x − 5)
3x − 8 x
=1
( 2x − 3)( x − 5)
50 m [1]
3x − 8 = 2x 2 − 10x − 3x + 15
Length of a rectangular lawn = 50 m
2x 2 − 16x − 23 = 0
Breadth of a rectangular lawn = 40 m
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c = 0,
we get Area of rectangular lawn = 50 × 40 =2000 m2
a =2, b = – 16, c = – 23 Let the width of the grass be x m.
Discriminant =b2 – 4ac = (– 16)2 – 4(2)(– 23)
= 256 + 184 = 440 > 0 Length of the rectangular pond = (50 – 2x) m
Therefore, the equation has two distinct real roots. Breadth of the rectangular pond = (40 – 2x) m
−b ± b − 4ac
2 Area of the rectangular pond = (50 – 2x)(40 – 2x)m2
Roots, x =
2a Area of the grass = 1184 m2 [1]
16 ± 440 According to question,
x=
4 Area of rectangular lawn – Area of the rectangular
16 ± 4 110 pond = Area of the grass,
x=
4
   x = 4 + 110 , 4 − 110  [1]
86 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

    2000 – (50 – 2x) (40 – 2x) = 1184 m2 −13 ± 169 − 160
2000 − [2000 − 100 x − 80 x + 4 x 2 ] = 1184 x=
10
2000 − 2000 + 180 x − 4 x 2 = 1184 −13 ± 9
x=
4 x 2 − 180 x + 1184 = 0 10
x 2 − 45x + 296 = 0 −13 ± 3
x=
10
x 2 − 37 x − 8 x + 296 = 0
−10 −16
x( x − 37) − 8( x − 37) = 0 x= ,
10 10
( x − 37)( x − 8) = 0 −8
( x − 37) = 0 or ( x − 8) = 0 x = −1,
5
 x = 37 or x = 8 [2] −8
Therefore x = 8 Roots of the equation are −1, . [1]
5
[At x = 37, length and breadth of pond are (iii) – 3x2 + 5x + 12 = 0
– 24 and – 34, respectively but length and On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
breadth cannot be negative. So, x = 37 cannot be we get
possible] a = – 3, b = 5, c = 12
∴ Length of pond = 50 – 2x = 50 – 2 (8) = 50 – 16= 34 m
By using quadratic formula, we get
Breadth of pond = 40 – 2x = 40 – 2(8) = 40 – 16 = 24 m
Hence, required length and breadth of pond are 34 −b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
m and 24 m, respectively. [1] 2a
Q. 10. Find the roots of the quadratic equations by using −(5) ± 25 + 144
x=
the quadratic formula in each of the following : −6
(i) 2x2 – 3x – 5 = 0 (ii) 5x2 + 13x + 8 = 0 −5 ± 13
x=
2
(iii) – 3x + 5x + 12 = 0 (vi) –x2 + 7x – 10 =0 −6
(v) x 2 + 2 2 x − 6 = 0 −5 ± 13
x=
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.3, Q. 1, Page 40] −6
−18 8
Sol. (i) 2x2 – 3x – 5 = 0 x= ,
−6 −6
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
−4
we get x = 3,
3
a = 2, b = – 3, c = – 5
−4
By using quadratic formula, we get Roots of the equation are 3, . [1]
3
−b ± b 2 − 4ac (iv) –x2 + 7x – 10 =0
x=
   2a On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
we get
−( −3) ± ( −3)2 − 4( 2)( −5)
x= a = – 1, b = 7, c = – 10
4
By using quadratic formula, we get
3 ± 9 + 40
x= −b ± b 2 − 4ac
4 x=
3 ± 49 2a
x=
4 −( 7 ) ± 49 − 40
x=
3± 7 −2
x=
4 −7 ± 3
x=
3+ 7 3−7 −2
x= ,
4 4 −10 −4
x= ,
10 −4 −2 −2
x= ,
4 4 x = 5, 2
5 Roots of the equation are 5 and 2. [1]
Roots of the equation are , −1 . [1]
2 (v) x 2 + 2 2x − 6 = 0
(ii) 5x2 + 13x + 8 = 0
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0, On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
we get we get
a = 5, b = 13, c = 8 a = 1, b = 2 2 , c = – 6
By using quadratic formula, we get By using quadratic formula, we get
−b ± b 2 − 4ac −b ± b 2 − 4ac
x= x=
2a 2a
 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS | 87
x2 +16+8x – 8x =0
−( 2 2 ) ± 8 + 24
x=        x2 +16 =0
2
     x2 +0.x +16 =0
−2 2 ± 32 On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
x=
2 we get
−2 2 ± 4 2 a =1, b =0, c = 16
x=
2 Discriminant = b2 – 4ac =(0)2 – 4(1)(16)
−2 2 + 4 2 −2 2 − 4 2 = 0 – 64 = – 64<0
x= , Therefore, the equation has no real roots. [½]
2 2
2
x= 2, − 3 2 (vi)       ( x − 2 ) − 2( x + 1) = 0
x 2 + 2 − 2 2 − 2x − 2 = 0
Roots of the equation are 2 , − 3 2 . [1]
x 2 − 2x − 2 2 = 0
Q. 11. State whether the following quadratic equations
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
have two distinct real roots. Justify your answer.
we get
(i) x2 – 3x + 4 = 0
a =1, b = – 2, c = −2 2
(ii) 2x2 + x – 1 = 0
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac =( −2 2 )2 – 4(1) (– 2)
(iii) 2 x 2 − 6 x + 9 = 0
2 = 8 + 8= 16>0
(iv) 3x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 Therefore, the equation has two distinct real
(v) (x + 4) 2 – 8x = 0 roots. [½]
(vi) ( x − 2 )2 − 2( x +1) = 0 2 3 1
(vii) 2x − x+ =0
3 1 2 2
(vii) 2 x 2 − x+ =0
2 2 On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c = 0,
(viii) x(1 – x) – 2 = 0
we get
(ix) (x – 1)(x + 2) + 2 = 0 3 1
(x) (x + 1)(x – 2) + x = 0 a= 2 ,b=− ,c=
 [NCERT Exemp. Ex. 4.2, Q. 1, Page 38] 2 2
2
Sol. (i) x2 – 3x + 4 = 0
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,

