Worksheet #1/2024-2025

Subject: Math

Grade : 9
Name:…………………………………
……. /12/2024
Section : ……………

Study + Revision for the Final Exam

Number/Unit #1
Different types of numbers:

Make sure you know the correct mathematical words for the types of numbers in the table.

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 Decimals: Study and solve / Pages 2-4

Fractions

1- Adding and subtracting fractions:

You can add or subtract fractions that have same denominators (common denominator).
common denominator: a common value that two or more fractions need to be
converted to in order to be able to add and/or subtract fractions.
You can use equivalent fractions to make fractions with the same denominator.
These examples show how to use the lowest common multiple (LCM) of both
denominators to find a common denominator.
2- Subtracting mixed numbers:

Here is a method for subtracting mixed numbers.

1. Change mixed numbers to improper fractions to make them easier to work with.
2. Subtract the improper fractions and cancel this answer to its simplest form.
3.If the answer is an improper fraction, change it back to a mixed number.

3- Multiplying Fractions:

Multiplying fractions is much easier than adding or subtracting them.

To multiply two fractions together, you simply multiply the two
numerators together to get the numerator of the answer, and then
multiply the two denominators together to get the denominator of
the answer. Sometimes you will need to simplify your answer.

4- Dividing fractions: Multiplying by the reciprocal of the fraction (KCF)

Reciprocal: the multiplier of a number that gives 1 as the result; for example, the
1 1
reciprocal of 2 is because × 2 = 1
2 2
To divide one fraction by another, you multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second
fraction.

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Fractions and decimals:

Fractions and recurring decimals:

1- How to write an equivalent decimal to a fraction with denominator NOT 10, 100, 1000 or
any power of 10?

Method #1: By writing an equivalent fraction with denominator 10 , 100 , 1000 or any
power of 10 if it is possible

Method #2 : By dividing the numerator by the denominator.

2- How to write recurring decimals as fraction?

Study Example 2 /Page 7 then solve Exercise 1.1D (Questions 53 to 60) /Page 8

Negative numbers

You can represent the set of integers on a number line like this:

The further to the right a number is on the number line, the greater its value

When you calculate with negative and positive integers, you need to pay attention
to the signs and remember these rules:

• Adding a negative number is the same as subtracting the number. 3 + −5 = −2

• Subtracting a negative number is the same as adding a positive number. 3 − −5 = 8

• Multiplying or dividing the same signs gives a positive answer. −3 × −5 = 15 and −20 ÷ −4 = −5

• Multiplying or dividing different signs gives a negative answer. 3 × −5 = 15 and 15 ÷ −3 = −5.

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 Number Facts:

Multiples and factors

Multiples

A multiple of a number is found when you multiply that number by a positive integer.
You can think of the multiples of a number as the ‘times table’ for that number. For
example, the multiples of 3 are 3 × 1 = 3, 3 × 2 = 6, 3 × 3 = 9 and so on. The first
multiple of any number is the number itself.

Factors

A factor is a number that divides exactly into another number with no remainder. For
example, 2 is a factor of 16 because it goes into 16 exactly 8 times. 1 is a factor of
every number. The largest factor of any number is the number itself.

Prime numbers

Prime numbers have exactly two different factors: one and the number itself.
Composite numbers have more than two factors. The number 1 has only one factor
so it is not prime and it is not composite.

Prime factors

Prime factors are the factors of a number that are also prime numbers.

Every composite whole number can be broken down and written as the product of its
prime factors. You can do this using tree diagrams or using division. Both methods are
shown in Worked example 5.

Example: Write 36 as the product of prime factors.

Using a factor tree

36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
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The Highest Common Factor (HCF)
The highest common factor of two or more numbers is the highest number that is a
factor of all the given numbers.

How to find the lowest common multiple (HCF)?

Method #1 : Listing multiples

Example : Find the highest common factor of 8 and 24.

Factors of 8 = 1, 2, 4, 8 List the factors of each number.
Factors of 24 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 Underline factors that appear in both sets.
HCF = 8 Pick out the highest underlined factor (HCF).

Method #2 : Using prime factors

Example: Find the HCF of 168 and 180.

168 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7 First express each number as a product of prime factors.

180 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 Use tree diagrams to do this.

