Agreement No.

CE27/2015(CE)

Technical Study on Reclamation

at Lung Kwu Tan – Feasibility Study

Final Final Report

Ref. 246382/REP/024/02

Addendum No. 1 Incorporated

2018

As the report was completed in 2018, some information

of the report may not reflect the latest situation.
 Civil Engineering and Development
Department
Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE)
Technical Study on Reclamation at
Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report
246382/REP/024/02

Issue 02P26 May 2018 |

Addendum No. 1 Incorporated

This report takes into account the particular

instructions and requirements of our client.
It is not intended for and should not be relied
upon by any third party and no responsibility
is undertaken to any third party.

Job number 246382

Ove Arup & Partners Hong Kong Ltd

Level 5 Festival Walk
80 Tat Chee Avenue
Kowloon Tong
Kowloon
Hong Kong
www.arup.com
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Contents
Page

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background 1
1.2 The Study 1
1.3 Main Objectives of the Study 2
1.4 Scope of “Final Report” 3
1.5 Structure of the Report 3
1.6 Nomenclature and Abbreviation 3

2 Site Description 6
2.1 North West New Territories 6
2.2 Tuen Mun West 8
2.3 Lung Kwu Tan Study Area 8

3 Land Use Assumptions 13

3.1 Guiding Principles for the “Preliminary Land Use Themes” 13
3.2 Potential Land Uses Included for Assessment 15

4 Engineering and Environmental Assessments 17

4.1 Assessment Assumptions 17
4.2 Geotechnical Appraisal and Reclamation Study 17
4.3 Marine Traffic 24
4.4 Traffic and Transport 29
4.5 Environmental Assessments 33
4.6 Infrastructure 52
4.7 Cost and Programme 55
4.8 Assessment of Preliminary Land Use Theme 55

5 Next Step 59

Tables
Table 1.1 Abbreviations of Government Departments
Table 1.2 Abbreviations for Expressions Adopted in this Report
Table 3.1 Land Uses in Preliminary Land Use Themes
Table 4.1 Summary of Soil and Rock Stratigraphy from the Project Specific
Data within the Site
Table 4.2 Estimated Trip Generation of Preliminary Land Use Themes
Table 4.3 Summary of Fisheries Survey

Figures
Figure 1.1 Location of Lung Kwu Tan

246382/REP/024/02 |
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Figure 2.1 Tuen Mun West Area in North West New Territories
Figure 2.2 View of Lung Kwu Tan and Lung Kwu Sheung Tan from Headland
Figure 2.3 Industrial Operations at Lung Kwu Sheung Tan
Figure 2.4 Location of Lung Kwu Tan Village
Figure 2.5 Lung Kwu Tan Village
Figure 2.6 Clusters of Burial Grounds, Graves and Urns within Study Area
Figure 4.1 Potential Reclamation Extent
Figure 4.2 Layout of Existing Submarine Outfall
Figure 4.3 Topography of Study Area
Figure 4.4 Typical Sections of Proposed Seawall Scheme along Reclamation
Edge
Figure 4.5 Key Marine Traffic Movements
Figure 4.6 Wind Roses at Sha Chau and Tai Mo To Stations
Figure 4.7 Wind Rose at Hong Kong International Airport Station
Figure 4.8 Depth-averaged Current Speed (knots) in Flood Tides during Wet
Season
Figure 4.9 Depth-averaged Current Speed (knots) in Ebb Tides during Wet
Season
Figure 4.10 Proposed Road Improvement along Lung Mun Road and Siu Lang
Shui Road
Figure 4.11 Location of Proposed Slip Road connecting Tuen Mun Road
(Northbound) to Hoi Wing Road (Westbound)
Figure 4.12 Major Species Recorded in the Adult Fish Survey
Figure 4.13 Green Channel
Figure 4.14 CWD Tracklines acquired from Theodolite Tracking Survey
Figure 4.15 Location of Lung Kwu Tan Valley SSSI and Fung Shui Woods
Figure 4.16 Air Quality Exceedance Zone
Figure 4.17 Helipads and Noise Buffer Zone
Figure 4.18 Locations of Cultural Heritage Resources
Figure 4.19 Lau Ancestral Hall at Tuk Mei Chung
Figure 4.20 Tin Hau Temple

Drawings
246382/GEN/001 Potential Reclamation at Lung Kwu Tan

246382/REP/024/02 |
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

1 Introduction

1.1 Background
On 30 October 2015, Civil Engineering and Development Department
(CEDD) of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region commissioned Ove Arup and Partners Hong Kong Limited
(Arup) to provide consultancy services for Agreement No. CE 27/2015
(CE) “Technical Study on Reclamation at Lung Kwu Tan – Feasibility
Study” (the Study).

1.2 The Study

In 2011, CEDD had commissioned Arup under Agreement No.
CE9/2011(CE) “Increasing Land Supply by Reclamation and Rock
Cavern Development cum Public Engagement” Feasibility Study (the
Land Supply Study) to identify suitable locations for reclamation
outside Victoria Harbour and rock cavern development. Lung Kwu Tan
(LKT), with a possible reclamation area of 200 to 300 hectares, was
identified as one of the potential nearshore reclamation sites for further
consideration.
LKT is located at the western side of Tuen Mun (Refer to Figure 1.1).
Its relatively large reclamation area is conducive to comprehensive
planning for mixed and balanced land uses, creating jobs and supporting
the development of Tuen Mun New Town and Hong Kong.

Figure 1.1 Location of Lung Kwu Tan

The public opinions received during the Stage 2 Public Engagement

(PE2) of the Land Supply Study suggested that LKT reclamation site
could be specifically considered for land reserve, residential

246382/REP/024/02 Page 1
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

development, utilities uses including solid waste handling and recycling

facilities and power supply facilities, recreational or leisure facilities,
public parks, industrial, and tourism related facilities such as hotels.
Impact on marine ecology, including possible encroachment on habitat
of Chinese White Dolphin (CWD), ecological conservation,
transportation, cost effectiveness and the need to expedite land supply
were major concerns as regards to the LKT reclamation.
In addition, the reclamation and the subsequent development at LKT
are subject to various constraints including the development constraints
imposed by the nearby existing industrial facilities / installations and
village-type development, the identified CWD habitat just outside the
site, and the capacity of existing road network in view of the many
developments in Tuen Mun.
In view of the various constraints at LKT which may limit the
development potential of LKT reclamation, this Study was
commissioned to assess the feasible reclamation extent at LKT and to
ascertain key constraints and possible options on future land use before
proceeding with more detailed studies including planning and
engineering study and statutory environmental impact assessment
(EIA).
The findings of the Study will be further investigated, elaborated and
supplemented in the proposed detailed planning and engineering study
for the reclamation proposal in the next stage in order to meet the
requirement stipulated in the relevant planning and environmental
protection ordinances (e.g. Town Planning Ordinance, Foreshore and
Sea-bed (Reclamations) Ordinance, Environmental Impact Assessment
Ordinance (EIAO), etc.) to proceed with the requisite statutory
procedures required for a reclamation project.

1.3 Main Objectives of the Study

1.3.1 The overall objectives of the Study are to ascertain the engineering
feasibility of reclamation at LKT and to provide insight on the possible
land use options for LKT reclamation in consideration of many
development constraints and interfacing projects before taking forward
the reclamation proposal to detailed studies including planning and
engineering study and statutory EIA.
1.3.2 The main objectives of the Study are:-
(a) To determine the feasible extent of reclamation;
(b) To assess the preliminary engineering feasibility for reclamation;
and
(c) To identify the key constraints and possible options on future land
use.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 2
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

1.4 Scope of “Final Report”

1.4.1 The Final Report summarises the findings of various assessments in this
Study, and highlights the key issues and possible mitigation options for
future consideration. Further studies are also listed.

1.5 Structure of the Report

1.5.1 The Report is structured as follows:-
(a) Section 1 introduces the Study;
(b) Section 2 describes the Study Area and its surrounding;
(c) Section 3 presents the land use assumptions adopted in the Study for
assessment;
(d) Section 4 presents the results of the engineering and environmental
assessments; and
(e) Section 5 concludes the assessments, advises the potential
development theme of Lung Kwu Tan reclamation, the key
constraints on land use, and further studies required for future
consideration.

1.6 Nomenclature and Abbreviation

1.6.1 Table 1.1 lists out the abbreviated titles of government departments
mentioned in this Report.

Table 1.1 Abbreviations of Government Departments

Abbreviation Full title
CEDD Civil Engineering and Development Department
DSD Drainage Services Department
EPD Environmental Protection Department
GEO Geotechnical Engineering Office
GFS Government Flying Services
MD Marine Department
TD Transport Department
WSD Water Supplies Department
1.6.2 Table 1.2 lists out the meaning of abbreviation for expressions adopted
in this Report.

Table 1.2 Abbreviations for Expressions Adopted in this

Report
Abbreviation Full meaning
AHR Airport Height Restriction
ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable
AIS Automatic Identification System
AQO Air Quality Objective

246382/REP/024/02 Page 3
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Abbreviation Full meaning

BOD5 5-days Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BPPS Black Point Power Station
C&D Construction and Demolition
C&DMHF Construction and Demolition Materials Handling
Facilities
CD Chart Datum
CPPS Castle Peak Power Station
CWD Chinese White Dolphin
DCM Deep Cement Mixing
DI Departmental Instruction
DO Dissolved Oxygen
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIAO Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance, Cap
499
GI Ground Investigation
HK 2030+ The study of “Hong Kong 2030+: Towards a
Planning Vision and Strategy Transcending 2030”
HKIA3RS Expansion of Hong Kong International Airport into
a Three-Runway System
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
LATM Local Area Traffic Model
LKST Lung Kwu Sheung Tan
LKT Lung Kwu Tan
MAI Marine Archaeological Investigation
MTIA Marine Traffic Impact Assessment
NDA New Development Area
NSR Noise Sensitive Receiver
NTHS Natural Terrain Hazard Studies
NWNT North West New Territories
PAM Passive Acoustic Monitoring
PD Principal Datum
PE2 Stage 2 Public Engagement conducted under
Agreement No. CE 9/2011(CE) “Increasing Land
Supply by Reclamation and Rock Cavern
Development cum Public Engagement – Feasibility
Study” (the Land Supply Study)
PER Preliminary Environmental Review
PLUT preliminary land use theme
QPME Quite Powered Mechanical Equipment
RTT River Trade Terminal
SAI Site of Archaeological Interest
SCLKCMP Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park
SME Small and Medium Enterprise
SS Suspended Sediments (or Solids)
SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest
STM Strategic Transport Model
STW Sewage Treatment Works

246382/REP/024/02 Page 4
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Abbreviation Full meaning

TGN Technical Guidance Note
TIN Total Inorganic Nitrogen
TTIA Traffic and Transport Impact Assessment
UIA Unionised Ammonia
WCZ Water Control Zone
WENT West New Territories Landfill
WSR Water Sensitive Receiver
WTW Water Treatment Works

246382/REP/024/02 Page 5
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

2 Site Description

2.1 North West New Territories

North West New Territories (NWNT) is geographically located near the
boundary of Hong Kong and Mainland, and it has an extensive low-
lying area. With the provision of major transportation linkage of Deep
Bay Link and Tuen Mun-Chek Lap Kok Link, and the proposed Tuen
Mun Western Bypass and Route 11, the connectivity of Hong Kong
West internally including NWNT and Lantau as well as externally with
the Pearl River Delta can be greatly enhanced. Figure 2.1 shows the
area around Tuen Mun West in NWNT. Coupled with a number of
major development projects under planning in NWNT and various
development initiatives in North Lantau, Hong Kong West will be the
growth pole for both housing and strategic economic infrastructure in
the future.

Figure 2.1 Tuen Mun West Area in North West New

Territories

The imbalance in spatial distribution of population and jobs in the

territory has long been identified, as the employment opportunities are
centralised at the existing urban areas whilst there is vast amount of
population at Tuen Mun, Yuen Long and Tin Shui Wai. According to
the study “Hong Kong 2030+: Towards a Planning Vision and Strategy
Transcending 2030” (HK 2030+), despite a sizeable proportion of Hong
Kong’s population (about 41%) lived in the non-Metro Area1 in 2014,
only about 24% of the job opportunities were provided in the same area.
Such unbalanced distribution has resulted in congestion of key
commuting corridors, more and longer home-to-work journeys, hence
more carbon emission, less family / leisure time, lower productivity,

1
Tsuen Wan and Kwai Tsing are regarded as Metro Area in the analysis.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 6
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

etc. Addressing this imbalance will be one of the key tasks in HK

2030+. It is suggested in HK 2030+ to create strategic economic nodes
outside Metro Area to bring about high-impact solutions. With the New
Development Areas (NDAs), some of the future employment can
decentralise to NWNT to strive towards the above goal.
The study “2014 Area Assessments on Industrial Land in the Territory”
suggested that there would be an increasing demand forecast in
industrial floor space in 2018 and 2023 at a territorial level, taking into
account the arising needs for general logistics and warehousing, and the
limited existing industrial stock to meet such demand.
Major studies for developments in NWNT, including Hung Shui Kiu
NDA, housing sites in Yuen Long South and Tuen Mun Areas 40 and
46 development, are being carried out under separate consultancy
studies to explore new employment opportunities and address long-
term housing demand.

Hung Shui Kiu New Development Area

Hung Shui Kiu NDA is one of the areas under planning for short-to-
long term land supply. As a regional economic and civic hub for the
NWNT, it will be the next-generation new town of Hong Kong
complementing the new towns of Tin Shui Wai, Yuen Long and Tuen
Mun for provision of housing, employment opportunities and civic
facilities. With a total population of about 218,000, Hung Shui Kiu
NDA will provide about 61,000 new flats and 150,000 new job
opportunities.
It has been discussed to turn the existing land inefficient uses which are
largely accommodated in the open area and occupying sizable land,
such as container storage, construction material/ machinery storage, car
repair workshops, recycling yards, rural workshops, and other
brownfield operations to other more beneficial uses. From
development perspective, decanting brownfield operations to make way
for development through comprehensive planning and infrastructure
upgrading is important as a major future source of land supply and to
enhance the utilisation of limited land resource. However, the need for
certain brownfield operations cannot be ignored. Some services are part
and parcel of certain sectors of Hong Kong’s overall economy, and
should be provided locally. More importantly, brownfield operations
offer local business and job opportunities for certain small and medium
enterprises (i.e. SMEs) and low-skilled labour. In this regard, the
Government will take Hung Shui Kiu NDA as a pilot area for
examining the feasibility of accommodating brownfield operations that
are still needed in Hong Kong in a more land efficient manner.
Feasibility studies on technical aspects, operation model and business
viability of the proposed multi-storey buildings for brownfield
operations already commenced.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 7
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Tuen Mun Areas 40 and 46

Tuen Mun Areas 40 and 46 will connect with the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-
Macao Bridge Hong Kong Boundary Crossing Facilities and North
Lantau via Tuen Mun – Chek Lap Kok Link, and will also link up with
the proposed Tuen Mun Western Bypass to other parts of the NWNT.
The enhanced accessibility of Tuen Mun Areas 40 and 46 will provide
opportunities for optimising development potential. Four parcels of
land are identified as Potential Development Areas, which cover a total
area of about 50 hectares.
There is vision to transform Tuen Mun Areas 40 and 46 into a major
economic activity area in the NWNT, capturing the geographical
advantage, enhanced accessibility and opportunity of bridgehead
economy brought by new road infrastructure and development projects.
To capture the geographical advantage, the areas are proposed to be
developed as a modern logistics/green industry hub to address the
demand in Hong Kong and to create job opportunities for the Tuen Mun
District and the Territory.

