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8 views31 pages

IT Lecture 03

Uploaded by

6vqqk59vvh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer 1st stage

Lecture 3
Lecturer:
Polla Dilshad Ibrahim
M.Sc. Architecture
College of Engineering
Department of Architecture
Computer SoftWare
(HW) = Hard Ware (SW) = Soft Ware

• The HW needs SW to be useful; the SW needs HW to be


useful

• When the user needs something done by the computer,


he/she gives instructions in the form of SW to computer
HW.

• These instructions need to be written in a language that is


readily understood by computer .
Computer SoftWare
Computer SoftWare (SW) :
✓ is the set of instructions and associated data that
direct the computer to do a task.

✓ The set of instructions that operates various parts of


the hardware. Also termed as “computer program”

➢ Software can be divided into two categories:


1. System Software
2. Application Software
Computer SoftWare

Computer Software

APPLICATION System
SOFTWARE Software
Computer SoftWare
1. System software:
The software that controls and supports the operations
of a computer system.

➢ Examples of System Software

✓ Operating System:
Collection of computer programs that control the interaction of
the user and the computer hardware.
✓ Utility Programs:
Do repetitive tasks ( e.g. copying, clearing primary storage,
deleting files, sorting files,…etc)
✓ Device Drivers :
Helps the computer communicate with that particular device
Responsibilities of an Operating
System
1. Communicate with user, receive and execute commands,
show error messages.
2. Manage allocation of memory, processor time and other
resources.
3. Collect input from keyboard, mouse, and provide data to
running programs.
4. Convey program output to screen, printer, or other output
device.
5. Access data from secondary storage.
6. Write data to secondary storage.
7. Maintains security (checks user-name , password, virus
infection)
Operating Systems examples (System Soft
ware)
Application software
2. Application software:

Programs that generally interact with


the user to perform work that is useful
to the user.

These programs generally talk to the


HW through the assistance of system
SW.
Application software
➢ Application software are:

✓ Developed for a specific task , such as word


processing (Word), accounting (MS Excel), or
database management (Access) , graphics (3ds
MAX) , presentation (Power Point), photo
processing (Photoshop),…etc.

✓ Most applications are purchased on DVD or


CD-ROM or On-line through The Internet .

✓ They are installed by copying the programs


from the DVD/CD-ROM or from The Internet
to the hard disk.
Application software
Types of Application soft wares:

• Scientific/engineering/graphics SW
– Mathematica Auto Cad; Corel Draw
• Business SW
– The billing system for the mobile phone company
• Productivity SW
– Word processors; Spreadsheets
• Entertainment SW
– Games
• Educational SW
– Electronic encyclopedias
Introduction to Microsoft Windows
Introduction:
• Microsoft Windows is an Operating System software
that controls:
✓The operation of your computer.

✓Programs you run on your computer.


Programs, also known as applications, are task-oriented software
that help you to accomplish tasks such as word processing or
using a spreadsheet.

• Microsoft Windows has a Graphical User Interface (GUI)


▫ User interact with the computer through the use of graphics,
icons (small meaningful pictures), and other meaningful words,
symbols, and windows

▫ Contains Windows, rectangular frames that contain file contents,


a program, or icons
Starting Windows
• Windows Starts when computer is turned on
Elements of the WINDOWS screen:
Icon
Pointer
Desktop
Date/Time control
Taskbar
Start button
Notification area
The Windows Desktop
• Desktop :

✓Is An area that appears on the screen when


Windows starts.

✓Is a workspace for projects and tools.

✓Uses default settings when the computer is first


started.

✓Appearance can be changed by the user.


The Windows Desktop
• Windows desktop uses a graphical user interface
(GUI).
▫ Displays icons to represent items stored on the
computer
➢ Icons are Pictures of familiar objects
Using a Pointing Device
• A pointing device
√Helps the user interact with objects on the
computer screen
√Comes in many shapes and sizes

➢ Mouse is the most


common pointing
device.
Mouse actions in Windows :
There are five primary types of mouse actions that Windows
recognizes.
1. Point – position the cursor over the item being
pointed to
2. Click – point to an item, then click the left mouse
button
3. Double Click – point to an item, then click the left
mouse button twice in rapid succession
4. Right Click – point to an item, then click the right
mouse button
5. Drag-and-Drop – point to an item, click and hold
down the left mouse button, move the mouse (drag),
and release the left mouse button over another item
(drop)
Windows (version) Start Menu
How to use the start menu:
Starting and Closing a Program
• Starting a program

➢A program must be started


before it can be used

To start a program:
 Click the Start button
 Locate and click the program’s name
in the submenus

✓ An open or running program (A


program which has been started)
Starting and Closing a Program
• Program button
▫ Appears on the taskbar for each open program
▫ Click to switch between open programs
• Close button
▫ Located in the upper-right corner of the program window
▫ Click to close the program
Running Multiple Programs (Multitasking)
➢Multitasking …..
✓Ability to run multiple programs on Windows at
the same time.
✓Allows the user to work on more than one project
at a time.
✓The active program is the one you are currently
using

➢Program buttons:
√Located on the taskbar
√Offer the easiest way to switch between programs
Closing Inactive Programs from the Taskbar
➢Options for closing a program

√ Use the Close button on the title bar of the program


window
√ Use the shortcut menu associated with the program
button on the taskbar

24
The Taskbar is the thin strip that runs across the bottom of your screen. It is split into a number of
different areas: a Start button, Quick Launch icons, a notification area, and a clock. All other areas are the
Taskbar itself. The image below shows the left hand side of the taskbar.
Anatomy of a Window
➢Almost all Windows programs run in a region of the
screen called “window.”
➢Most windows may be resized and / or overlapped
to maximize the available screen real estate.

➢Most windows can be displayed in three states

1. Maximized – the window covers all available


screen real estate, excluding the taskbar
2. Restored – the window reverts to a smaller
state, which may be resized by the user
3. Minimized – the window is not displayed on
the desktop, but a button for it appears in the
taskbar
You can search your computer for a certain program
or specific file by simply typing in the name of it
after you’ve clicked on the start button. Type Word
now and the computer will search for it. A list should
appear with “Microsoft Word” as the first result. If
you were to click on this it will open up the program
Moving and changing the size of a Window
• To move a window
▫ Drag the window by its title bar.

• Options for changing a window’s size


▫ Sizing handle
 Located at the lower-right corner of the window
▫ Window borders
 Can be dragged left, right, up, or down
Using Program Menus
• Menus
▫ Organize a program’s features and available functions
• Menu bar
▫ Typically located at the top of the program window
▫ Shows the names of the menus
Changing the View
• Change the view by selecting an option from the View
menu on the menu bar
Shutting Down Windows 10

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