Scribd
Upload
18 views

Exp 10 (Circuit Simulation Lab)

Uploaded by

r730466chandravanshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
18 views

Exp 10 (Circuit Simulation Lab)

Uploaded by

r730466chandravanshi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

CIRCUIT SIMULATION LAB ( BEE 351 )

Experiment No: 10
TO STUDY THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF TWIN - T –
NOTCH FILTER
1.1 Objective 1.2 Apparatus required 1.3 Theory 1.4 Procedure 1.5 Observation table 1.6
Precautions 1.7 Pre-Requisite Questions 1.8 Post- Requisite Questions

1.1 OBJECT -To study frequency response of twin – T notch filter.

1.2 APPARATUS
Sl. No. Name of the Apparatus Range Quantity
1. NVIS 6504 Experimental kit --------------- 1
2. AC mili-voltmeter 0-220V, 0-10 A 1
3. AF signal generator 3 MHz 1
4. DSO --------------- 1
5. Power supply 0-230 V (a.c.) 1
6. Patch chords for connection ---------------- 6

1.3 THEORY
The narrow band-reject, often called the notch-filter, is commonly used for the rejection of a single
frequency, such as the 50 Hz power line frequency. The most commonly used notch filter is the
twin-T network shown in Fig. 1. This is a passive filter composed of two T-shaped networks. One
T-network is made up of two resistors and a capacitor, while the other uses two capacitors and a
resistor.

Fig.1: General T Notch Filter Circuit

Page 51
CIRCUIT SIMULATION LAB ( BEE 351 )

Passive Twin-T Notch Filter:


The notch-out frequency is the frequency at which maximum attenuation occurs, it is given by:
1
fN = …………………………… 1
2RC
Unfortunately, the passive twin-T network has a relatively low figure of merit Q. The Q of the
network can be increased significantly if it is used with the voltage follower as shown in Fig. 2.
The frequency response of the active notch filter of Fig. 2 is shown in Fig. 3. The most common
use of notch filters is in communications and biomedical instruments for eliminating undesired
frequencies. To design an active notch filter for a specific notch-out frequency fN, choose the value
of C≤1F and then calculate the required value of R from equation 1.

Fig.2: Active Twin-T Notch Filter with Voltage Follower Circuit

Fig.3: Frequency Response of Active T-Notch Filter

Page 52
CIRCUIT SIMULATION LAB ( BEE 351 )

1.4 PROCEDURE:
1. Initially rotate potentiometer of Quality Factor Adjust anticlockwise to set it at some lower value
of resistance (around 680 ).
2. The notch frequency of the filter is given by
1
fN = …………………………… 1
2RC
For this circuit R = 680K and C = 4.7nF, so fN = 49.823 Hz  50 Hz.

Fig.4: Connection Diagram for Notch Filter on NVIS 6504


3. Connect +12V, −12V and Gnd terminals from Power Supply Section at their indicated position
of Twin-T Notch Filter.
4. Switch ‘On’ the Power Supply.
5. Set the output of Function Generator for sinusoidal signal at 20 Hz with a fixed amplitude (say
8 V) using Oscilloscope.
6. Connect TP1 with Vin of Twin-T Notch Filter to give a sinusoidal signal of fixed amplitude of
frequency 20Hz to Twin-T Notch Filter.
Page 53
CIRCUIT SIMULATION LAB ( BEE 351 )

7. Connect Gnd terminal of Function Generator to Gnd terminal of Twin-T Notch Filter i.e. connect
TP2 to TP14.
8. Observe output (Vout) on Oscilloscope and note down the output voltage in the Observation
Table.
9. Increase the frequency of input signal step by step and observe the effect on output (Vout) on
Oscilloscope. Tabulate the corresponding value of Vout at different values of input frequency
shown in Observation Table.
1.6 Observation Table:

Voltage Vout
S No. Input Frequency (Hz) Voltage Vin Gain =|Vo/Vi| = A
1. 20

2. 30

3. 40

4. 50(fN)

5. 60

6. 70

7. 80

8. 90

9. 100

10. 110

11. 120

Page 54
CIRCUIT SIMULATION LAB ( BEE 351 )

10. Plot the frequency response (i.e. graph between Gain and Input Frequency) of Twin-T Notch
Filter using the data obtained at different input frequencies.

11. Now rotate the Quality Factor Adjust potentiometer clockwise to increase the value of
resistance. As the resistance increases Quality Factor decreases. The higher the value of Q, the
narrower the bandwidth and the lower the value of Q, the wider the bandwidth. So value of Q is
an indication of the selectivity for a band filter.
12. Repeat steps 3 to 11.
13. Compare the frequency responses at different positions of Quality Factor Adjust potentiometer.

1.6 PRECAUTIONS:
1. Before assembling ckt on the board switch OFF the power supply of the board.
2. Use the proper connecting leads for making the interconnections. The plots given in theory are
typical results. It is not necessary that your results should exactly match these. Only the nature of
curves should be same.
3. Use the pots very gently otherwise the damping coefficient will change drastically.

1. 7 PRE-REQUISITE:
1. What is a Low –Pass filter?

Page 55
CIRCUIT SIMULATION LAB ( BEE 351 )

2. What do you mean by notch – in and notch – out filters?

3. What is High Pass filter?

1.8 POST-REQUISITE:
1. Define a state variable filters?

2. What is a switched capacitor? Discuss various types of switched capacitors and their
importance in filter applications?

Page 56

You might also like