2.2 Tuen Mun West

The industrial sector plays an important role in supporting the Tuen
Mun New Town with two major industrial clusters in Tuen Mun: one is
at the core of the New Town designated for light industry such as food
manufacturing, and the other one is located to the west of Butterfly Bay
(i.e. to the southeast of LKT) used by special industries such as steel
manufacturing and material recycling. There are also some logistic
firms in the southeast of LKT, taking the location advantage near the
River Trade Terminal (RTT).
Being remote and separated from the major developments and
population centre, groups of special facilities and industrial operations
are gathered at the further west of Tuen Mun near LKT. These facilities
include:
(a) To the north of LKT near Tsang Tsui: West New Territories
(WENT) landfill and its proposed extension, T. Park (or previously
known as Sludge Treatment Facilities), proposed columbarium at
Tsang Tsui, Black Point Power Station (BPPS), and
(b) To the southeast of LKT near Tuen Mun Area 40: Castle Peak Power
Station (CPPS), Green Island Cement Plant, Shui Wing Steel Mill, Eco-
Park, proposed development in Tuen Mun Areas 38 & 49 and 40 & 46,
RTT, aviation fuel depot and cargo working area in Tuen Mun Area 16.

2.3 Lung Kwu Tan Study Area

2.3.1 The Study Area mainly covers the sea area outside the shore of LKT,
namely the bay outside Lung Kwu Sheung Tan (LKST) in the north and
LKT in the south separated by a headland (Refer to Figure 2.2). To the
east of the Study Area lies the vast hilly terrain of Castle Peak Ridge of

246382/REP/024/02 Page 8
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

restricted access, which is used by the People’s Liberation Army for

regular military practices.
2.3.2 The area is accessible by Lung Kwu Tan Road, a north-south single 2-
way carriageway, which links to Nim Wan Road in the north and Lung
Mun Road in the south connecting to Tuen Mun Town Centre. Lung
Mun Road is the only external access linking up the LKT area to Tuen
Mun New Town and thus the rest of the territory. The LKT area is
separated from the major developments and population centre in Tuen
Mun not only geographically by the Castle Peak Ridge but also
physically by the limited transport infrastructure.
2.3.3 The shore stretches from Lan Kok Tsui in the north to the material
handling berth of CPPS in the south. The total length of shoreline is
about 5.3 km including 4.3 km natural shoreline and 1.0 km artificial
shoreline. Two coastal and alluvial plains occur around the shoreline,
and the shorelines within the bays are mostly narrow sandy beaches. On
the seaward side of the beaches is generally shallow water. The seabed
level within the embayment where reclamation is being considered
ranges from approximately 0.2m to 5m below Principal Datum (PD)
(i.e. -0.2mPD to -5.0mPD) throughout most of its area, with a general
trend of increasing depth towards the sea.

Figure 2.2 View of Lung Kwu Tan and Lung Kwu Sheung Tan
from Headland

2.3.4 The shallow water embayment offers opportunity for nearshore

reclamation. In fact, outside the bays is the heavily trafficked
navigation channel – Urmston Road. Within the bays, there is a
submarine effluent outfall extending from the northern part of LKST to
Urmston Road, and berthing facilities near CPPS. These features help
define the potential reclamation extent.
2.3.5 The LKT area and its surroundings have a wide variety of natural
landscapes of environmental significance / ecological value. Lung Kwu
Tan Valley Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) is located
approximately 400m from the reclamation area, in-between are roads,
villages, field and woodland. This SSSI is widely recognised as one of
the most important butterfly habitats in Hong Kong with a high
diversity of butterfly species recorded.
2.3.6 The reclamation area is also close to Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau
Marine Park. It is located about 2km from the reclamation area, and is
known to be the major feeding area for CWD. A CWD Lookout is
stationed at the headland between LKT and LKST. Other well-known

246382/REP/024/02 Page 9
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

tourist spots include the Tin Hau Temple, Emperor's Cave (皇帝巖) and
Lau Ancestral Hall.
The development at LKT area is subject to the Airport Height
Restriction (AHR), i.e. the height restriction prescribed under the Hong
Kong Airport (Control of Obstructions) Ordinance (Cap. 301). Under
the current operation of the Two-Runway System at the Hong Kong
International Airport, the AHR over the potential reclamation varies
from +130mPD to +155mPD. However, more stringent height
restriction may be considered over the southern portion of the LKT area
for the future operation of the Expansion of Hong Kong International
Airport into a Three-Runway System (HKIA3RS).

Lung Kwu Sheung Tan

2.3.8 LKST is predominantly occupied by individual industrial installations
such as open storages with temporary structures, light industrial areas,
workshops and recycling operations. These industrial establishments
are mostly composed of low-rise 1-2 storey warehouse-type buildings,
forming the light industry cluster to the north of the Study Area. The
groups of structures within separate private lots are spatially distinct
from neighbouring lots and do not give the impression of an organised
development. In general, there are only few government lands in LKT
community. Many existing light industries found in open air sites are
primarily on agricultural lots associated with Short Term Waivers, or in
form of temporary operations associated with Short Term Tenancies,
Government Land Licences and Government Land Allocations in the
proximity of LKST.

Figure 2.3 Industrial Operations at Lung Kwu Sheung Tan

Lung Kwu Tan

LKT is the main population centre of the area. According to the 2016
Population Census, there was a population of 1,892 people residing in
the area and concentrated at LKT Village. LKT Village is a pre-1898
recognised village and is the only residential settlement within the
Study Area. It comprises five geographic places, namely Lung Tsai, Sha
Po Kong, Tuk Mei Chung, Nam Long and Pak Long, adjoining Lung
Kwu Tan Road as shown in Figure 2.4. The Grade 3 Historic Building,
Lau Ancestral Hall, is located at Tuk Mei Chung.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 10
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Figure 2.4 Location of Lung Kwu Tan Village

2.3.10 There are numerous private lots within LKT Village and some of them
are with building status which includes building licences/ New Grant/
Old Schedule house lots. In addition to private lots with building status,
there are private agricultural lots, structures for agricultural purposes
covered by letter of approval, and tolerated structures covered by
surveyed number at LKT.

Figure 2.5 Lung Kwu Tan Village

Similar to the indigenous villages throughout Hong Kong, the village-

type development in LKT Village is mostly composed of clusters of
three-storey village houses along informally organised rural roads with
limited overall planning.
The geographical places within LKT Village also adjoin and mix with
rural small businesses, rural industries and operations/storage on open
space.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 11
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Indigenous villagers in the New Territories are entitled to burial rights

in permitted burial grounds, which usually are located in the same
village settlements, in the vicinity or on Government land. There are
four main burial grounds in LKT area and a number of individual burial
urns or graves scattered around the community.
Three of the permitted burial grounds are situated around foothills (one
is next to Lung Tsai, and the other two are near Pak Long) and one is
located at upper hills right next to the existing CWD lookout point.
They are part of the LKT community and as observed on-site, they are
all maintained in good condition.

Figure 2.6 Clusters of Burial Grounds, Graves and Urns within

Study Area

Opportunities provided by Lung Kwu Tan Reclamation

Knowing the drastic planning change in the NWNT, LKT reclamation
could play a part in the strategic planning of the whole region,
complementary to other developments in the NWNT. For instance, the
new space formed by LKT reclamation could provide decanting sites
for any resumption / relocation of brownfield operations at the NDAs,
and other redevelopment proposals in Tuen Mun.
Due consideration should be given to the unique characteristic of Tuen
Mun West and LKT area, i.e. the existing industrial setting and the
remoteness, when formulating the development plan for LKT
reclamation. The vast area of new land and the long seafront that can be
provided by the reclamation proposal make it a valuable land resource
for certain types of land use.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 12
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

3 Land Use Assumptions

3.1 Guiding Principles for the “Preliminary Land

Use Themes”
Considering the opportunities and constraints for the reclamation
proposal, the possible land uses and combination were set out in the
form of “preliminary land use themes” for assessment in the Study. A
set of guiding principles, described below, were established to direct
the formulation of the preliminary land use themes to assist the
assessments and, after completion of the technical and environmental
assessments, to evaluate the relative performance of the preliminary
land use themes. At the end, potential development theme(s) for LKT
reclamation would be identified with due consideration given to the
vision of this reclamation project as well as the site constraints.

Enhance Land Supply to meet Territorial Needs

The sizeable reclamation at LKT would provide ample opportunities to
increase and expedite land supply as the fundamental solution to meet
various land demands of Hong Kong and to complement with other
developments in Tuen Mun West. The opportunities provided by its
location advantages and the marine access of LKT should be captured
to meet the regional and territorial needs and provide new employment
opportunities.

Meet Local Needs

Being a small and remote village cluster, LKT community has limited
economic opportunities with its local business mostly taking place in
mini-stores run by home-makers in daytime. There is no clinic, public
library, post office and market in LKT; the residents have to travel about
15 minutes driving distance to Butterfly Estate in Tuen Mun South for
these community facilities and there is only one bus line running in-
between. Currently, there is no suitable government land in the LKT
area to meet the shortfall of community facilities.
With the proposal of reclamation development, there are opportunities
to improve the livelihood of the locals in three aspects: provision of
more local business opportunities, provision of various new facilities,
and improvement on the accessibility of LKT area with new public
transport services.

Compatibility with Nearby Village and Industries

The existing land uses in LKST and LKT, which fall within the northern
and southern portions of the Study Area respectively, are distinct:
industrial in the north and village housing in the south. The new
developments on the reclamation will adjoin these existing land uses,
and should preferably be compatible with these existing usage.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 13
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

The northern portion of the Study Area comprises mainly light

industrial operations. Non-residential developments could be
considered.
In contrast, the southern portion of the Study Area is generally
residential in nature with village-type development just next to the coast
near the reclamation area. Buildings in lower development density
could be compatible with the existing villages.

Minimise Impacts on Existing Road Network and Provision of New

Transport Infrastructure
3.1.8 Development inevitably involves movements of goods and people in
one or more mode(s) of transport. The LKT area is linked to the Tuen
Mun New Town by Lung Mun Road and the rest of the territory by
Wong Chu Road and Tuen Mun Road. These three key roads form an
important east-west spine for road traffic associated with the new
development on the reclamation at LKT. These key roads are serving
road traffic in Tuen Mun and the NWNT, and these key roads have only
limited traffic flow capacity to spare for the new development.
The planning of the proposed development on LKT reclamation should
therefore consider the need to minimise impact on these key roads. It
would be more desirable to have land uses at LKT reclamation that can
capitalise the spare capacity of the existing transport infrastructure in
the reverse direction of peak hour flow, or else substantial input would
be required for the strategic transport infrastructure.

Respect the Environment and Minimise Impacts

Besides human needs, reclamation works and the associated
developments must respect the nature and environment, including
terrestrial and marine ecology. This principle is evolved around the
overarching strategic goal of sustainable development.
It is of particular importance for LKT reclamation development, given
the natural resources of environmental significance / ecological value
present in the surroundings. The developments at LKT should pay due
respect to these ecological assets and facilitate their conservation.
For the goodness of the society, impacts on the environment given rise
by any kind of development have to be minimised, confined and
mitigated as much as possible. These include the pollution that would
affect humans, such as noise and deterioration of air quality and water
quality, and disturbance to the terrestrial and marine lives. Apart from
minimising the impact, opportunities should be explored to provide
some form of ecological enhancement to restore the damaged habitat.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 14
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Adopt a Flexible Design and Adaptable Implementation

Programme
Possibility to undertake the whole development in phases should be
explored for earlier commissioning to meet the urgent need of land. It
would be desirable if some part(s) of new development can be
commissioned before the completion of supporting infrastructures such
as water supply and sewage treatment. The land use planning should
therefore take into account the possible phasing and the construction
time required for the land formation and the provision of associated
infrastructures.
The existing road connection to Tuen Mun is at the south of LKT. As
such, it would be more desirable to reclaim the southern portion and
construct the new connecting road to Lung Mun Road first to minimise
traffic impact on the Lung Kwu Tan Road.
Land resumption should be avoided as far as possible. Apart from the
concerns over the impact on the villagers, it would induce uncertainty
to the implementation programme of the development because the
required process may be lengthy.

3.2 Potential Land Uses Included for Assessment

3.2.1 In order to meet the objectives of the Study, five preliminary land use
themes were formulated to facilitate the assessments required by this
Study. They were adopted as the development assumptions to identify
possible worst-case scenarios for technical and environmental
assessments in order to assess the development opportunities and
constraints of the LKT reclamation development. These themes were
set out solely for the purposes of preliminary assessments required in
this Study and do not represent the actual proposals. The actual
development proposal for the reclamation will be developed in the
future detailed studies and assessments, including the statutory EIA,
with the involvement of the public.
3.2.2 Major land use types considered include residential and industrial uses,
whilst commercial areas for office space, local retail outlets, etc. were
only considered alongside with the residential / industrial development
to support the future development.
• Residential uses – With the opportunities presented in the
reclamation proposal to help address the major territorial needs
including housing demands, utilising suitable parts of the
reclamation area for housing development should be considered. In
fact, under the public engagement activities done under the Land
Supply Study, residential development was suggested as a potential
land use by the public. A range of housing including private and
subsidised housing could be considered to provide a suitable
housing mix. The scale and density of the future housing
developments should consider the low density village-type housing
in the surrounding areas to ensure a compatible development scale.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 15
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

• Industrial uses – The success of Hong Kong’s future development

hinges on securing the necessary land resources to improve
productivity and remain competitive in the Pearl River Delta
region. Strong demand has been noted in the territory for industrial
estates and science parks within which Hong Kong’s
manufacturing as well as research and development sectors can
blossom. In addition, there is a growing demand in the territory for
the industrial operations with special requirements (i.e. modern
logistics and warehousing, green industries and industrial parks
proposed in the studies for Hung Shui Kiu NDA and Tuen Mun
Areas 40 and 46). Some of them may require marine access. LKT
reclamation, if pursued, would offer opportunity to provide new,
dedicated and modern industrial accommodation to cater for the
new industrial processes requiring higher standard of
accommodation to meet the territorial demand.
Some territorial facilities and installations which have played important
roles in supporting Hong Kong’s growth and prosperity were also
considered. The remote location and neighbouring industrial setting of
LKT provide this reclamation site with a strong potential as solution
space for such uses to serve the territory’s growth. Special uses such as
Construction and Demolition Materials Handling Facilities
(C&DMHF), which are set up for production of recyclable materials
and/or public fill for reclamation and should be equipped with barging
point(s) at seafront for material loading/unloading, were considered in
the Study for assessment purpose. Placing these facilities in relative
isolation from major population centres is one of the options from
strategic town planning perspective.
3.2.4 The land use combinations of the five preliminary land use themes
(PLUT) are summarised in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 Land Uses in Preliminary Land Use Themes

Area Preliminary Land Use Theme (PLUT)
A B C D E
Northern
Special
Portion (near Residential Industrial
Use
LKST)
Residential Industrial
Southern
Special Special
Portion (near Industrial
Use Use
LKT)
Each preliminary land use theme may have different associated
infrastructure requirements (e.g. new access roads, freshwater / flushing
water mains, pumping stations or service reservoir, sewerage and
drainage systems, sewage pumping stations, sewage treatment works,
and berthing facilities). However, in this preliminary project stage,
these requirements were not investigated in detail in this Study. They
will be proposed and designed in details when the actual development
proposal is formulated in the future studies.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 16
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

4 Engineering and Environmental

Assessments

4.1 Assessment Assumptions

At this very preliminary stage of the project, the assessments were done
based on various assumptions such as reclamation extent, construction
methods and programme, and possible land uses and combination set
out in the preliminary land use themes. The assumptions were
established to facilitate the assessments under reasonably conservative
and possible worst-case scenario, and do not represent the actual
proposals. The actual proposal and details will be developed in detailed
studies in the future, including the subsequent planning and engineering
studies and statutory EIA, with the involvement of the public.
Possible interfacing projects were also identified, with reference to the
best available information regarding the ongoing, committed, planned
and proposed projects at the time of the assessment. The interfacing
issues and the cumulative effects, in particular to the environmental and
traffic conditions during operation, were identified and assessed in
advance, with a view to identify the implication, if any, on the
reclamation proposal due to other interfacing projects.
The aspects investigated and the key findings are summarised in this
Section.