Discriminant = b2 – 4ac =  −

3 
 –4 2 
2
( )
 1 
 2

we get
9 9−8 1
a =1, b = – 3, c = 4 = –4= = >0
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = (– 3)2 – 4(1)(4) 2 2 2
=9 – 16= – 7<0 Therefore, the equation has two distinct real
Therefore, the equation has no real roots. [½] roots. [½]
(ii) 2x2 + x – 1 = 0 (viii) x (1 – x) – 2 = 0
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,     x – x2 – 2 =0
we get    x2 – x +2=0
a =2, b =1, c = – 1 On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = (1)2 – 4(2)(– 1) we get
=1 +8= 9>0 a =1, b = – 1, c = 2
Therefore, the equation has two distinct real Discriminant =b2 – 4ac = (– 1 )2 – 4(1)(2)
roots. [½] = 1 – 8 = – 7<0
2 9 Therefore, the equation has no real roots. [½]
(iii) 2x − 6x + = 0
2 (ix) (x – 1)(x + 2) + 2 = 0
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx + c =0,     x2 +2x –x – 2 +2 = 0
we get         x2 +x+0 = 0
9 On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
a =2, b = – 6, c = we get
2
 9 a =1, b =1, c = 0
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = (– 6)2 – 4(2)  
 2 Discriminant =b2 – 4ac = (1)2 – 4(1)(0) = 1 – 0 = 1>0
= 36 – 36 = 0 Therefore, the equation has two distinct real roots.
Therefore, the equation has equal and real  [½]
roots. [½] (x) (x + 1) (x – 2) + x = 0
(iv) 3x2 – 4x + 1 = 0    x2 – 2x+x – 2+x =0
On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,        x2+0.x – 2 =0
we get On comparing this equation with ax2 +bx +c =0,
a =3, b = – 4, c = 1 we get
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac = (– 4)2 – 4(3)(1) a =1, b =0, c = – 2
= 16 – 12 = 4>0 Discriminant =b2 – 4ac = (0)2 – 4(1)(– 2) = 0 +8
Therefore, the equation has two distinct real = 8>0
roots. [½] Therefore, the equation has two distinct real
(v)      (x + 4)2 – 8x = 0 roots. [½]
88 | OSWAAL NCERT SOLUTIONS – Textbook + Exemplar – MATHEMATICS : Class-X

Some Commonly Made Errors

™™ Students generally make mistake while copying the constant term.
™™ Error in transformation and process skill in solving quadratic equation.
™™ Apply discriminant method for the solution of any quadratic equation on priority.
™™ They get confused with the application of formula.
™™ They make computational and algebraic errors.

EXPERT ADVICE
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