Control Structures - Examples

Control Sttructures
◼ All programs written in terms of 3 control structures:
 Sequence structure
◼ Programs executed sequentially by default.
 Selection structures
◼ C has three types - if, if/else, and switch
 Repetition structures
◼ C has three types - while, do/while, and for
Sequence Structure Example
Sequence Structure Example
◼ Write a C program to calculate the average of three
integers entered by user.
# include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int x, y, z;
int sum=0;
double avg;
printf("Enter three integers \n");
scanf("%d %d %d",&x,&y, &z);
sum=x+y+z;
avg= sum/3.0;
printf(”The average value is %.2f",avg);
return 0;
}
Selection Structure
◼ Three kinds of selections structures
 if (also called, ‘single-selection’)
◼ if condition is true
Perform action
◼ if condition is false, action is skipped, program continues
 if/else (also called, ‘double-selection’)
◼ if condition is true
Perform action
◼ else (if condition is false)
Perform a different action (this will be skipped if condition is true)
 switch (also called ‘multiple-selection’)
◼ Allows selection among many actions depending on the
integral value of a variable or expression
IF statement example
IF statement example
◼ Write a C program to check whether a
number entered by user is positive
# include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int num;
printf("Enter a number you want to check.\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
if(num > 0) //checking whether number is positive
printf("%d is positive.",num);
return 0;
}
IF-ELSE statement - Double Selection
◼ Syntax
if(expression) /* if expression is TRUE (i.e., NOT EQUAL to zero) */
statement1; /* execute this statement */
else /* else execute the following statement */
statement2;
Notes:
 If expression is non-zero, statement1 is executed, then the
program continues with the statement after statement2,
i.e., statement2 is skipped
 If expression is equal to zero, statement1 is skipped and
statement2 is executed, then the program continues with
the statement after statement2
IF-ELSE statement example
IF-ELSE statement example
◼ Write a C program to check whether a number
entered by the user is negative or positive
# include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int num;
printf("Enter a number you want to check.\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
if(num < 0) //checking whether number is negative
printf("%d is negative.",num);
else
printf("%d is negative.",num);
return 0;
}
IF-ELSE statement example
IF-ELSE statement example
◼ Write a C program to check whether a number
entered by user is even or odd.

# include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int num;
printf("Enter a number you want to check.\n");
scanf("%d",&num);
if((num%2)==0) //checking whether remainder is 0 or not.
printf("%d is even.",num);
else
printf("%d is odd.",num);
return 0;
IF-ELSE statement example
IF-ELSE statement example
◼ Write a C program to determine the maximum between
two integers entered by user.
# include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int numb1, numb2;
printf("Enter two integers to check\n");
scanf("%d %d",&numb1,&numb2);
if(numb1>numb2)
printf(”The maximum value is %d",numb1);
else
printf(" The maximum value is %d",numb2);
return0;
}
SWITCH - Flowchart
SWITCH
◼ Good when faced with testing multiple alternatives
that depend on a single variable
 The test is done once
◼ Must be an integral expression
 int or char
 NOT float, double
 case items must be constant integral expressions
◼ No variables
 The structure is very organized and readable
SWITCH Example
SWITCH Example
# include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char operator;
float num1,num2;
printf("Select an operator either + or - or * or / \n");
scanf("%c",&o); printf("Enter two operands: "); scanf("%f%f",&num1,&num2);
switch(operator) {
case'+’:
printf("%.1f + %.1f = %.1f",num1, num2, num1+num2);
break;
case'-’:
printf("%.1f - %.1f = %.1f",num1, num2, num1-num2);
break;
case'*’:
printf("%.1f * %.1f = %.1f",num1, num2, num1*num2);
break;
case'/’:
printf("%.1f / %.1f = %.1f",num1, num2, num1/num2);
break;
case’%’:
printf("%.1f % %.1f = %d ",num1, num2, num1%num2);
break;
default:
printf(”invalid entry");
break; }
return 0;
}
Repetition Structure
◼ Often need to repeat an action or calculation
◼ Repetition structures are often called ‘loops’.
 while tests a condition at the beginning of the loop
◼ condition must first be true for the loop to run even once
 do/while tests a condition at the end of the loop
◼ loop will run at least once
 for facilitates initializing and incrementing the
variable that controls the loop
◼ Especially helpful for:
 Looping for a known number of times
 Loops that count or that need to increment a variable
Loop Example
For Loop Example
◼ Write a C program to find the Factorial of a Number
using For Loop.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int i, n;
int fac = 1;
printf("Please Enter any number to Find Factorial = ");
scanf("%d", &n);
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
fac = fac * i;
printf("\nFactorial of %d = %d\n", n, fac);
return 0;
While Loop Example
◼ Write a C program to find the Factorial of a Number
using while Loop.
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{ int Num, i = 1;
int Fc = 1;
printf("\n Please Enter any value \n");
scanf("%d", &Num);
while (i <= Num)
{ Fc = Fc * i;
i++; }
printf("Factorial of %d = %d\n", Num, Fc);
Do-While Loop Example
◼ Write a C program to find the Factorial of a Number
using do-while Loop.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{ int n,i=1,f=1;
printf("\n Enter The Number:");
scanf("%d",&n);
do
{
f=f*i;
i++;
}while(i<=n);
printf("\n The Factorial of %d is %d",n,f);
return 0;