4.2 Geotechnical Appraisal and Reclamation Study

Potential Reclamation Extent
LKST and LKT together has an extensive coastal area with shallow
seabed level. Reclamation is technically feasible, and the potential
reclamation area is approximately 220 to 250 hectares on plan as shown
in Figure 4.1. It stretches about 3 km in the north-south direction and
700m to 1 km in the east-west direction between the existing shore and
the new reclamation edge. With such a sizeable reclaimed area, there
are countless potential for development.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 17
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Figure 4.1 Potential Reclamation Extent

The potential reclamation extent was assessed in consideration of

hydrodynamic, existing marine traffic pattern in Urmston Road and the
sightings of CWD. It is limited within the embayment of shallow water
to avoid changing the hydrodynamic regime within the nearby water
bodies, to avoid encroaching upon the key navigation channel and the
key CWD habitat just outside the bay (see Section 4.5 on “Chinese
White Dolphin”). This extent is preliminary only and subject to review
when the future land uses on the reclamation area, in particular the land
uses along the shore, are determined and when detailed studies and
investigation including EIA are undertaken.
Industrial uses might need marine transportation and loading or
unloading of goods at the berths on the waterfront. Straight reclamation
edge was initially proposed in the southern portion of the site that could
allow marine access and berthing of vessels along the seaward edge of
the reclamation. Vertical seawall would be required where berthing
facilities are proposed. To provide sufficient space between the existing
marine traffic using Urmston Road and the vessels berthing at the
reclamation edge, the straight reclamation edge is set back by 100m
from the line joining the Black Point headland in the north and the
existing berth at the CPPS in the south. The existing seabed level along
this straight reclamation edge is higher than 5m below Chart Datum

246382/REP/024/02 Page 18
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

(CD) (i.e. -5.0mCD) [Note: Chart Datum is 0.146m below the Principal
Datum.]. Dredging might be required to provide adequate water depth
for vessel berthing and manoeuvring along this reclamation edge.
An existing submarine effluent outfall, maintained by the Drainage
Services Department (DSD), was identified within the northern portion
of the potential reclamation area as shown in Figure 4.2. This outfall
connects to the North West New Territories Sewage Tunnel to convey
and discharge the treated effluent from San Wai Sewage Treatment
Works (STW) to Urmston Road, serving the catchments of Yuen Long
peripheral area, North Tuen Mun and the Tuen Mun-Yuen Long
Corridor, Tin Shui Wai and Au Tau/Long Ping.
Considering the importance of the existing submarine outfall to its
catchments and the significant challenges in re-provisioning of this
outfall at the heavily trafficked Urmston Road, the existing outfall
should be retained and kept intact. Reclaiming over the outfall is not
recommended as this would load the outfall and its surrounding soil that
they were not originally designed for. Due to the no-dredging
requirement near the outfall, on-shore berthing is not allowed in the
northern portion of the reclamation site in the preliminary layout.

Figure 4.2 Layout of Existing Submarine Outfall

Ground Condition
The potential reclamation area predominantly comprises a nearshore
area with coastal features such as headlands, narrow beaches and
reclaimed land located along the existing shore. Natural terrain hillsides
are present at several locations to the north, east and south of the
potential reclamation area respectively and are generally characterised

246382/REP/024/02 Page 19
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

by rugged terrain with the presence of a series of dominantly west-

trending drainage lines along the topographic depressions in the
hillsides.

Figure 4.3 Topography of Study Area

The coastal areas abutting the eastern boundary of the potential

reclamation area are generally at elevations ranging between +2.5mPD
and +7.0mPD, with elevations of +5.0mPD recorded at the then barging
point at LKST in the north, +2.5mPD at LKST beach in the northeast,
+4.5mPD at Sha Po Kong in the southeast and +7.0mPD at the CPPS
in the south respectively.
The seabed level within the potential reclamation area generally ranges
from approximately -0.2mPD to -5.0mPD throughout most of its areas,
with a general trend of lower level towards the west of the site.
The superficial deposits within the potential reclamation area
predominantly comprise a layer of marine deposits (marine mud and
marine sand) underlain by alluvium. The marine sand is mainly
concentrated along the shoreline.
Onshore superficial deposits comprise mainly debris flow deposits,
raised beach deposits, beach deposits and occasional areas of fill
associated with past reclamation and seawall construction within the
coastal area. The onshore superficial deposits are predominantly
concentrated within the two low-lying bay areas, with the beach
deposits present in the near-coastal areas and debris flow deposits
commonly located further inland within the valley floors, footslopes
and topographic depressions.
The solid rock below the superficial deposits is predominantly medium
grained granite of the Tsing Shan Granite, which forms an elliptical
pluton in the western New Territories that is invariably microcrystic
within the LKT area.
Minor intrusions of aplite and lamprophyre were recorded in the region
in the form of northeast trending dykes, in particular within the area of
the Black Point headland abutting the northern boundary of the
potential reclamation area.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 20
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Desktop study and review of existing ground investigation (GI) records

were undertaken as part of this Study. Additional project-specific
marine GI works were carried out in the Study Area to supplement the
available data and to verify the geological profiles. Field tests and
laboratory testing on soil/rock samples were undertaken to enable better
understanding of the ground characteristics.
The project-specific GI works comprised a total of ten (10) marine
drillholes together with in-situ vane shear tests and standard penetration
tests, five (5) vibrocores as well as five (5) grab samples. The GI works
found that the marine deposits were variable in composition and
comprised a mixture of clay, silt and sand. A relatively high percentage
of gravel (up to 40%) was occasionally found within the marine
deposits. The marine deposit was found to vary from 5.9m to 12.5m in
thickness. Alluvium was found to be highly variable in composition,
comprising predominantly clay and sand, with the sandy strata often
being very gravelly. Completely to highly decomposed granite was
reasonably well-graded and comprised typically silty gravelly-sand.
The soil and rock stratigraphy of the project specific GI data is
summarised in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 Summary of Soil and Rock Stratigraphy from the

Project Specific Data within the Site
Type Thickness (m), if Top Level (mPD), if
present present
Marine Deposits 5.9m to 12.5m -1.05mPD to -3.15mPD
Alluvium 1.5m to 10.0m -7.5mPD to -17.1mPD
CDG to HDG 1.0m to 41.9m -11.15mPD to -21.6mPD
Corestone Layer 1.09m to 10.82m -12.2mPD to -63.5mPD
Engineering - -13.29mPD to -74.32mPD
Rockhead

Natural Terrain
A number of natural terrain catchments are situated within the hillside
areas directly abutting the shoreline in the northern and central portions
of the potential reclamation area. Initial assessments, based on desktop
study, review of landslide records / inventory and boulder field
inventory kept by the Geotechnical Engineering Office (GEO),
indicated limited historical landslide activity within these catchments
but highlighted the presence of extensive rock outcrop and boulder
coverage within them.
A preliminary screening in accordance with Geotechnical Engineering
Office (GEO) Report No. 138 “Guidelines for Natural Terrain Hazard
Studies” (NTHS) was carried out for the credible flowpaths for each
natural terrain catchment. Some of these catchments, mostly near the
central portion of the potential reclamation area, were found meeting
“Alert Criteria” which will require an NTHS depending on the nature

246382/REP/024/02 Page 21
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

of the proposed developments and their locations from the toe of the
catchment. In the next stage studies when the land uses and detailed
facility layouts are available, the location and the extent of hillside
requiring a detailed NTHS will be reviewed. Subject to the results of
the detailed NTHS, mitigation measures will be designed and
considered in the land use planning. Possible mitigation measures, such
as the provision of flexible debris resisting barriers at the toe of
catchments and in-situ stabilisation of potential landslide source areas
using soil nails which can be determined following the prescriptive
approach outlined in GEO Technical Note (TGN) No. 37, were
identified for the relatively small-scale catchments.
The boulder fields in the proximity of the potential reclamation area
falls within areas that generally have very dense boulder coverage
(>75%), with “boulder” types recorded are predominantly tors and rock
outcrops. This information indicates that the bedrock may possibly be
quite shallow within the hillside areas abutting the site. In view of the
presence of numerous boulders and rock outcrops within the hillside
area overlooking the future development within the reclamation area,
assessment of the potential boulder fall / rockfall hazard will be required
in the next stage studies when the land uses and detailed facility layouts
are available. To mitigate the boulder / rockfall hazards which might
affect future developments within the potential reclamation area
adjacent to them, stabilisation works against such hazards will need to
be investigated in the detailed studies.

Man-made Slopes and Retaining Walls

There are a number of registered man-made slopes/retaining walls
(referred to as “features”) close to the reclamation, and these features
are mainly located along Lung Kwu Tan Road at LKT. There is no
previous study report on these features identified. As such, a
preliminary assessment of these features was carried out according to
TGN No. 15 in this Study. In view of their locations, it is anticipated
that these features would have low potential to affect or be affected by
the proposed reclamation works, and features near the junction of Lung
Fai Street and Lung Kwu Tan Road overlooking the reclamation area
were found to be directly affected by the proposed road connecting
Lung Mun Road to the reclamation. Nevertheless, detailed review and
assessment should be conducted for all existing man-made features
which could affect or be affected by the proposed reclamation works
and their associated road works in the next detailed studies.

Preliminary Reclamation Study

The potential reclamation area is shown in Figure 4.1. The formation
of reclamation was preliminarily suggested at the level of +6.0mPD
considering a number of factors, including connectivity to the adjoining
land and infrastructure, risk of wave overtopping and proper function
of new drainage system which operates by gravity only. Other factors
to be considered include the vulnerability of the land uses to coastal

246382/REP/024/02 Page 22
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

flooding and backwater drainage flow and availability of fill materials,

which will need to be investigated in the detailed studies.
Common types of reclamation fills used in Hong Kong include sand fill
collected from a marine source and public fill. The total volume of fill
material for forming the reclamation platform above the existing seabed
was estimated to be in the order of 20 Million m3, and additional fill
would be needed for accommodating the settlement occurred during
construction and for imposing surcharge to preload and treat the in-situ
materials below seabed and the reclamation fill. Public fill is generally
preferred for better utilisation of available resources; close coordination
with the Public Fill Committee of CEDD will be required in the next
detailed studies stage to ascertain the availability of fill materials so as
to review and revise the reclamation design.
The reclamation works should be phased to match with the
development programme of various land uses within the reclamation
area and to facilitate the early handover of site for infrastructure
construction. The detailed reclamation programme and phasing will be
firmed up in the detailed studies when the future land uses on the
reclamation area and the infrastructure needs are determined.
The seabed of the potential reclamation area is underlain by soft marine
clay up to 12.5m thick, which would be compressed by reclamation fill
deposited on the existing seabed, resulting in settlement of the
reclaimed area. For large area reclamations, a post-construction residual
ground settlement of 500mm is generally acceptable in accordance with
the current code – Port Works Design Manual Part 3. In order to limit
the residual settlement within the reclamation area to below this
maximum allowable value, a preliminary ground treatment scheme
involving temporary placement of 6m high surcharge and installation
of vertical drains at 1.2m centre-to-centre (c/c) spacing is
recommended. This will be reviewed in the detailed studies when
additional ground investigation information is collected and phasing of
reclamation is determined.

Proposed Seawall Scheme

The location, alignment, form, structure and foundation types of
seawall depend on their functional requirements and programme
requirements for land formation.
Non-dredged seawall schemes are preferred due to its less potential
impact to water quality. However, the thick in-situ sediments are not
strong and stiff enough to support the seawall above and the reclaimed
land behind the seawall. From preliminary stability analyses, deep
cement mixing (DCM) is found technically feasible in this site to
enhance the strength and stiffness of the in-situ soft materials to support
the seawall. Preliminary stability assessments show that a minimum
width of 65 to 70m DCM-treated zone at 50% replacement ratio is
needed below a 1v:2h gradient rubble mound sloping seawall to support
the reclamation and the temporary placement of 6m high surcharge. The

246382/REP/024/02 Page 23
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

actual ground treatment types and seawall scheme are subject to review
taking into account of the possible cost, programme constraints,
availability of plant, land uses requirements, etc. This will be reviewed
in the detailed studies and the detailed design stage.

Figure 4.4 Typical Sections of Proposed Seawall Scheme

along Reclamation Edge – vertical seawall (top) and
sloping seawall (bottom)

In addition to meeting the functional requirements, seawalls should be

designed to be more environmentally and/or ecologically friendly to
provide opportunities for enhancing marine ecology. Soft or semi-soft
shorelines that can allow vegetation growth are generally preferred, but
they are less resilient to the rough wave conditions facing the open sea
and these may only be applicable to the shorelines under protected
environment. For the seawalls facing the Urmston Road, it would be
technically difficult to adopt soft or semi-soft solution. In this case, hard
solutions that can provide some sheltered pockets or features for fouling
should be considered; these include rubble mound structure or be-spoke
concrete featured blockwork walls.