Circle the factors common to both numbers

2 × 2 × 3 = 12 Multiply these out to find the HCF.

HCF = 12

The Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)

The lowest common multiple of two or more numbers is the smallest number that is
a multiple of all the given numbers.

How to find the lowest common multiple (LCM) ?

Method #1 : Listing multiples

Example : Find the lowest common multiple of 4 and 7.

Multiples of 4 = 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 List several multiples of 4.
Multiples of 7 = 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 List several multiples of 7.
LCM = 28
Find the lowest number that appears in both sets. This is the LCM.

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 Method #2 : Using prime factors

Example: Find the LCM of 72 and 120.

72 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 First express each number as a product of

prime factors. Use tree diagrams to do this.

120 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 Circle the largest set of multiples of each factor.

2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 360 List these and multiply them out to find the LCM.

LCM = 360

Rational and irrational numbers.

The set of real numbers is made up of rational numbers and irrational numbers.
𝑎
Rational numbers can be written as fractions in the form where a and b are non-zero
𝑏
integers. The set of rational numbers includes all integers, all fractions, all terminating decimals
and all recurring decimals.

Irrational numbers cannot be written as fractions. The set of irrational numbers consists
of non-terminating, non-recurring decimals. The square root of a non-square number
(such as 2), the cube root of a non-cube number (such as 123) and π are all irrational
numbers.

Order of operations

At this level of mathematics, you are expected to carry out calculations involving more
than one operation (+, −, × and ÷). When you do this you have to follow a sequence
of rules so that there is no confusion about what operations you should do first. The
rules for the order of operations are:

• complete operations in grouping symbols first

• deal with powers and roots next

• do division and multiplication next, working from left to right

• do addition and subtraction last, working from left to right.

Many people use the letters BODMAS to remember the order of operations. The letters stand for:

BODMAS indicates that indices (powers of ) are considered after brackets but before all
other operations.

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Powers, roots and laws of indices

You know that 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 16

You can write this in index notation as 𝟐𝟒

2 is the base 4 is the index

The index is also called a power or an exponent.

Square numbers and square roots

Cube numbers and cube roots

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Q#1:

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Q#2:

Q#3:

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Q#4:

Q#5:

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Q#6:

Q#7:

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 Sequences:

Generating sequences

Term-to-term rule : a rule to A rule to find any term of a

find a term of a sequence, sequence, given its 𝑵𝒕𝒉 term.
when given the previous term

Q#8: Work out the first four terms of these sequences

a first term 3 term-to-term rule is square, then subtract 5

𝒕𝟏 = 3 𝒕𝟐 = …………………. 𝒕𝟑 = ………………….
b first term −3 term-to-term rule is add 2 and square

𝒕𝟏 = -3 𝒕𝟐 = …………………. 𝒕𝟑 = ………………….

Q#9: Work out the first three terms and the 10th term of the sequences with the given
nth terms

𝒕𝟏 = …………… 𝒕𝟐 = …………… 𝒕𝟑 = …………… 𝒕𝟏𝟎 = …………

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 Sequences / 𝒏𝒕𝐡 term

Linear sequences:
The term increase (or decrease) 𝒏𝒕𝐡 term 𝒕𝟏 : the first term.
by the same amount. 𝒕𝒏 = 𝒕𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅. 𝒅: difference
The first difference between between
consecutive terms is constat. consecutive terms

𝒕𝐡
2𝑎 = 𝑑2
Quadratic sequences: 𝒏 term 3𝑎 + 𝑏 = 𝑑1
The second difference 𝒕𝒏 = 𝒂𝒏𝟐 + 𝒃𝒏 + 𝒄 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑡1
between the first differences
is constat.

