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Chapter 1.ICT.Notes

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Chapter 1.ICT.Notes

Uploaded by

yatisoewin.conceptx
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Hardware & Software

Hardware is a term for physical components that make up a typical system.

Hardware
 internal
 external

Internal Hardware devices

 Central process unit (CPU)/processor


 Mother board
 Random access memory (RAM)
 Read only memory (ROM)
 Graphic Card & Sound card
 Internal Storage devices like hard disk drivers (HDD) and solid-state drives (SSD)
 Network interface card (NIC)

External Hardware Devices.

 Monitor
 Printer Output Devices
 Plotter
 Keyboard
 Mouse Input Devices
 Camera

Software

Software is a term used for the programs that control the computer system and process data.

Two types of software

 application software.
o Provides the services that the user requires to solve a given task
 System Software
o Design to provides a platform on which all other software can run.

Application Software

 Word processing.
 Spreadsheet
 Control & measurement software
 Database (management system).
 Video editing
 Graphic editing.
 Audio editing
 Apps & applets
 Computer-aided design (CAD)

Provides services to users to do specific tasks.

Can be general-purpose software or custom-made software.

Specialist Software (Customized the clients wants & need)


System Software

 Compliers
o Software that translates high level language to machine language
 Device drivers
o Enable the devices to work with another
 Linkers
o Creates the link between language processor into workable solutions
 Operating System (OS)
o Software that provides the necessary facilities
 Utilities
o Enable computer to function.

Analogue & Digital data

Analogue data

 Real-world date that changes smoothly.


 Without discrete steps
 Infinite value between points (e.g., 2.55)

Digital data

 Computers only understand binary data (0&1)


 Only exact value (e.g., 1.2.3...)

ADC (Analogue to digital Converter): Convert analog to digital

DAC (Digital to Analog Conveter): Convert digital to analogue

Main Components of Computer Systems

 CPU (contained motherboard)


 Internal hard disk drive or solid-state drive
 RAM
 ROM
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

CPU, also known as microprocessor, is the brain of the computer that execute hardware & software
operations.

Components:

 Control unit (CU). Manage input & Output devices


 Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Perform computation & logical operations.
 Register: Small memory region for quick data access.

Function

 Processes input data


 Produce output results.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

 Temporary Memory devices storage


 Volatile (data lost when the power is off)
 Can be read and write
 Stores data, files, program, and so parts currently in use Can be increase in size to improve
operational speed

Read only Memory (ROM)

 Permanent memory storage


 Non-Volatile (data retained when power is off)
 Read-only, data cannot be change
 Store BIOS and other startup data
 Contain boot files for initial startup tasks.
 CMOS: Stores data, time and system configuration, powered by a battery

CMOS: Complementary metal oxide semiconductor


OS: Operation System.

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