4.3 Marine Traffic

Risk Assessment
A preliminary marine traffic impact assessment (MTIA) was
undertaken according to the Formal Safety Assessment process by the
International Maritime Organisation as a structured approach to the
assessment of marine risks and the effectiveness of control
mechanisms. The risk assessment was completed to review if the
cumulative risk resulted from the proposed development during the
construction and operation phases are acceptable based on the
acceptable criteria listed in the International Maritime Organisation
Formal Safety Assessment and determine whether mitigation measures
are required.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 24
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

The marine traffic pattern is a combination of vessel types, dimensions,

routings and traffic frequency, and is represented by four time-step
series: existing, future baseline, future during construction phase of the
project and future during operation phase of the project.
Marine traffic data, including Automatic Identification System (AIS)
data and radar data, for the waters near the potential reclamation at LKT
in July 2015 was collected from the Vessel Traffic Centre of the Marine
Department (MD) for analysis. The bulk of the traffic, including bulk
carriers, cargo ships, container ships, tug boats, pilot ships, tankers and
other vessels, along Urmston Road outside the potential reclamation
area is either northbound or southbound. The analysis of the data
showed that the average daily vessel movement was about 250 to 280
vessel movements per day in each direction.
Local marine activities within the bays of LKT and LKST were
recorded during the project-specific ground investigation works carried
out in April and May 2016. These activities included standby of pilot
boats and tugs, operation of sand barges, fishing, wind surfing and kite
surfing. A total of 26 events was recorded in the day time of these two
months. Most of the fishing activities involved small vessels like
mechanised vessels (P4) or sampan.
Types and movement patterns of marine traffic during the operation
phase depends on the waterfront usage and the provision of vessel-
berthing facilities and would vary with the future land use on the
reclamation. For instance, C&DMHF would have waterfront berthing
facilities for bulk carriers and lighters for material loading/unloading.
The feasibility of setting up the facilities at LKT reclamation in terms
of navigation spatial requirements and navigation risk was preliminarily
assessed in this Study.
The marine risks during both construction and operation phases were
preliminarily assessed based on the estimated future marine traffic
pattern (type, length overall, speed, movement frequency and tracks)
and the broadbrush estimate of additional vessel movements associated
with the construction and the daily operation of the assumed special
uses respectively. Arup marine traffic model, based on the ship domain
theory, was used to model the marine traffic pattern and estimate the
number of collision within the Study Area. The average individual risk
in the waters around the potential reclamation area was considered to
be either negligible or as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). In
the next detailed study stage when the future land uses on the
reclamation area and the associated marine traffic pattern are more
certain, a comprehensive MTIA will need to be carried out and risk
control options should be developed to minimise the impacts. Possible
interface issues with other projects in the vicinity and the cumulative
marine traffic impact will also be studied in the comprehensive MTIA.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 25
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Figure 4.5 Key Marine Traffic Movements

A full navigation simulation should be carried out in the comprehensive

MTIA in the next stage to simulate the vessel manoeuvring between
Urmston Road and the future waterfront of the reclamation and to assess
if any navigation measures or aids is required.

Preliminary Assessment on Setting up Marine Facilities at Future

Waterfront
A preliminary met-ocean study was undertaken as part of this Study to
determine the sea levels, wave conditions and water currents for the
purpose of assessments of reclamation works and possible waterfront
facilities. Historical measurements at the wind stations and tide stations
in the vicinity of the potential reclamation at LKT, including the
stations at Sha Chau, Tai Mo To and Hong Kong International Airport,
were used for assessing the metocean conditions at the site. The wind
roses at these three stations are shown in Figure 4.6 and Figure 4.7.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 26
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Figure 4.6 Wind Roses at Sha Chau and Tai Mo To Station

Figure 4.7 Wind Rose at Hong Kong International Airport

Station

A wave climate study was undertaken to assess the characteristics of

the wave conditions at the reclamation site for evaluating the feasibility
of vessels berthing at the reclamation edge. This wave hindcast exercise
was completed using the historical measured hourly wind data collected
at the Hong Kong International Airport. The wave conditions were
generally calm over a significant portion of the time of the year (about
87%), with the significant wave height at 0.3m or less.
When vessels berth at the waterfront of the reclamation or nearshore
jetties, the ease to unload or load goods and people alighting depends
on the significant wave height at the berths and the type of vessels. A
threshold wave height of 0.7m was considered for vessels handling
goods in the assessment, and it was found that the percentages of

246382/REP/024/02 Page 27
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

downtime, i.e. time that vessels cannot berth due to severe wave
conditions, were acceptable. This is consistent with the marine facilities
nearby, such as the jetties of CPPS, where vessels can berth against
without wave protection structures such as breakwater. However this
will need to be reviewed in the detailed studies when the land use at
waterfront and berthing requirement are determined.

Figure 4.8 Depth-averaged Current Speed (knots) in Flood

Tides during Wet Season

Figure 4.9 Depth-averaged Current Speed (knots) in Ebb Tides

during Wet Season

The depth-averaged current speed in front of the potential reclamation

area ranges from 1 to 1.9 knots, i.e. 0.5 to 1.0m/s. This water current
can be used for designing the mooring facilities and piled jetties.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 28
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

A visual survey will be undertaken as part of the more comprehensive

MTIA to be carried out in the next stage detailed studies to supplement
the AIS data and radar data to establish full-profile marine traffic
pattern at the Study Area. The marine traffic pattern detailing the vessel
type, movement rate and travel/manoeuvring patterns can facilitate
assessing the feasibility of vessel berthing at the waterfront or jetty
associated with the proposed development, and review the impact on
marine traffic during construction.
LKT bay is next to Urmston Road, and this bay is understood to be used
by vessels as a beaching site, i.e. a site of shallow water used by vessels
to lay ashore or to ground to avoid complete sinking into the sea.
Historical records between 2011 and 2015 kept by MD show that there
was one reported grounding/stranding accident near LKT involving a
River Trade Cargo vessel of 4.8m draft. It is recommended that the
reclamation extent be delineated to provide a water space of water depth
shallower than 5m for future beaching of river trade vessels.
MD’s radar station, Black Point Radar Station, is located at the peak of
Black Point overseeing the marine traffic at Urmston Road. The
buildings on the reclamation area should adopt stepped height profile
towards the sea and the structures along seafront should be carefully
designed to avoid blocking the radar coverage at Urmston Road to
ensure marine safety.

4.4 Traffic and Transport

The new development at LKT reclamation would likely generate or
attract traffic that use the key roads in Tuen Mun District. A
preliminary traffic and transport impact assessment (TTIA) was
undertaken to assess the future traffic condition, if LKT reclamation
development is pursued, within and around the Study Area.
The preliminary TTIA was conducted based on two levels of transport
models, namely Strategic Transport Model (STM) and Local Area
Traffic Model (LATM). On the upper level, Arup’s in-house STM
produced traffic forecasts on a strategic basis. It mainly estimated the
traffic demand in the district-to-district movements by different
transport modes with respect to the planning data and transport
infrastructures for the whole territory. On the lower level, matrices
cordoned from the STM were input into the LATM, which was used to
predict the network performance on a more local perspective. With the
incorporation of local area junction characteristics, the LATM provided
the capability to estimate the junction delay and traffic queuing for route
choice in assigning the traffic flow in local areas.
The STM was validated to match with the traffic data collected in TD’s
Annual Traffic Census data. On the other hand, the LATM was
validated by surveys at local road and at-grade junctions.
The development proposal in Tuen Mun Areas 38 and 49, Tuen Mun
Areas 40 and 46, and Tuen Mun Town Centre for industrial, logistic or

246382/REP/024/02 Page 29
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

residential development would generate additional road traffic on

existing roads such as Lung Mun Road, Lung Fu Road, Wong Chu
Road and Tuen Mun Road. As a result, this would have direct interface
with the LKT development on traffic and transport aspects. On the
other hand, the proposed Tuen Mun Western Bypass and Route 11
should be able to improve the overall traffic condition of Tuen Mun
district. They were considered in the STM for year 2036 which were
adopted as the design year for assessing the traffic impacts on the
strategic roads and major highways within the Area of Influence by the
LKT reclamation development.
To assess the possible traffic impact with the LKT reclamation
development, the traffic demand of each preliminary land use theme
was estimated, considering the split of different transport modes. The
vehicular traffic in peak hour estimated from the model is presented in
Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 Estimated Trip Generation of Preliminary Land

Use Themes
Development Traffic (pcu/hr)
PLUT AM Peak PM Peak
Generation Attraction 2-way Generation Attraction 2-way
A 2,150 1,570 3,720 1,430 1,540 2,970
B 840 1,270 2,110 1,050 770 1,810
C 890 1,090 1,980 950 820 1,770
D 2,120 1,830 3,950 1,680 1,660 3,340
E 1,210 1,570 2,780 1,330 1,130 2,460

In preliminary land use themes A and D, the direction of trip generation

would be the peak direction in AM peak while in preliminary land use
themes B, C and E, the direction of trip attraction would be the peak
direction in AM peak. It is consistent with the nature of land use, with
residential cum employment in former and employment major in others.
Preliminary land use themes B and C would generate similar order of
traffic and they are the least among the five preliminary land use
themes.

Assessment and Possible Mitigation Options

The assessment shows that, being the only external access linking up
the LKT area to Tuen Mun New Town, Lung Mun Road would likely
have congestion problem with LKT reclamation development, in
particular at the junction of Lung Mun Road and Lung Fat Street, the
junction of Lung Mun Road and Gate 2 of RTT, the junction of Lung
Mun Road and Mong Tat Street and the junction of Lung Mun Road
and Lung Fu Road and require enhancement to meet the future traffic
needs. Widening of Lung Mun Road and upgrading of Siu Lang Shui
Road to provide a bypass route bypassing the critical junctions along
Lung Mun Road are therefore proposed based on the preliminary
* The following are ballpark assumption for TTIA without detailed land use planning:
PLUT A: Population 146,000, Employment 43,000; PLUT B: Employment 85,000; PLUT C: Employment 30,000;
PLUT D: Population 94,000, Employment: 22,000; PLUT E: Employment 61,000 Addendum No. 1
246382/REP/024/02 Page 30
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

analyses in this Study. The proposed improvement scheme should be

reviewed and adjusted in the detailed studies, taking into account the
actual traffic demand of the proposed development and the detailed
investigation of the local traffic arrangement during construction stage.

Figure 4.10 Proposed Road Improvement along Lung Mun

Road and Siu Lang Shui Road

There would also be congestion problem at Wong Chu Road and the
slip road connecting Tuen Mun Road (northbound) to Wong Chu Road
(westbound). Due to the dense existing development on both sides of
Wong Chu Road, there is no room available for road improvement
works. Building a new slip road connecting Tuen Mun Road
(northbound) and Hoi Wing Road (westbound) to provide an alternative
route to Tuen Mun West is a possible measure to mitigate this
congestion problem.
However, based on the preliminary assessment done for different
preliminary land use themes, it was revealed that residential
development would generate much higher traffic flow than the
industrial uses, and aggravate the traffic condition in the already critical
traffic flow direction even if only part of the reclamation is reserved for
the purpose. With this new slip road, the traffic flow at Wong Chu Road
and its westbound slip road from Tuen Mun Road relative to their road
capacities, i.e. volume/capacity ratio, would be reduced to acceptable
levels in the preliminary land use themes B and C, in which residential
development was not considered. Meanwhile, despite the diversion of
traffic flow to Hoi Wing Road, it was assessed that the road itself, the
junction of Hoi Wing Road and Tuen Mun Rural Committee Road and
the junction of Hoi Wing Road and Castle Peak Road would still
operate satisfactorily with the increase in road traffic.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 31
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Furthermore, for some uses such as C&DMHF, opportunities should be

explored to maximise the use of marine traffic to further enhance the
road performance.

Figure 4.11 Location of Proposed Slip Road connecting Tuen

Mun Road (Northbound) to Hoi Wing Road
(Westbound)

The proposed road improvement works at Lung Mun Road, Siu Lang
Shui Road, Lung Fu Road and the proposed slip road connecting Tuen
Mun Road and Hoi Wing Road are under a number of natural terrain
catchments. Initial assessments, based on desktop study, review of
landslide records / inventory and boulder field inventory kept by GEO
indicated limited historical activity within these catchments. A
preliminary screening on the natural terrain catchments based on GEO
Report No. 138 found that some catchments meet the “Alert Criteria”
and a detailed NTHS is required for these catchments in the next stage
studies. In addition, there are numerous boulders and rock outcrops
within the hillside areas overlooking the proposed road improvement
works. An assessment of the potential boulder fall / rockfall hazard will
be required in the next stage. Subject to the result of detailed NTHS and
boulder fall / rockfall hazard assessment, if the hazard affecting the
widened sections are confirmed, mitigation measures against such
hazards will need to be investigated in the detailed studies.
A number of registered and non-registered man-made roadside features,
which consist of mainly man-made slopes, are along Lung Mun Road.
These registered and non-registered features were preliminarily
assessed according to TGN No. 15, and features at Siu Lang Shui
Road/Lung Mun Road were found to be directly affected by the
proposed connecting roads. Detailed stability assessment and design of
slope modification works will be required. In addition, detailed review
and assessment should be conducted for all existing man-made features
which could affect or be affected by the road improvement works in the
next stage studies. Stability assessment will be conducted to ensure that
these features can meet the current safety standard and upgrading
measures will be designed as appropriate. Similar detailed assessment

246382/REP/024/02 Page 32
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

and design works would be required for the features at Tuen Mun Road/
Hoi Wing Road which would be directly affected by the proposed slip
road.
As for the congestion anticipated at Tuen Mun Road – Siu Lam Section,
long-term strategic traffic solution will be necessary to alleviate the
congestion along this strategic road. One possible solution is to
encourage more road users to use the Route 11 which is anticipated to
have spare capacity, for instance, by a more attractive toll level, such
that some traffic would be diverted from Tuen Mun Road – Siu Lam
Section and other strategic road links to Route 11. A proper toll strategy
for Route 11 would be essential to promote more balanced utilisation
of road capacity and help to relieve the problem at Tuen Mun Road –
Siu Lam Section.
The new slip road off Tuen Mun Road to Hoi Wing Road would not be
enough to alleviate the congestion problem at Wong Chu Road if the
residential development is pursued at LKT reclamation as in
preliminary land use theme A and D. The development scale and/or
trip generations should be reduced to avoid traffic impact if they are to
be pursued further. Alternatively, a new strategic road between Tuen
Mun West and Tuen Mun Road bypassing the Wong Chu Road was
considered necessary. Also, if extensive residential development was
proposed, alternative access other than Lung Mun Road should be
proposed to cater for emergency situations during which the Lung Mun
Road was blocked / closed. Therefore, significant input on new
transport infrastructure is anticipated if LKT reclamation goes for
residential development.
In short, industrial and special uses that generate lower traffic flow in
critical direction during peak hours than residential development are
preferable at LKT reclamation. In particular, uses that can optimise the
marine access provided at reclamation site, which in turn further reduce
the traffic flow, should be given priority to effectively utilise the vast
new land while minimising the burden on the key roads.
In the next detailed study stage when the future land uses on the
reclamation area are formulated, a comprehensive TTIA will need to be
carried out to demonstrate that no unacceptable traffic impacts will be
resulted from the proposed reclamation development, taking into
account the latest programme and project information of the key
proposed road links and other development projects in the area.