6𝑎 = 𝑑3
Cubic sequences: 𝒏𝒕𝐡 term 12𝑎 + 2𝑏 = 𝑑2
The third difference between 𝒕𝒏 = 𝒂𝒏𝟑 + 𝒃𝒏𝟐 + 𝒄𝒏 + 𝒅 7𝑎 + 3𝑏 + 𝑐 = 𝑑3
the first differences is constat.
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 𝑑 = 𝑡1

Exponential or Geometric 𝒏𝒕𝐡 term 𝒕𝟏 : the first term.

sequences:
𝒕𝒏 = 𝒕𝟏 𝒓𝒏−𝟏 𝒓:the constant ratio
between two consecutive

Special sequences:

𝟐 𝒏𝟑 ∶ 𝟏 , 𝟖 , 𝟐𝟕 , 𝟔𝟒 , …
𝒏 ∶ 𝟏 , 𝟒 , 𝟗 , 𝟏𝟔 , … Cube numbers
Square numbers
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ....
Fibonacci Sequence
If the sequence starts
If the sequence starts
from 𝒕𝟏 =1
from 𝒕𝟏 = 𝟏
𝒕𝒏 = (𝒏𝟐 ± 𝒄) 𝒕𝒏 = (𝒏𝟑 ± 𝒄)

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 Special sequences:

(1) Square numbers: 𝒏𝟐 ∶ 𝟏 , 𝟒 , 𝟗 , 𝟏𝟔 , …

Case #1 : If the sequence starts from 𝒕𝟏 =𝟏 𝒕𝒏 = (𝒏𝟐 ± 𝒄)

Q#10: Find the 𝒏𝒕𝒉 term of the following sequences.

# 𝒕𝒏 = 𝒏𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟗 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟓

(a) 𝒕𝒏 = 𝒏𝟐 + 𝟑 𝟒 𝟕 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟗 𝟐𝟖

(b) 𝒕𝒏 = ⋯ 11 14 19 26 35

(c) 𝒕𝒏 = ⋯ 0 3 8 15 24

(d) 𝒕𝒏 = ⋯ -8 -5 0 7 16

Case #2 : If the sequence Does NOT start from 𝒕𝟏 =𝟏

Examples :

(a) 𝒕𝒏 = (𝒏 + 𝟏)𝟐 𝟒 𝟗 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟔
(b) 𝒕𝒏 = (𝒏 + 𝟐)𝟐 𝟗 𝟏𝟔 𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟔 𝟒𝟗
(c) 𝒕𝒏 = (𝒏 + 𝟒)𝟐 25 36 49 64 81

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 (2) Cube numbers 𝒏𝟑 ∶ 𝟏 , 𝟖 , 𝟐𝟕 , 𝟔𝟒 , …

If the sequence starts from 𝒕𝟏 =𝟏 𝒕𝒏 = (𝒏𝟑 ± 𝒄)

Q#11: Find the 𝒏𝒕𝒉 term of the following sequences.

# 𝒕𝒏 = 𝒏𝟑 𝟏 𝟖 𝟐𝟕 𝟔𝟒 𝟏𝟐𝟓

(a) 𝒕𝒏 = 𝒏𝟑 − 𝟏 𝟎 𝟕 𝟐𝟔 𝟔𝟑 𝟏𝟐𝟒

(b) 𝒕𝒏 = ⋯ 6 13 32 69 130

(c) 𝒕𝒏 = ⋯ 10 18 37 74 135

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 The laws of indices

Q#12:

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Q#13:

Rounding and estimating

In many calculations, particularly with decimals, you will not need to find an exact
answer. Instead, you will be asked to give an answer to a stated level of accuracy.
For example, you may be asked to give an answer correct to 2 decimal places, or to
3 significant figures

Tip : Rounding to 1 significant figure does not mean you will only have one digit.

When 13 432 is rounded to 1 significant figure it is 10 000 and not 1.

Q#14: Round:

a. 1.076 to 3 significant figures ……………………………………………………………………….

b. 0.00736 to 1 significant figure………………………………………………………………………

c. 23 512 435 to 2 significant figures ……………………………………………………………………

Estimating to get an approximate answer

To estimate the answer to a calculation, you need to round the numbers before you do

the calculation. Although you can use any accuracy, often the numbers in the

calculation is rounded to 1 significant figure:

3.9 × 2.1 is approximately equal to 4 × 2 = 8

Notice that 3.9 × 2.1 = 8.19, so the estimated value of 8 is not too far from the real value!

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Q#15:

Q#16:

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 Measurements and bounds :

1- Work out upper and lower bounds.

You already know how to round decimal numbers to a given number of decimal places (d.p.).
You also need to know how to round numbers to a given number of significant figures (s.f.).
The first significant figure in a number is the first non-zero digit in the number.

