Introduction to Python Input and Output

What is Python?  Use input() to get user input and print() to display output.
 Python is a popular programming language used to name = input("What is your name? ")
create software, games, websites, and much more. print("Hello, " + name)
 Known for its simplicity and readability, Python is a  Indentation: Python relies on indentation (spacing) to
define blocks of code. Make sure to use the same number
great language for beginners.
of spaces to avoid errors.
 Python is used in many fields: web development, data Basic Operators
science, game development, and more.  Arithmetic Operators:
 It’s powerful but simple, which makes it a favourite for + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division)
beginners and experts. Example:
x=5
Basic Concepts in Python y=2
Variables print(x + y) # 7
 A variable is like a container for storing data. You can print(x - y) # 3
give it a name and assign it a value. print(x * y) # 10
For example: print(x / y) # 2.5
age = 12  Comparison Operators:
name = "Aarav" == (equal), != (not equal), < (less than), > (greater than), <=
Data Types (less than or equal to), >= (greater than or equal to)
 Numbers: ____________________________________________________
Integers (e.g., 5, -3, 100)
Floats (decimals, e.g., 3.14, 0.5) Conditional Statements: Conditional statements allow the
 Strings: Text inside quotes is called a string ("Hello",) program to make decisions based on conditions.
name = "Python" Example: age = 14
print (name) if age >= 13:
 Booleans: Represents True or False values. print("You are a teenager!")
is_sunny = True else:
is_raining = False print("You are a child.")
Loops: Loops allow you to repeat a block of code multiple 4. Area of a Rectangle: A program to calculate the area of a
times. rectangle using its length and width.
 For Loop: A for loop is used when we know how many length = float(input("Enter the length of the rectangle: "))
times we want to repeat a task. width = float(input("Enter the width of the rectangle: "))
for i in range(1, 6): area = length * width
print(i) print("The area of the rectangle is:", area)
 While Loop: A while loop keeps going as long as a
certain condition is true. 2. Perimeter of a Square: A program to find the perimeter of a
count = 1 square given the length of one side.
while count <= 5: side = float(input("Enter the length of a side of the square: "))
print(count) perimeter = 4 * side
count += 1 print("The perimeter of the square is:", perimeter)
When to Use For Loops and While Loops
 Use a for loop when you know exactly how many times 3. Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit: A program to convert
you need to repeat something. temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
 Use a while loop when you want to repeat something until celsius = float(input("Enter temperature in Celsius: "))
a condition is met. fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32
print("Temperature in Fahrenheit is:", fahrenheit)
Examples:
1. Hello, World! Program 4. Calculate the Average of Three Numbers: A program to
print("Hello, World!") find the average of three numbers entered by the user.
num1 = float(input("Enter the first number: "))
num2 = float(input("Enter the second number: "))
2. Simple Addition Program
num1 = int(input("Enter first number: ")) num3 = float(input("Enter the third number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: ")) average = (num1 + num2 + num3) / 3
sum = num1 + num2 print("The average of the numbers is:", average)
print("The sum is:", sum)