4.5 Environmental Assessments

In this Study, various environmental and ecological aspects were
preliminarily investigated based on the assumed potential reclamation
extent and land uses. The review was undertaken to identify the key
issues and constraints in environmental and ecological aspects for
consideration in the future planning of the reclamation development. It
should not be regarded in any form or depth to form part of the statutory

246382/REP/024/02 Page 33
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

EIA for Designated Project or Preliminary Environmental Review

(PER) for Non-Designated Project.
Environmental concerns as related to reclamation works mainly include
potential impact on water quality, fisheries resources and marine
ecology, in particular CWD for works in the western waters of Hong
Kong. The potential impacts were preliminarily assessed in the Study
with possible mitigation options suggested. The possible impact on
areas of significant ecological value such as marine park and SSSI were
evaluated. As for the future development, the possible impact on air
quality, noise, landscape and visual and cultural heritage which may
impose constraints on future land uses were identified for future
consideration.
4.5.3 A baseline review was undertaken to examine all relevant desktop
information available at the time of assessment. Sensitive receivers,
sources of pollution/impacts and any potential key environmental
constraints that might have significant bearings on the land use
proposals were identified. Areas/ sites of high ecological, landscape and
cultural heritage value within and in the vicinity of the development and
infrastructure proposals were also highlighted.
The assessment methodology and modelling tools were designed with
a view to providing information on the possible nature and extent of
environmental impacts arising from the construction and operation of
the LKT reclamation and any concurrent projects, and identifying
constraints imposed on future land uses of the reclamation area.
Recommendations were also given to provide directions on mitigation
strategies and further assessments in the EIA stage, during which
detailed and comprehensive assessment would be conducted in
accordance with the statutory requirement.

Water Quality
The potential reclamation site is located within the North Western
Water Control Zone (WCZ) and adjacent to the boundary of the Deep
Bay WCZ. The potential reclamation site is about 2 km from Sha Chau
and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park and is close to the spawning ground
for commercial fisheries resources in the north of Lantau.
Preliminary water quality assessments for both operation and
construction phases were carried out.

Operation Phase
Preliminary hydrodynamic assessment and water quality assessment
were carried out to evaluate the impacts from the largest possible
reclamation area for LKT reclamation. The hydrodynamic assessment
showed that under such possible worst-case condition, LKT
reclamation would cause a change of flow of the nearest channel at
Urmston Road by 0.2% which was several times smaller than the
change caused by HKIA3RS (0.9%). Hence, it was anticipated that no
significant change in the hydrodynamic regime within the north-

246382/REP/024/02 Page 34
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

western waters would be induced from the reclamation in the

embayment areas of LKT and LKST, and the impacts would be
insignificant.
For water quality assessment, the pollution load inventory has referred
to the background pollution inventory for year 2030 in EIA Report of
DSD’s Harbour Area Treatment Scheme Stage 2A, with the effluent
discharge from major STWs, including Siu Ho Wan STW, Pillar Point
STW, Yuen Long STW, San Wai STW, Stonecutters Island STW and
Sham Tseng STW in the Deep Bay WCZ, North Western WCZ and
Western Buffer WCZ updated with the latest information on design
plant capacity and discharge license requirement for the pollution loads.
The estimated effluent discharge from the new on-site secondary
treatment STW proposed for LKT reclamation development and
additional surface runoff from the reclamation area were also included
in the pollution load inventory. Based on the modelling result on the
possible worst-case scenario for operation phase, i.e. highest sewage
generation amongst the preliminary land use themes, there would be no
significant change in terms of the Dissolved Oxygen (DO), 5-days
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Suspended Sediment (or
Solids) (SS), Total Inorganic Nitrogen (TIN), Unionised Ammonia
(UIA), sedimentation rate and E. Coli. With proper implementation of
mitigation measures, adverse water quality impact during operation
phase is not anticipated.

Construction Phase
The major possible impact during the construction phase would be the
release of SS due to the marine construction works. Water quality
modelling for the construction phase was performed for the possible
worst case scenario which assumed, on top of filling activities for
reclamation, construction works such as 1) dredging works for berths at
the reclamation edge and 2) dredging works for the re-provisioning of
the existing submarine sewage outfall (hypothetical assumption only)
were implemented simultaneously. The quantitative assessment
showed that, with the implementation of environmentally friendly
construction method and mitigation measures such as non-dredged
seawall, leading seawall and silt curtain, SS release due to the marine
work for reclamation alone would not result in significant change in
water quality at the concerned Water Control Zones.
However, together with the concurrent projects, the SS releases could
result in exceedance in the Water Sensitive Receivers (WSRs) at The
Brothers Marine Park. A review showed that these exceedances were
mainly attributed to the substantial disposal rate of contaminated mud
pits assumed in the model which however was unlikely to occur by
comparing with the historical peak dumping rate. Also, the contribution
of the construction of LKT reclamation to these exceedances was less
than 0.6%. Hence, the exceedance was considered to be very unlikely
to occur and was not induced by LKT reclamation.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 35
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Pore water assessment and elutriate assessment were also carried out to
examine the amount of contaminant that could be released, if any, when
the marine sediment is disturbed during the filling and dredging
activities. Exceedances were observed in TIN and in UIA in the samples
for Pore Water Test and in As, TIN and UIA in the samples for Elutriate
Test. To evaluate the possible impact on the WSRs, quantitative
assessment was carried out based on the above test results. The
assessment showed that only exceedances in TIN would exist at WSRs.
However, significant impact is not expected as the N:P ratio would still
be much higher than the 16:1 Redfield Ratio, meaning that the algal
growth was limited by phosphorus and chance for algal growth and thus
red tide is low.
Based on the above, adverse water quality impact is not anticipated at
the nearby water bodies including the Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau
Marine Park and the spawning ground for commercial fisheries
resources during the operation and construction phases. The impact on
fisheries resources and marine ecology due to the water quality change
is expected to be insignificant.

Fisheries Resources
In order to supplement the existing information on fisheries resources
in the embayment areas of LKT and LKST, a preliminary fisheries
survey was carried out.

Table 4.3 Summary of Fisheries Survey

Survey Survey method Survey Survey Schedule
frequency

Adult Fish Gill netting and 2 times in dry February and March
Survey cage trapping season and 2 2016 (dry season);
times in wet May and June 2016
season (wet season)
Juvenile Seine netting 3 times in wet April, May and June
Fish seasons 2016
Survey
Fishing Observed on- Perform February to June 2016
Operation board for 10 concurrently
survey minutes at each with the above
sampling survey and
location marine ground
investigation
Gill netting and cage trapping are common fishing methods adopted by
local fishermen on small vessels. These methods together with juvenile
fish survey by small seine net were adopted for this preliminary field
survey. Fishing operation survey was carried out concurrently with
other fish surveys and during the marine ground investigation
conducted between 8 April and 31 May 2016, aiming to record the
commercial fishing activities inside and in the vicinity of potential

246382/REP/024/02 Page 36
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

reclamation site. A summary of the fisheries survey is presented in

Table 4.3.

Adult Fish Survey

Low production of adult fish fisheries resources was recorded within
the embayment areas of LKT and LKST. Only a total 19,364 g of 346
individuals comprising of 34 species from 26 families (including fish
and other invertebrate species) were recorded. High commercial value
fish species had only a small contribution (< 15% of biomass) to the
total catch. The majority of recorded fish species are of low to moderate
catch value.

Figure 4.12 Major Species Recorded in the Adult Fish Survey

Juvenile Fish Survey

4.5.16 A total 898 g of 573 individuals comprising 16 fish species from 14
families were recorded during the juvenile fish survey, of which the
majority of recorded juvenile fish species were of low to moderate catch
value. The dominant species in terms of biomass were Flathead mullet
(Mugil cephalus), Yellowfin puffer (Takifugu xanthopterus) and
Shortnose ponyfish (Leiognathus brevirostris). The highest abundance
was contributed by Shortnose ponyfish (Leiognathus brevirostris). The
average catch per unit effort of each sampling location ranged between
3
0.0002 – 0.005 no./m . Hence, the potential reclamation area is not
likely be an important spawning and nursery grounds.

Fishing Operation Survey

4.5.17 A total of 22 fishing activities were recorded, including twelve fishing
activities with non-mechanised vessels (sampan), five activities with
mechanised vessels (P4), one shrimp trawler at the North of Sha Chau
(but trawling operation was not observed during the survey), two
fishing activities with fishing kayak, and two rock fishing activities.
Most of the fishing activities were gillnetting and handlining. No large
fishing vessels were recorded within the potential reclamation area.
4.5.18 The fishing operation survey showed that the commercial fishing
activities at the potential reclamation area were small scale only, which
may be due to the shallow water depth (less than 5m) limiting the large
vessels to operate there.
4.5.19 The preliminary impact assessment on fisheries resources were
discussed in the following paragraphs.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 37
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Loss of Fishing Ground (Direct impact in both Construction and

Operation Phases)
There will be a loss of fishing ground of about 220 – 250 hectares as a
result of the potential reclamation. But the fisheries production of the
embayment is low, and the loss of fishing ground would have minor to
moderate impact to fisheries. Provision of eco-shorelines, deployment
of artificial reefs or fish stocking are possible mitigation / enhancement
measures for the impact due to the fishing ground loss.

Change in Marine Water Quality (Indirect impact in both Construction

and Operation Phases)
Fishery resources might be adversely but indirectly affected by the
deterioration of water quality in the nearby water bodies in particular
the spawning ground for commercial fisheries resources during the
construction and operation phases. The preliminary water quality
modelling conducted for both construction and operation phases
indicated that with the suggested mitigation measures implemented, no
significant change of water quality is expected and thus no significant
impact on fisheries resources is expected.
Disturbance to Fishing Operation (Indirect impact in both
Construction and Operation Phases)
4.5.22 The disturbance to the fishing operation due to construction marine
vessel traffic is considered as an indirect impact but the impact would
be minor. For the operation phase, the marine vessel traffic generated
by some industrial or special land uses might affect the fishing
operation but the effect would be minor.

Marine Ecology
LKT reclamation will cause direct loss of coastal water habitat,
intertidal habitat and stream outlet. Based on the information obtained
from literature review and site surveys done in the Land Supply Study,
no species of conservation importance were found at the said habitat.
Nonetheless, to mitigate the impact of habitat loss for other marine
organisms such as fishes, mitigation or enhancement measures such as
eco-shoreline could be added to support marine lives.
Eco-shoreline can be implemented at the sheltered area of the
reclamation edge to enhance the ecological condition around the
reclamation site. It provides a sheltered habitat and a higher diversity of
plant species for juvenile terrestrial and marine organisms. It can also
serve as access to the sea side and provide food sources for wildlife.
This will help establish food chain to enhance the ecological
equilibrium locally.
The drainage system, in the form of either open channel or multi-cell
box culvert, will be constructed on the reclamation area (see Section
4.6) to receive surface runoff from the development and the foothills
and mountains in the east of the potential reclamation, via the existing

246382/REP/024/02 Page 38
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

stream outlets. From ecological perspective, open channels are

preferred. As most of the length of open channels is located inland and
thus generally protected from the rough sea condition, and the channels
inside are under the hydrological influence of both freshwater and
seawater, there is an opportunity to establish mangrove communities
inside open channels and apply the eco-shoreline concept to build the
edge walls. These green channels, with suitable vegetation or eco-
friendly features at the base and along the walls, can optimise the
opportunity for ecological enhancement. Designed at suitable
locations, green channels as illustrated in Figure 4.13 can preserve the
existing natural shoreline as well.

Figure 4.13 Green Channel

Chinese White Dolphin

In this Study, a 12-month nearshore dolphin survey involving theodolite
tracking and underwater passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) was
carried out.
During the survey period between February 2016 and February 2017, a
total of 430.85 daytime hours were spent on 72 days surveying at LKT.
A total of 116 CWD groups were tracked and most of them were at
Urmston Road and Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park. The
average group size of CWDs observed was 3.35 (sd=1.81), ranging
from singletons to a maximum group size of 8. For PAM, dolphins were
detected at ecological acoustic recorders on 60-71% of days with
recording effort over the survey period. There were about 0.75-1.3% of
files with dolphin detections overall, with each file containing 1-minute
data recorded every 5 minutes.
The potential impacts on CWD were evaluated based on a number of
aspects with the major ones discussed in the following paragraphs.

Habitat Loss (Direct Impact in both Construction and Operation

Phases)
4.5.29 There would be permanent loss of about 220 – 250 hectares of marine
habitat due to reclamation at LKT. According to the site specific CWD
monitoring carried out between August 2013 and February 2014 under
the Land Supply Study, CWD generally utilised coastal area at about
700m from the existing shore and beyond as important foraging and
milling habitat. Most of the sightings recorded by the theodolite
tracking survey were located at Urmston Road and Sha Chau and Lung

246382/REP/024/02 Page 39
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Kwu Chau Marine Park. Similar CWD distribution was recorded from
the theodolite tracking surveys carried out in this Study. The activites
of dolphins sighted were recorded during the survey, and dolphins were
found to be travelling at most of the time.

Figure 4.14 CWD Tracklines acquired from Theodolite

Tracking Survey

4.5.30 Although the potential reclamation extent has already avoided

encroaching upon the critically important CWD habitat, the impacts
caused by reclamation are still likely to be significant due to its close
proximity to the area of high dolphin usage (such as the Urmston Road)
primarily during the construction phase. Stringent protection and
mitigation measures would need to be developed to avoid and minimise
the possible impact on CWD.

Reduction of Species Diversity/Abundance and Loss of Feeding

Grounds (Direct Impact in both Construction and Operation Phases)
4.5.31 According to the findings of the preliminary fisheries survey
undertaken in this Study, some CWD prey were recorded and these prey
were fish of the families Engraulidae, Sciaenidae and Clupeidae. The
abundance of CWD prey recorded in the adult fish survey constituted
only around 8.66% (in terms of weight) and around 9.54% (in terms of
quantity) of the relatively low fisheries resources in the LKT nearshore.
Therefore, initial assessment suggested that the potential impact due to
the reduction of species abundance/ diversity of marine life and loss of
CWD’s feeding grounds would not be expected to be a serious impact
from the proposed reclamation.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 40
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Change in species distribution, abundance and Impacts from

Underwater Noise/Construction Vessels (Direct Impact in both
Construction and Operation Phases)
4.5.32 During reclamation and construction, the increase in construction
vessels may cause underwater noise impact on CWD and cause
disturbance in behavior and distribution. There are studies reporting
that the faster the speed of vessels, the greater the noise disturbance that
would be created. Since the majority of the construction vessels are
slow-moving barges and tugs, the noise disturbance from the movement
of these slow-moving vessels on CWD would not be expected to be
severe. However, the physical presence of these vessels moving through
important travelling corridor in Urmston Road and dolphin feeding
habitats near the Lung Kwu Chau area might cause disturbace to
CWDs. Designated route for navigation of these construction vessels
as well as land access for the transportation of construction materials
shall be considered, so as to minimise the disturbance to CWDs.
4.5.33 Under the operation phase of LKT reclamation, marine traffic may be
generated should the area be developed for industrial and/ or special
uses such as C&DMHF for the import and export operations of these
facilities. As these vessels such as barges travel at low speed (10 knots
or lower), the potential impact of collision with dolphin would not be
anticipated. Marine traffic may result in acoustic disturbance to CWDs,
but as the large and slow moving vessels produce noise at lower
frequencies, which is below the frequencies typically used by CWDs
for echolocation, the noise disturbance on CWDs will not be significant.