For example:
In the number 450, 4 is the first significant figure, 5 is the second significant figure and 0
is the third significant figure.

In the number 0.008 06, 8 is the first significant figure, 0 is the second significant figure
and 6 is the third significant figure.

To round a number to a given number of significant figures, follow these steps:

*Look at the digit in the position of the degree of accuracy. The ‘degree of accuracy’
is the number of significant figures you are working to. So, if you have been asked to
round to 3 significant figures, look at the third significant figure in the number.
*If the number to the right of this digit is 5 or more, increase the digit by 1. If the number
is less than 5, leave the digit as it is.
What are upper and lower bounds

Upper and lower bounds are the maximum and minimum values that a number could
have been before it was rounded.

How to find upper and lower bounds:

In order to find the upper and lower bounds of a rounded number:

1. Identify the place value of the degree of accuracy stated.

2. Divide this place value by 2.
3. Add this amount to the given value to find the upper bound, subtract this amount

from the given value to find the lower bound.

You can then write these as an error interval,

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 Example 1 : A number is given as 600 to the nearest 100.
Find the upper and lower bounds of the number.
Step 1 : Identify the place value of the degree of accuracy stated.

the number has been rounded to the nearest 100so the place value is 100.

Step 2 : Divide this place value by 2.

100÷2=50

Step 3 : Add this amount to the given value to find the upper bound, subtract this
amount from the given value to find the lower bound.
The upper bound is 600+50=650.
The lower bound is 600−50=550.

Example 2: rounded to the nearest whole number

A number is given as 14to the nearest whole number.

Work out the upper and lower bounds of the number and write down the error
interval.
Step 1 : Identify the place value of the degree of accuracy stated.
The number here has been rounded to the nearest whole number so the place value is 1.
Step 2 : Divide this place value by 2 1÷2=0.5
Step 3 : Add this amount to the given value to find the upper bound, subtract this
amount from the given value to find the lower bound. 𝟏𝟑. 𝟓 ≤ 𝒙 < 𝟏𝟒. 𝟓
The upper bound is 14+0.5=14.5.
The lower bound is 14−0.5=13.5.

Q#17:

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 Q#18:

Calculating with lower and upper bounds

1- When adding or multiplying with upper bounds (UB) or lower bounds (LB):

2- When subtracting or dividing with upper or lower bounds:

Q#19:

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Q#20

Q#21

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 Standard form
You write a number in standard form as 𝒂 × 𝟏𝟎𝒏 where 1 ⩽ a < 10 and n is an integer.
Calculating with standard form

1- Multiplying Numbers in Standard Form

All the four numbers are being multiplied, and we
𝟕) 𝟒) can multiply in any order. Firstly, what is the 3 × 2?
(𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎 × (𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎
And (thinking about laws of indices), what is
𝟕
3 × 2 × 𝟏𝟎 × 𝟏𝟎 𝟒 107 × 104 ?
Check your final answer if it’s written in standard from
3 × 2 × 𝟏𝟎𝟕+𝟒

6 × 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟏
2- Dividing Numbers in Standard Form Firstly, what is 8 ÷ 4?
And (thinking about laws of indices), what is
(𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎𝟗 ) ÷ (𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 ) 109 ÷ 103 ?

(𝟖 ÷ 𝟒) × 𝟏𝟎𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑

(𝟖 ÷ 𝟒) × 𝟏𝟎𝟗−𝟑

𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟔
3- Adding and Subtracting Numbers in Standard Form

(𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 ) + (𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 )
If the powers are not the same, either:

(a) Convert both numbers to normal numbers first, then add/subtract, then convert back
to standard form.

(𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 ) + (𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 )

= 4000 + 20000 = 24 000 = 2.4 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒

(b) Or better, change the number with the smaller power of 10 so it matches the power of

the larger one.

(𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑 ) + (𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 )

(𝟎. 𝟒 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 ) + (𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 ) = (𝟎. 𝟒 + 𝟐) × 𝟏𝟎𝟒 = 2.4 × 𝟏𝟎𝟒

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Q#22

Q#23

Q#24

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 Surds

Rationalising the
denominator
Simplifying surds
Exercise 1.8D
Exercise 1.8B

Exercise 1.8A

Adding and
subtracting surds

Exercise 1.8C

The End

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