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Learning Theories

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Genevieve Gaviola
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20 views2 pages

Learning Theories

Uploaded by

Genevieve Gaviola
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LEARNING THEORIES  Behavioral learning theory argues that

even complex actions can be broken


down into the stimulus-response.
n Behaviorism, the learner’s mind is a
BEHAVIORISM “blank slate” ready to absorb knowledge
— and repetition and reinforcement play
Proponent: a key role in communicating with
students.

Behaviorism started as a reaction against For instance, the teacher will use either
introspective psychology in the 19th century, negative or positive reinforcement,
which relied heavily on first-person accounts. which respectively means subtracting
J.B. Watson and B.F. Skinner. (“negative”) or adding (“positive”)
Watson and Skinner believed that if they were something, in order to reinforce the
given a group of infants, the way they were desired behavior (or discourage an
raised and the environment they put them in undesired behavior). An example of
would be the ultimate determining factor for positive reinforcement might be
how they acted, not their parents or their rewarding or praising a behavior like
genetics. volunteering during group discussions.

Definition: COGNITIVISM
Behaviorism or the behavioral learning theory Proponent:
is a popular concept that focuses on how Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist and pioneer
students learn. Behaviorism focuses on the of Cognitive Learning Theory. Introduced
idea that all behaviors are learned through during the middle of the 20th century.
interaction with the environment. This learning
theory states that behaviors are learned from
the environment, and says that innate or
Definition:
inherited factors have very little influence on
behavior. Cognitivism holds that learning is an active
process, which involves making connections
between new information and what we already
Example: know. One of the key principles of cognitivism
is that people are able to construct their own
 Pavlov’s Dogs is a popular behaviorism knowledge based on their experiences and
experiment. what they already know. Cognitivism is an
A group of dogs would hear a bell ring important learning theory as it helps us to
and then they would be given food. After understand the different ways in which
enough time, when the bell would ring individuals process and acquire knowledge.
the dogs would salivate, expecting the Cognitivism shifts away from Behaviorism to
food before they even saw it. This is place a heavier emphasis on the internal
exactly what behaviorism argues—that thoughts of the observer, as opposed to merely
the things we experience and our observing others’ behavior and responding to
environment are the drivers of how we stimuli. In contrast to Behaviorism, Cognitivism
act. holds that learning chiefly takes place while the
student is working to break down and organize
new information in their mind.

Example:
 This view of learning puts a lot of
emphasis on understanding how people
think, remember, and make decisions.
Another key principle of cognitivism is
that learning occurs through the use of
mental processes such as problem-
solving, reasoning, and decision-
making.
 Cognitivism is all about the internal
mental processes that are responsible
for learning taking place, such as
receiving, organizing, storing, and
retrieval of information. An example of
cognitivism is the way that we solve
problems by using prior knowledge.
 Cognitivists believe that humans learn
from thinking. They believe that we learn
from our experiences and that we can
change our behaviors based on new
information. Knowledge is considered
an internal process rather than a
product.

CONSTRUCTIVISM
(COGNITIVE CONSTRUCTIVISM)
Proponent:
Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is considered the
father of the cognitive constructivism.

Definition:
The constructivist theory is based around the
idea that learners are active participants in
their learning journey; knowledge is
constructed based on experiences.

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