Impacts on the Existing Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park
(Indirect Impact in Construction Phase)
4.5.34 Sha Chau and Lung Kwu Cha Marine Park (SCLKCMP) is located at
about 2km from the potential reclamation at LKT. Lung Kwu Chau is
known to be the major feeding area and the highest density area for
dolphins in all of northwest Lantau, and not all of this habitat is
protected by the marine park. Given LKT reclamation is at a reasonable
distance from SCLKCMP, the direct impact on the marine park is not
expected to be significant. However, indirect impacts such as water
quality impact due to the increase in SS level during dredging activities
(to provide enough water depth for on-shore berth required by industrial
uses and C&DMHF) may disturb and reduce prey availability for
dolphins using the waters of SCLKCMP. If CWDs avoided the general
area, including the waters of SCLKCMP, then this indirect impact from
LKT reclamation could be significant.

Preliminary Assessment on Overall Impact on CWD and Mitigation

Measures
4.5.35 The major impacts on CWDs from the potential reclamation could be
the likely disturbance to CWD’s use of the historical habitat in close
proximity to the proposed reclamation. It would also be expected that
there could be some indirect negative impacts on the function of

246382/REP/024/02 Page 41
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

SCLKCMP and Urmston Road areas (which are used heavily by

dolphins), due to the close proximity of the marine park and the
reclamation area, primarily during the construction phase. Stringent
protection and mitigation measures would need to be developed to
avoid and/or minimise the possible impacts on CWD from LKT
reclamation.
4.5.36 If the reclamation proposal moves ahead, there are several mitigation
measures that should be considered to avoid and/or minimise the
potential impacts. Amongst these are:
(a) Non-dredged methods for site preparation, e.g. deep cement
mixing for seawall construction, to reduce impact on water quality;
(b) Land-based delivery and disposal of fill materials to the site to
reduce the risk of water contamination and traffic volume of
construction vessels;
(c) Acoustic decoupling of any noisy equipment on barges to reduce
noise disturbance to CWDs;
(d) Restriction of speed and number of trips of vessel transits in the
area, so as to reduce disturbance from construction vessels and
reduce risk of ship strikes;
(e) Avoidance of underwater construction during the peak calving
seasons of CWDs, which is between March and June;
(f) Use of Dolphin Exclusion Zones for noisy activities during
construction;
(g) Avoid potentially harmful construction methods, such as
percussive piling and underwater explosions, that could injure the
dolphins’ hearing and drive them away from the area;
(h) A commitment of no fast ferry service to the site upon completion;
and
(i) Although not truly a mitigation measure, compensation for habitat
loss would likely need to be explored.

Lung Kwu Tan Valley Site of Special Scientific Interest

Lung Kwu Tan Valley SSSI is located approximately 400m from the
southern portion of the potential reclamation area. The SSSI is about
6.72 hectares in size and covers a valley with natural woodland, hill
slopes and streams flowing into the LKT area. The site is widely
recognised as one of the most important butterfly habitats in Hong Kong
with a high diversity of butterfly species recorded.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 42
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Figure 4.15 Location of Lung Kwu Tan Valley SSSI and Fung
Shui Woods

The development confined to the reclamation area should not have any
significant effect to the SSSI as it is far away from the SSSI. However,
outside the reclamation area, it may be of ecological interest to preserve
the existing villages, as any transformation there will inevitably affect
the SSSI and the Fung Shui Woods due to their close vicinity.
Disturbance (e.g. dust and noise) generated during construction phase
might affect the SSSI and the Fung Shui Woods and the utilisation of
these areas by wildlife.
It is of scientific interest that butterflies growth could be affected by the
presence of artificial lights. It is recommended that the development in
the southern portion of the reclamation site should not have strong flood
light. Territorial facilities which may be lit up in the evenings should
avoid sitting at the southern portion of the reclamation close to the SSSI.
Rather, they can sit at the northern portion of the reclamation, where
the facilities would be over 1 km away from the SSSI, and the potential
impact to the wildlife is expected to be low.

Air Quality
With the heavy industrial setting around LKT, the relatively high
emissions from the fixed plant sources, in particular from CPPS and
BPPS, may be of concern.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 43
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Previous assessment has identified a small area of air quality

exceedance zone in the southern portion of the potential reclamation
area. The exceedance is mainly due to the emissions from the chimneys
of the neighbouring CPPS. Non-air sensitive uses such as industrial
development could be considered at the air quality exceedance zone,
provided that air-conditioning system with elevated fresh-air-intake be
provided to maintain an air quality condition acceptable for indoor air
sensitive uses.
On the other hand, air sensitive uses are not recommended to be placed
at this air quality exceedance zone. Such restriction does not exist in the
northern portion of the potential reclamation area due to the shielding
effect from Black Point headland.
There are village houses located next to Lung Kwu Tan Road. To avoid
the air quality impact on these houses, the traffic to the new
development on the reclamation area should be directed to the
reclamation site as far as possible without recourse to LKT Road.

Figure 4.16 Air Quality Exceedance Zone

There may be concern over odour nuisance from some land uses such
as the new on-site STW. It is anticipated that with the implementation
of appropriate mitigation measures commonly adopted in Hong Kong
(e.g. enclosing the odourous facilities, maintaining negative pressure to
prevent foul air from escaping the building, provision of deodouriser at
the ventilation exhaust, orienting exhaust of deodouriser away from
sensitive receivers and vertically upwards, and conducting regular
maintenance of deodouriser to ensure good condition), the potential
odour impact on nearby air sensitive uses could be properly controlled.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 44
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Noise
Various sources of noise during the operation phase were considered in
the noise impact assessment; this included road traffic noise, fixed plant
noise, aircraft noise, helicopter noise and marine traffic noise.

Road Traffic Noise

Potential road traffic noise hinges on the numbers of vehicles using the
road, where different vehicles have different noise emission rate. Road
traffic noise assessment was conducted for the possible worst case
scenario, i.e. preliminary land uses themes A and D, with the highest
estimated number of vehicles.
The calculations of potential road traffic noise in operation phase were
done based on the peak hourly traffic flow projected within a 15-years’
period upon full operation of the road works or full occupation of the
Noise Sensitive Receivers (NSRs), whichever the latest.
The most important existing NSRs within the Study Area are the
existing village houses located next to Lung Kwu Tan Road. As for the
air quality, the traffic to the new development on the reclamation area
should be directed to the reclamation site without recourse to Lung Kwu
Tan Road to minimise road traffic noise. With all the traffic from /to
the new development on LKT reclamation be directed to the southern
end of the reclamation far away from the LKT village, the contribution
by the additional traffic to the predicted noise level at the village houses
next to Lung Kwu Tan Road is small and is less than 1 dB(A). Noise
mitigation measures along Lung Kwu Tan Road, during the operation
phase, are not required.

Fixed Plant Source

Existing and planned fixed plant noise sources were considered in the
assessment. The existing sources close to the reclamation site include
CPPS, BPPS, open storage and industrial operations at LKST.
For fixed noise associated with the operation of CPPS, the predicted
fixed noise level would comply with the night-time noise criterion of
45 dB(A) with reference to the approved EIA for Emissions Control
Project at CPPS "B" Units (AEIAR-102/2006). For BPPS, reference
was made to the approved EIA Proposed 6000 MW Thermal Power
Station at Black Point: Initial Assessment (Volume 1, 2 & 3) and Key
Issue Assessment (EIA-015/BC). They should not constitute significant
constraints on the future land uses on the reclamation area.
The existing fixed noise from open storage and industrial operations are
located at distant from the proposed development on the LKT
reclamation, and thus this buffer distance would have already mitigated
any noise impact from these operations. Therefore, they should not
affect the future land uses on the reclamation area.
To assess the potential noise impacts on the existing NSRs due to
possible special uses on the reclamation at LKT such as C&DMHF

246382/REP/024/02 Page 45
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

which would operate in open air, quantitative assessment was

conducted assuming that the facility was placed in the southern portion
of the reclamation site in front of the existing villages. It was revealed
that various mitigation measures such as using quiet plant in the
C&DMHF, and allowing a buffer zone or building a terraced landscape
feature between C&DMHF and the existing villages should be
considered to mitigate the impact.

Aircraft Noise.
The site is in the proximity of the Hong Kong International Airport, in
particular the third runway under construction. According to HKIA3RS
EIA (EIA – 223/2015), the potential reclamation will be located outside
the Noise Exposure Forecast (NEF) 25 contours. Although the potential
reclamation is outside the NEF25 contours and adverse aircraft noise
impact on the development at the potential reclamation is not
anticipated, given its close proximity to the departure and arrival flight
paths of the planned third runway of the HKIA, which is a very busy
airport operating on a 24-hour basis, considerations should be given in
the future detailed planning on the type of land uses and design of
buildings to alleviate the aircraft noise impact. For areas with concerns,
non-noise sensitive use would be considered. Industrial-based
developments are recommended on this reclamation, and these would
be less noise-sensitive in general.

Helicopter Noise
CPPS, BPPS and Black Point Radar Station are equipped with helipads
to meet operation needs. Helicopters will generate noise when flying
through, approaching, taking-off from or hovering and idling above the
helipads. Due to the close proximity to the reclamation site, the
potential noise impact from the helicopters on future development was
considered. Helicopter types and flight routes were obtained from the
operators providing service at the helipads, including the Government
Flying Service (GFS) and Heliservices (HK) Ltd. The helicopter noise
impacts under various modes of operation were assessed; these modes
can mainly be classified into two categories – one with lateral
movement (i.e. approach and departure) and the other one without (i.e.
hovering and idling). Based on the types of helicopter (including Super
puma AS332 L2, EC155 B1, EC175 and MD 902 Explorer), the
helicopter noise data for both with and without lateral movement were
obtained from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
and the approved Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Helipad
at Yung Shue Wan, Lamma Island (EIA-114/2005). Together with the
flight routes, the noise standards of helicopters were used to establish
the corresponding buffer zone for each helicopter at each helipad using
the general acoustic principles.
For helicopter with lateral movement (i.e. approaching to and departing
from the helipads), a buffer distance from the flight path is required to
meet the “Lmax less than 85dB(A)” noise criteria for daytime (0700 –

246382/REP/024/02 Page 46
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

1900). For helicopter approach and departing at the helipad at the Black
Point Radar Station, a horizontal distance of 880m is required to
achieve the required buffer of 180m from the flight path for daytime.
Whilst for the helipad at CPPS, a horizontal distance of 1150m is
required to achieve the required buffer of 120m from the flight path for
daytime. The buffer zone on the potential reclamation area was
determined based on these required horizontal buffer distances.
Development(s) of noise sensitive use would be subject to height
restriction or should be avoided altogether within the buffer zones due
to the possible exceedance of noise level.
For helicopters without lateral movement, assessments show that a
buffer distance of 400m from the helipads are required to achieve the
noise level of less than Lmax 85dB(A) criteria for daytime (0700 – 1900).
Development(s) of noise sensitive use should be avoided within this
400m radius buffer zone.

Figure 4.17 Helipads and Noise Buffer Zone

Marine Traffic Noise

It is expected that the marine traffic noise from vessels at Urmston Road
would not have significant noise impacts to the future development due
to the large separation distance.
For future uses that would induce marine traffic and require vessel
berthing at the edge of the reclamation, the marine traffic route should
be designated at more than 300m away from noise sensitive uses and
the future noise sensitive uses should be located away from seafront as
far as practicable.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 47
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Landscape and Visual

The preliminary assessments on landscape and visual impact were
carried out taking into consideration of the baseline condition of the
landscape resources in LKT area. The actual impacts to individual
receiver will depend very much on the final land use plan for the
reclamation proposal. The preliminary assessments conducted in this
Study however provided useful guidelines and highlighted key areas for
attention in the detailed studies.
Landscape Impact
It was considered that a number of initiatives would be incorporated at
the outset of land use planning to avoid and minimise landscape impact,
such as the preservation of natural watercourse, Fung Shui Woods and
secondary woodland, and avoiding any disturbance on SCLKCMP and
SSSIs. However, given its nature and scale, the reclamation proposal
would inevitably involve permanent loss of water bodies and natural
seafront environment in LKT area. The physical loss of those natural
resources will lead to changes on the existing landscape character,
changing from a rural coastal plain landscape setting to an urban
landscape area.
Whilst the residual landscape impact on open seawater, inshore marine
water, beaches and inshore water landscape cannot be fully mitigated,
there are plenty of room to provide open space and green channels on
the reclamation area, which may be considered beneficial to the local
community.
Visual Impact
The existing visual character is dominated by the industrial facilities /
operations. Thus, the visual quality of LKT area is considered of low
value. Nonetheless, the new buildings on the reclamation area,
depending on height and massing, may result in loss of sea view to some
of the visual receivers, particularly at LKST and Sha Po Kong.
4.5.63 In addition to the compatibility with the existing developments in the
area which are mostly low-rise structures, the building height of the
future development should respect the ridgeline of the surrounding
hillslopes (about +50mPD) from major vantage points. Stepped
building height profile descending from the hillslopes to the waterfront
should be considered in response to the topographical setting. This
would allow the future development to be better integrated with the
natural surrounding and the existing built-up environment, and would
also help optimise the wind capturing capacity of the future
development.
Preliminary assessment considered that the visual impact to the
sensitive receivers to be moderate after mitigation. Features that can be
considered in the future land use planning to mitigate the impact include:
(a) A wide visual corridor should be provided in front of the existing
LKT village. This can be in the form of a wide green space or road

246382/REP/024/02 Page 48
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

aligned from the existing shoreline to the new reclamation edge.

Both sides of the corridor should be lined with trees.
(b) High-rise buildings immediately in front of the existing LKT village
should be avoided. Land uses with buildings of low to moderate
height would be preferred.
(c) The development on the reclamation area should be set at a distance
away from the existing LKT village to provide an environmental
buffer zone. This can be in the form of either a drainage channel or
green open space.

Cultural Heritage
The impacts on cultural heritage were preliminarily assessed in this
Study. While the reclamation works would be carried out on the sea,
there may be concerns over the works on land associated with
development, or the indirect impact such as visual intrusion. Some key
areas were highlighted for attention in the next stage of detailed studies.
It is noted that the consultation of local community is an important step
in assessing the impact on cultural heritage. Relevant stakeholders
should be consulted earlier when carrying out the detailed studies to
gauge their views and address their concerns at appropriate juncture.