3. Square of a Number
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
square = num * num
print("The square of the number is:", square)
5. Calculate the Volume of a Cuboid: A program to calculate 9. Swap Two Numbers Using Python’s Multiple Assignment
the volume of a cuboid given its length, width, and height. A program to swap the values of two numbers entered
length = float(input("Enter the length of the cuboid: ")) a = float(input("Enter the first number: "))
width = float(input("Enter the width of the cuboid: ")) b = float(input("Enter the second number: "))
height = float(input("Enter the height of the cuboid: ")) print("Before swapping:")
volume = length * width * height print("First number:", a)
print("The volume of the cuboid is:", volume) print("Second number:", b)
a, b = b, a
print("After swapping:")
6. Calculate the Simple Interest: A program to calculate simple print("First number:", a)
interest using principal, rate, and time. print("Second number:", b)
principal = float(input("Enter the principal amount: "))
rate = float(input("Enter the rate of interest: ")) 10. Combine First and Last Name: A program to take a first
time = float(input("Enter the time in years: ")) name and last name as input and print the full name.
si = (principal * rate * time) / 100 first_name = input("Enter your first name: ")
print("The simple interest is:", si) last_name = input("Enter your last name: ")
full_name = first_name + " " + last_name
print("Your full name is:", full_name)
7. Calculate the Area of a Circle: A program to calculate the
area of a circle given its radius. 11. Check Even or Odd: A program to check if a number
radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle: ")) entered by the user is even or odd.
area = 3.14* radius * radius num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("The area of the circle is:", area) if num % 2 == 0:
print("The number is even.")
else:
8. Convert Kilometers to Miles: A program to convert distance print("The number is odd.")
from kilometers to miles.
kilometers = float(input("Enter distance in kilometers: ")) 12. Print all lowercase alphabets
miles = kilometers * 0.621371 import string
print("Distance in miles is:", miles) alphabets = string.ascii_lowercase
for letter in alphabets:
print(letter)
13. Find the Largest Number: A program to find the largest of 15. Check if Number is Positive, Negative, or Zero
three numbers entered by the user. A program to check if a number is positive, negative, or zero.
num1 = int(input("Enter first number: ")) num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: ")) if num > 0:
num3 = int(input("Enter third number: ")) print("The number is positive.")
if num1 >= num2 and num1 >= num3: elif num < 0:
print("The largest number is:", num1) print("The number is negative.")
elif num2 >= num1 and num2 >= num3: else:
print("The largest number is:", num2) print("The number is zero.")
else:
print("The largest number is:", num3)
16. Multiplication Table Program: A program to print the
14. Simple Calculator: A program to perform addition, subtraction, multiplication table of a given number.
multiplication, or division based on user choice. number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print("Choose operation:") for i in range(1, 11):
print("1. Add") print(number, "x", i, "=", number * i)
print("2. Subtract")
print("3. Multiply") 17. Count Down Timer: A countdown timer that prints numbers
print("4. Divide") from 10 to 1.
choice = int(input("Enter choice (1/2/3/4): ")) for i in range(10, 0, -1):
num1 = int(input("Enter first number: ")) print(i)
num2 = int(input("Enter second number: ")) print("Time's up!")
if choice == 1:
print("Result:", num1 + num2) 18. Simple Star Square: Print a square of stars (*), where each
elif choice == 2: side has the same length.
print("Result:", num1 - num2) for i in range(4):
elif choice == 3: print("* " * 4)
print("Result:", num1 * num2) Output:
elif choice == 4: *****
print("Result:", num1 / num2) *****
else: *****
print("Invalid choice") *****
19. Right-Angled Triangle: Print a right-angled triangle using 22. Diamond Pattern: A diamond pattern using stars, achieved
stars. by combining an upward and downward triangle.
for i in range(1, 6): rows = 5
print("* " * i) # Top half of the diamond
Output: for i in range(1, rows + 1):
* print(" " * (rows - i) + "* " * i)
** # Bottom half of the diamond
*** for i in range(rows - 1, 0, -1):
**** print(" " * (rows - i) + "* " * i)
***** Output:
*
20. Inverted Right-Angled Triangle: Print an inverted right- **
angled triangle using stars. ***
for i in range(5, 0, -1): ****
print("* " * i) *****
Output: ****
***** ***
**** **
*** *
** 23. Number Triangle: Print a triangle with numbers in
* Increasing order.
21. Pyramid Pattern: Print a pyramid shape using stars. This for i in range(1, 6):
pattern uses spaces to center each row of stars. for j in range(1, i + 1):
rows = 5 print(j, end=" ")
for i in range(1, rows + 1): print()
print(" " * (rows - i) + "* " * i) Output:
Output: Copy code
* 1
** 12
*** 123
**** 1234
***** 12345
24. Repeating Number Triangle: A triangle where each row Output:
contains the same number, which increases with each row. *****
for i in range(1, 6): * *
print((str(i) + " ") * i) * *
Output: * *
1 *****
22
333 27. Checkerboard Pattern: Create a checkerboard pattern using
4444 * and spaces.
55555 size = 5
for i in range(size):
25. Alphabet Triangle: Print a triangle with letters in print((" * " if i % 2 == 0 else " * ") * size)
alphabetical order. Output:
alphabet = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ" *****
for i in range(5): *****
print(" ".join(alphabet[:i + 1])) *****
*****
Output: *****
A
AB
ABC
ABCD
ABCDE

26. Hollow Square: Print a hollow square with stars, where only
the borders are filled.
size = 5
for i in range(size):
if i == 0 or i == size - 1:
print("* " * size)
else:
print("* " + " " * (size - 2) + "*")