Terrestrial Archaeology
The reclamation works would be carried out on the sea and thus is not
expected to directly affect the identified heritage resources including
the LKST Site of Archaeological Interest and LKT Site of
Archaeological Interest.
However, both Sites of Archaeological Interest (SAI) may be affected
by the associated work to occur on land to meet the infrastructure needs
(road improvements, drainage works, utilities, etc.). The archaeological
deposits may be directly and adversely affected by the excavation
works. During the design stage, impacts to the SAI should be avoided
or kept to a minimum. An Archaeological Impact Assessment, with
field investigation if required, would be required to identify the extent
of archaeological deposits affected.
More specifically at this stage, transformation of existing land uses
within the SAI (i.e. open storage or industrial workshop at LKST and
villages at LKT) will adversely and directly affect the archaeological
deposits during the construction phase unless alternative proposals are
formulated in a way which could avoid subsurface works.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 49
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Figure 4.18 Locations of Cultural Heritage Resources

Preservation in situ is the preferred option for all SAIs. However, if

such preservation is not practicable and the development needs
outweigh the destruction of the SAI, Archaeological Impact
Assessment and mitigation (if necessary) prior to the construction will
be required. These may include archaeological field survey(s), rescue
excavation(s) prior to constructions phase and/or watching brief
programme(s) during the construction phase.
Built Heritage
The reclamation works and the subsequent development would not
affect any built heritage directly. However, the only graded historic
building known in the Study Area - Lau Ancestral Hall in Tuk Mei
Chung - may be affected by the large scale development within the
existing villages. It is recommended to retain the graded historic
building on-site with sufficient buffer from the works. If the land use
change within existing villages goes ahead, Built Heritage Impact
Assessment will be required to identify the range of impacts and
potential mitigation options. Generally speaking, condition survey,
vibration monitoring, provision of screening or buffer zones should be
considered as possible protection measures in the construction phase.
Similarly for the Lau Ancestral Hall at LKST which is currently located
within the existing light industrial area, it may be affected if the area is
redeveloped. The same mitigation options should be considered to
safeguard the hall.
During operation phase, possible impacts on built heritage include,
depending on the type and scale of development, visual intrusions,
access issues and vibration. They should be addressed with due
consideration in the design stage. For Tin Hau Temple, mitigation

246382/REP/024/02 Page 50
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

measure may be required for the potential impact, such as degradation

of its setting. As the connection to the sea is relevant for the temple
dedicated to the goddess of the sea, open space and view corridor
towards the sea should be allowed in front of the temple for inducing
green and open environment and connecting the temple to the sea
visually.
The area has the potential to contain further heritage resources as
defined in the Guidelines for Cultural Heritage Impact Assessment by
Antiquities and Monuments Office, hence a built heritage survey should
be undertaken to identify heritage resources within the development
area when it is defined in the detailed studies.

Figure 4.19 Lau Ancestral Hall at Tuk Mei Chung

Figure 4.20 Tin Hau Temple

246382/REP/024/02 Page 51
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Marine Archaeology
The Marine Archaeological Review of marine archaeological potential
within the Study Area was conducted based on historical evidence and
review of previous Marine Archaeological Investigation (MAI) Studies.
No actual marine archaeological resources were identified within the
potential reclamation area. However, the two previous MAI studies
taken reference in the baseline review covered very small sections of
the potential reclamation area. It is recommended that MAI will be
carried out in the EIA during the next stage of detailed studies and will
need to cover the whole reclamation area and the construction space
including the related marine works affecting the seabed.

4.6 Infrastructure
General
To identify if there will be any constraint on the development or future
land use planning with respect to infrastructure capacity, the need for
some key infrastructures including drainage, sewerage and water
supply was broadly assessed in this Study based on various assumptions
on the types or combinations of land uses. As discussed previously in
this Report, the preliminary land use themes formulated in this Study
were proposed for the purpose of assessment only. The actual land uses
composition and their planning parameters, including residing and
working populations, Gross Floor Area, etc. will be determined in the
next stage detailed studies.

Drainage
The existing lands at LKT and LKST are bounded by the mountain
range of Castle Peak, and runoff from the mountain is collected and
discharged at four (4) points/outfalls along the shore to the sea.
Drainage system needs to be provided on the reclamation area to collect
and divert the runoff from these upstream catchments. The runoff at
these four existing points/outfalls were estimated for a 200-year design
event, and the peak runoff varies from about 7m3/s to 50m3/s.
In view of the size of the reclamation, 4 nos. of drainage structures, in
the form of either open channel or multi-cell box culvert, are
recommended to collect the surface runoff from the reclamation and the
existing hillside catchments. They should be connected to the four
existing runoff discharge points/outfalls along the shore.
Apart from acting as a storm drain, i.e. dimensioned to provide the
necessary capacity to discharge the runoff collected, an open channel
can be designed as a water feature to enhance the environment within
the development site. In order to maximise the opportunities of
developing mangrove communities on gentle sloping bed, the width of
water space between the natural shoreline and the new reclamation edge
would be approximately 40m. Compared with box culverts, open
channels would occupy more surface land and have a much greater land

246382/REP/024/02 Page 52
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

requirement. Therefore, it should be considered and properly placed in

consideration of spatial arrangement of various land uses in the detailed
studies.
Landscaped areas which could reduce and retard runoff are important
features for the development. Since the landscaped areas could allow
inundation during higher flood events, the need for the drainage
provision could be reduced. This will minimise the cost of drainage
works while offering an opportunity to enhance the environment. In
addition to landscaped area, for a development proposal of a large
parcel of land, provision of lakes could be considered for flood
retention.

Sewerage
The existing sewerage infrastructure in the vicinity of the potential
reclamation at LKT includes Pillar Point STW and San Wai STW. As
advised by EPD, both STWs have no spare capacity to take up sewage
flow from the new development at LKT reclamation. A new on-site
STW is therefore required. The new STW should handle the sewage
discharged from the existing villages as well to bring about
environmental enhancement.
The footprint of the STW depends on the estimated sewage flows,
which in turn relate to the land uses and the size of contributing
population, and the treatment level. For the purpose of estimating the
land demand of the new on-site STW, the sewage flow that might be
generated from the LKT reclamation development were estimated
based on the preliminary land use themes. Also, a tertiary treatment
level STW was assumed for a conservative assessment of the STW
footprint.
With reference to “EPD Guidelines for Estimating Sewage Flows for
Sewage Infrastructure Planning No. EPD/TP/1/105”, the estimated
Average Dry Weather Flow ranges from about 24,700m3/day to
58,400m3/day amongst the five preliminary land use themes. The
corresponding peak flows were estimated to be 830L/s to 1860L/s. If a
tertiary treatment level STW was provided, a site area of 11 to 14
hectare would be required.
In order to achieve the objective of Total Water Management and to
minimise the pollution to water bodies, consideration should be given
to re-use the treated effluent from the STW for non-potable uses such
as toilet flushing, irrigation, street washing, etc. The excess effluent will
be discharged to the sea via an outlet at reclamation edge. Considering
the marine traffic risk involved in carrying out the marine works for a
new submarine outfall laid across the heavily trafficked Urmston Road,
the feasibility of discharging the treated effluent nearshore was
investigated. The preliminary water quality model revealed that
discharging at the seawall would not have any impact on the water
sensitive receivers near the reclamation site if the effluent has gone
through a treatment of secondary level or above.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 53
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Water Supply
The freshwater and flushing water demands for the potential
development were broadly estimated based on the unit water demands
in Water Supplies Department (WSD) Departmental Instruction (DI)
1309. The flushing water demand was then adjusted based on the actual
and design capacities of the existing Tuen Mun Salt Water Pumping
Station
The fresh water demand was estimated to vary from 53,000m3/day to
69,000m3/day for the five preliminary land use themes. The flushing
water demand was estimated to vary from 12,000m3/day to
16,000m3/day based on WSD DI 1309; these increases to 14,880m3/day
to 19,840m3/day to include an additional 24% allowance as the
committed flushing water demand exceeds the planned demand of the
Tuen Mun Salt Water Pumping Station supply zone. Generally, water
demands for industrial land use were found to be higher than those for
residential land use when referring to the water demand for industrial
land use in Tuen Mun New Town. The actual water demand for
industrial land varies quite a lot with the type of industries adopted. This
should be reviewed in the detailed studies for estimating the water
demands.
Tuen Mun district is currently served by Tuen Mun Water Treatment
Works (WTW) at Fu Tei in the north of Tuen Mun. As advised by WSD,
it would not have any spare capacity for the development on LKT
reclamation. The capacity of the existing Tuen Mun WTW should be
increased or a new WTW will be required to cope with the water
demand arisen.
Tuen Mun WTW is identified as one of the government facilities that
could be relocated to caverns under the Preliminary Land Use Study for
Lam Tei Quarry and the Adjoining Areas (the Lam Tei Quarry Study).
If pursued, the relocated WTW could be designed to cater for additional
water demand of the LKT reclamation development. Alternatively, the
capacity of the Tuen Mun WTW can be increased by expanding it in
caverns near the existing WTW.
Based on a mean daily demand (MDD) of 69,000m3/day for freshwater,
the design capacity of the expanded part of WTW is 103,500m3/day,
i.e. 1.5 times the MDD. The footprint of the expanded part of WTW
was estimated to be 1 to 2 hectares (whilst the cavern size is yet to be
determined) and it is preferably to be located close to the existing Tuen
Mun WTW to enhance efficient and to facilitate share use of some
facilities. Other waterworks required may include new fresh water
primary service reservoir, fresh water service reservoirs, fresh water
pumping station, trunk transfer and distribution mains.
For flushing water, both seawater and reclaimed water (if tertiary
treatment is adopted in the new STW) are possible and available sources
locally. Again, new service reservoirs, new pumping station and
distribution mains will be required but the scale of works will be smaller
as compared with freshwater supply.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 54
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

4.7 Cost and Programme

4 to 5 years would be required for reclaiming 220-250 hectares,
depending on the fill materials to be used, the numbers of workfront to
be deployed and the actual construction method for the seawall. If more
public fill is used as fill materials or the phasing of works is constrained
by the nearby construction projects, a longer construction period should
be allowed and well co-ordination with these projects on the
construction programmes and sequences would become essential. In
addition, the implementation of environmental mitigation measures,
such as pause period for underwater construction during peak CWD
calving seasons, would most likely further extend the construction
period.
It is anticipated that another 4 to 5 years would be required for the
supporting infrastructures, in particular the new on-site STW and the
road improvement works at Lung Mun Road. Given that Lung Mun
Road has been heavily used by heavy vehicles and different
improvement schemes have been proposed by projects in the area, the
local traffic arrangement during the construction phase should be
investigated in details in the next stage detailed studies. As such, a more
realistic construction programme could be formulated for better project
planning to ensure that this only access to LKT could be enhanced on
time to tie in with the target commissioning year of development at
LKT reclamation.
The construction of WTW in caverns, either for relocating the whole
Tuen Mun WTW as proposed by the Lam Tei Quarry Study or for the
expanded part of WTW, may require a long duration of about 8 to 10
years. Subject to further design, the duration is largely the same as the
gross construction period for reclamation and the associated
infrastructures. Earlier planning for the investigation and detailed
studies for the cavern WTW is recommended.

4.8 Assessment of Preliminary Land Use Theme

Guiding principles were established in this Study to direct the
formulation of the Preliminary Land Use Theme (PLUT) for the
potential reclamation at LKT as mentioned in Section 3.1. These are:
1) enhancing land supply to meet territorial needs;
2) meeting local needs;

246382/REP/024/02 Page 55
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

3) compatibility with nearby village and industries;

4) minimise impacts on existing road network and provision of new
transport infrastructure;
5) respect the environment and minimise impacts; and
6) adopt a flexible design and adaptable implementation programme.

Evaluation criteria were proposed for each guiding principle to facilitate

the assessment of the performance of each PLUT in the principle. The
relative performance of each PLUT in each guiding principle was
assessed in a scale ranging from Relatively Low Performance (•),
Lower than Average Performance (••), Average Performance (•••),
Fair Performance (••••) to Good performance (•••••), corresponding
to the least performed to the most performed category.
The relative performance of the PLUTs in each guiding principle can
be summarised in the table below.
Guiding Principles Preliminary Land Use Theme
A B C D E
Enhancing land supply to •••• •••• •••• ••••• •••••
meet territorial needs
Meet local needs ••••• ••• ••• •••• ••
Compatibility with nearby •••• ••••• •••• •• •••
village and industries
Minimise impacts on • ••• •••• • ••••
existing road network and
provision of new transport
infrastructure
Respect the environment and ••• •••• ••• • ••
minimise impacts
Adopt a flexible design and •• •••• ••••• • •
adaptable implementation
programme

This assessment shows that both PLUT-B and PLUT-C have above-
average performance in all guiding principles, meaning that they can
best balance all the needs. PLUT-B and PLUT-C can meet the territorial
needs in providing industrial uses that can be synergic with the existing
development in Tuen Mun West and NWNT and in providing new
employment opportunities in the region. In particular, for facilities
requiring marine access for transportation of materials and products that
can only be located near the waterfront, LKT reclamation would be one
of the major sources for such uses. Moreover, they are largely
compatible with the nearby village and industries.
Whilst for other PLUTs, there are some major issues to be overcome if
pursued further. For instance, traffic issues should be properly

246382/REP/024/02 Page 56
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

addressed, with substantial input on the strategic transport

infrastructures, if residential development are proposed at LKT
reclamation as in PLUT-A and PLUT-D.

Nonetheless, some concerns are identified for PLUT-B and PLUT-C

which should be investigated further in the next stage detailed studies.
It is expected that they may not perform well in meeting local needs in
the provision of commercial, recreational and/or GIC facilities and new
public transport services as the residential-based development does.
Under the constraints in quantity and variety of the new provision, the
local should be consulted so that their needs can be acceded to as far as
possible. The impact on existing traffic should be minimized as far as
possible as well and extra traffic management measures, for example,
which can improve the road performance should be explored. As
regards the environmental nuisance, further investigation will be
carried out to minimise the nuisance from the industrial and special uses
and to enhance the ecology.









Addendum No. 1
246382/REP/024/02 Page 57
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Based on the above, either PLUT-B (industrial development over the

whole reclamation) or PLUT-C (territorial facilities in the north,
coupled with industrial development in the south) is likely to be
suitable at LKT reclamation, and could be further investigated,
depending on the need of the society.

Addendum No. 1
246382/REP/024/02 Page 58
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

5 Next Step

Potential Development Theme and Key

Constraints on Land Uses for Future
Consideration
This Technical Study was to investigate the key issues and
considerations in relation to the potential reclamation at LKT and the
subsequent development. The findings from various assessments done
in this Study will be reviewed in the next stage detailed studies
including the planning and engineering study and statutory EIA to
finalise the land use plans and to develop details for both the
reclamation works and the associated infrastructure works.
The Study assesses that the potential reclamation area at LKT could be
approximately 220 to 250 hectares. Having considered the
opportunities, constraints and potential impacts, it was suggested that
industrial-based development would be more suitable at LKT
reclamation, when compared with residential uses, to fit in the existing
industrial setting of Tuen Mun West and be more likely be synergic
with the industrial developments including logistics, warehousing and
green industry in Tuen Mun West and NWNT. These synergic
developments also provide employment opportunities which would
benefit the local and the region.
Territorial facilities such as C&DMHF and other special uses, which
can optimise the marine access and in turn minimise the traffic flow
added to the road networks in Tuen Mun district, could be considered
at LKT reclamation. These facilities requiring marine access for
transportation of materials and products can only be located nearshore
such as reclamation. LKT reclamation, coupled with its ample size,
would be one of the major sources for such land uses if they are in need.
That said, these facilities should be placed on the northern portion of
the reclamation site only to promote compatibility with the existing
villages at LKT and avoid disturbance to the butterfly species at Lung
Kwu Tan Valley SSSI due to flood lighting in the evenings.
In contrast, if residential development is pursued even in part of the site,
it would lead to increase in traffic in critical direction and hence severe
traffic congestion. Significant input on new transport infrastructure
would be required.
Sufficient buffer area, such as open space, should be provided between
the existing villages and the new development. Open space and view
corridor toward seaside should be allowed in front of the Tin Hau
Temple for inducing green and open environment and connecting the
temple to the sea visually. Opportunities should be explored to build
green channel for ecological enhancement and beautification, while
meeting the drainage need.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 59
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Other key constraints on future land use will include the air quality
exceedance zone at the southern end of the potential reclamation area
adjacent to the CPPS. The future land uses should avoid any air
sensitive use within this exceedance zone.
The building height of the future development should be limited to
below the ridgeline of the surrounding hillslopes and key vantage
points, with due consideration of other restriction in view of the
potential helicopter noise, operation of Black Point Radar Station and
visual impact as well.
The locals could benefit from the development by additional
community facilities in the neighbourhood, and more choices of new
public transport services. New roads provided on reclamation site
could, depending on the management and operation requirement,
provide an alternative route for refuse vehicles to reduce the nuisance
from refuse vehicles on existing residents along Lung Kwu Tan Road.
Land resumption should be avoided as far as possible. Apart from the
concerns over the impact on the villagers, it would induce uncertainty
to the implementation programme of the development. Moreover, it
may be of ecological interest to preserve the existing villages, as any
transformation there will inevitably affect the Lung Kwu Tan Valley
SSSI and the Fung Shui Woods due to their close vicinity. The
subsurface works that may be required during construction will also
adversely and directly affect the archaeological deposits of the LKT
SAI underneath the villages.

Future Studies
This Technical Study provided only a broadbrush assessment of various
aspects and identifies constraints and key issues that will need to be
addressed in the detailed studies and EIA. To pursue the reclamation
proposal further, more detailed investigation and assessments should be
carried out to firm up the development proposal and land use planning.
Statutory EIA should be carried out to ascertain the environmental
acceptability of the development proposal and to explore further
mitigation / enhancement measures.
Some key areas in respect of geotechnical appraisal and reclamation
study, marine traffic, traffic and transport, environmental assessments,
infrastructures and building height restriction which require attention in
the detailed studies are summarised below. Need to have consultation
of the local community is also highlighted.

Geotechnical Appraisal and Reclamation Study

Additional site-specific ground investigation should be carried out to
identify and ascertain the uncertainties on the presence of the
potentially problematic ground, and for review of parameters for design
of reclamation and associated works. The proposed additional GI
should target on better characterisation of the geological and

246382/REP/024/02 Page 60
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

geotechnical conditions to facilitate preliminary and detailed design,

including of the following aspects:
(a) Zone of interests (e.g. the silty sand layer within the marine
deposits);
(b) Engineering properties of the soil and rock types and the designed
groundwater table within the site area to refine the geotechnical
design parameters;
(c) Provision of hydrogeological monitoring for the inland terrain to
assess the impacts of the proposed reclamation works;
(d) Presence of obstructions or antiquity and archaeological values
within the proposed reclamation area.
Geophysical survey is recommended to facilitate identification of the
full extent of the silty sand layer within the marine deposits, to provide
refinement of other stratigraphic boundaries within the superficial
deposits and to provide information on the location of any zone of
organic material within the marine deposits and alluvium, which are
prone to decay to release potentially hazardous gases including
methane.
A preliminary screening on potential natural terrain catchments was
completed based on GEO Report No. 138, and it identified that some
natural terrain catchments abutting the shoreline near the central portion
of the potential reclamation area will require an NTHS, depending on
the land uses of the proposed developments and their proximity to the
toe of the catchment. The need for detailed NTHS for the natural terrain
catchments, including the location and extent of the hillside, will be
reviewed, taking into account the actual land uses on the reclamation
site near to the hillslope and the detailed facility layouts especially their
proximity to the hillside. Mitigation measures to protect the future
facilities against the natural terrain hazard, if required, would be
identified in the detailed NTHS. In addition, an assessment of the
potential boulder fall / rockfall hazard is recommended for the next
stage of study. Stabilisation works against such hazards will need to be
investigated in the detailed studies.
Detailed review and assessment of the man-made slopes/retaining walls
in the vicinity of the reclamation should be carried out to investigate the
features which would have potential to affect or to be affected by the
proposed reclamation works. Slope upgrading works, if any, should be
proposed.

Marine Traffic
A comprehensive MTIA should be undertaken with a more certain
traffic pattern of both the reclamation development and other projects
in the vicinity. A full navigation simulation should be included to
simulate the vessel manoeuvring between Urmston Road and the future

246382/REP/024/02 Page 61
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

waterfront of the reclamation and to assess if any navigation measures

or aids is required.

Traffic and Transport

Further detailed investigation on the proposed improvement scheme of
roads, both local and district levels, is recommended, taking into
account the actual traffic demand of the proposed development, and the
latest programme and project information of the key proposed road
links and other development projects in the area.
Preliminary assessments of both natural terrain and man-made features
suggested that detailed NTHS and slope stability review will be
required to evaluate the potential risk from these natural terrain
catchments and man-made features on the proposed road improvement
works. In addition, in view of the presence of numerous boulders on the
uphill side of the proposed road improvement works, an assessment on
the potential of boulder fall / rockfall is recommended for the next
detailed studies. In addition, a number of registered slopes at Siu Lang
Shui Road/Lung Mun Road and at Tuen Mun Road/Hoi Wing Road
were found to be directly affected by the proposed connecting roads and
the proposed slip road respectively. Detailed stability review and proper
design of slope modification works will be required.
The local traffic arrangement during the construction phase should be
investigated in details for the proposed improvement works at Lung
Mun Road to avoid impacting on the existing uses along Lung Mun
Road and to formulate a more realistic construction programme.

Environmental Assessments
The preliminary environmental assessments completed were based on
the best available information at the time of the assessment and a
number of assumptions under some conservative assessment scenarios.
The assessment assumptions, potential environmental issues, and
proposed mitigation options should be further investigated and
followed up in subsequent detailed studies and assessment for LKT
Reclamation. Assessment assumptions should be reviewed when more
detailed information on the development proposals of LKT
Reclamation and other interfacing projects becomes available in future
studies.
Some key issues to be followed up in future statutory EIA are listed
below:
(a) Review and adopt the latest details of all the potential interfacing
and concurrent projects in vicinity of the proposed reclamation site,
which may have cumulative environmental impacts during its
construction and operation stages.
(b) Review and update on emission inventories in PATH for air quality
impact assessment, particularly those local industrial emission
sources in the vicinity of the proposed reclamation site.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 62
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

(c) Review and update the pollution load inventory and construction
methods to carry out the water quality assessment.
(d) Revisit the helicopter noise assessment based on updated helicopter
operation details of the helipads occupied by GFS and CLP at
northern and southern side of the proposed reclamation site,
including type of helicopters, approach and departure areas, etc.
(e) Explore measures to reduce traffic volume and speed of
construction vessels to reduce disturbance on CWD and the indirect
impact on SCLKCMP which is an important CWD feeding habitat.
(f) Carry out the detailed ecological survey and assessments to explore
suitable arrangement for eco-shoreline and green channel to retain
the natural shoreline and explore opportunities for ecological
enhancement.
(g) Conduct another fisheries survey to provide a more areal
investigation of the embayment area over a longer period of survey
time, with particular attention to CWD prey species to review the
potential impact to CWDs.
(h) Explore further mitigation measures in the reclamation proposal
(e.g. introducing enough open space, limiting building height and
roof planting for industrial buildings / science park buildings) to
minimise the visual impact as far as possible.
(i) Carry out a built heritage survey, a built heritage impact assessment
and an archaeological impact assessment when the extent of the
associated works to occur on land is defined.
(j) Carry out a MAI which should cover the whole reclamation area
and the construction space including the related marine works
affecting the seabed, particularly a geophysical survey is
recommended to confirm that no wreckage of archaeological
importance is within the reclamation extent.
(k) Carry out a hazard assessment, if required, for the proposed land
uses and the interface with nearby existing and proposed
developments.

Infrastructures
Further studies on the water supply infrastructure, including water
treatment works, service reservoirs and pumping station, will be
required to formulate the implementation programme to ensure that this
essential infrastructure could be completed on time to tie in with the
target commissioning year of development at LKT reclamation.

Building Height Restriction

Due consideration should be given to the restriction on the building
heights when formulating the land use plan. The future amendment to
the AHR for the operation of HKIA3RS should be considered

246382/REP/024/02 Page 63
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

holistically with the building height restriction for maintaining the

operation of Black Point Radar Station and for minimising
environmental impact due to helicopter noise and visual intrusion.

Consultation
Apart from the needs of the society, views of the local community are
equally important in determining the development theme of the LKT
reclamation. The locals and villages concerned should be engaged in
the process of formulating the land use proposals.
Consultation of local community is an important step in assessing the
impact on cultural heritage. Relevant stakeholders should be consulted
earlier to gauge their views and address their concerns.

246382/REP/024/02 Page 64
Civil Engineering and Development Department Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE) Technical Study on Reclamation
at Lung Kwu Tan - Feasibility Study
Final Final Report

Drawings

246382/REP/024/02 Page 65
 Æ 1
1.7 15.5 Z 0
0
1.7 10.3 ¸

806000 E

807000 E

808000 E

809000 E

810000 E

811000 E
DO NOT SCALE DRAWING. CHECK 4.8
ALL DIMENSIONS ON SITE.
4.2
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
0.9
NOTES
ADAD
c OVE ARUP & PARTNERS HONG KONG LIMITED. 11.3
13.8 6

RO

805000 E
9.7 O
18.1 R 1. ALL CO-ORDINATES ARE IN ACCORDANCE WITH HK(1980)
2.7 7.6 ¹q¤ NN
WAA
2.2
100 GRID CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM.
20 N Power Station 2
7.8
M W 0
NIM
16.8 4.7 0
7.7 I
2.3 20.5
12.2
BLACK POINT N
2. THE TOE LEVEL OF SEAWALL IS NOT SHOWN.

2.6
7.4 3.8
6.8
5.8
POWER STATION LEGEND
2.4
0.9
16.1
1.5
281
13.2 11.5
7.3 19.9
18 7.9
1.8 INDICATIVE EXISTING SEABED LEVEL
2.1 19.1
(METRE BELOW CHART DATUM)
10.7
6.7
2.3
830000 N
OPEN STORAGE OR WORKSHOP

2.8 9.5
16.2
8 BLACK POINT
20.4 14 4.1
RADAR STATION °t¤
2.3 16 Ser Res LUNG KWU TAN VILLAGE
8.6 100 20
19.2
7.2 100 0
2.4
11
2.3 18.7 POTENTIAL RECLAMATION AREA
135
1
2 3.9 21
16 Äê¨ 0
0 FOR INDUSTRIAL-BASED DEVELOPMENT

À
5.5 2
Black Point
1.5 (Lan Kok Tsui)
ROAD CONNECTION TO THE ADJOINING AREA
2.6 12.1
8.3 2.2

HELIPAD
16 13.9
1
9.3 15.2 -0.3

19.2
¹ 20.5
19.1

6.3
2.8
1.6
0.8
0.6
3.8

-0.5
LUNG KWU
Às¹ª
Lung Kwu
2.1

1.3
SHEUNG
Sheung TAN
Tan
3.8
1
11.9 1.8 0.7 LAU ANCESTRAL HALL
2.2

2.4
2.1 7.7
16.9
19.6
¤ 20.8
17 13.7

8 3 2.1
3
0.5

1.1
-0.3 -0.2

829000 N
13.7
1.7
2.1 -0.4

20.8

¹ 3.5 1.7 310

LU
16.1
1.7

N
9.5 11
5.9

G
1.6 1.2
-0.3
2.6 15.8
-0.2
13.6

LUN
KW G K
17.9 3
3.7
1.4
4.5 1.5 0.7
18.4

U
7.2
20.2
54

TAN TAN
11.6 13.3

WU
2.5
7.4 20.4
3.5

R O ROAD
2.4 200
2.2
17.8 1.6 1

AD
18.1
2
8.5 8
3 TIN HAU TEMPLE
20.4

Às
14

12.6
20.3
EXISTING LUNG KWU TAN
1.7 2.5
2.7 3.4 ÁA±

¹ª
15.4
SUBMARINE OUTFALL
12
4.5
2.9
0.6 Lookout VALLEY SSSI
2.8 7.9 19.7
15.8 7.9
6 ¥_
19.4
17.6
1.7
Pak Long 0
¤j§
828000 N 1.5 2.4
1.1 10
20.6 TAI LANG SHUI
ÀsÀÜ
16.6 13.3 7.5 1.7
Dragon
3.5
12.5 -0.4 Cove
«n
3.1
3.9
6.4
7.4 20.4
1.6
1.7 LUNG Nam Long
20.8 2.7
¨F® Às¹ The reclamation extent shown is
2.4 16.6 -0.3 KWU
Sha Po
1.5
0.6
LUNG KWU TAN preliminary only and is subject
21 18.9 11.3
7 1.4 Kong
TAN

20 0
17 to review in the next detailed
1.7 1.6 ¿w§
3.8
18.7 Tuk Mei studies including Environmental
6.1 4 1.5
8.2
Chung Impact Assessment.
U

4.3 20.6 -0.2

6.3
0.7

14.1 20.7 1.3 Às

R

7.8
1.5 LAU ANCESTRAL HALL
3.1
17 3
Lung Tsai
13 1.6
(GRADE 3 HISTORIC
5.4 19.4 -0.3 BUILDING)
M

7.9 20.4 0.8 269

7.4
7.2 18.2 7
S

4.8
21
12 3.3 1.8 1.8
8.2 12.7 0.4
Rev Description By Date
T

3.8 12.3
21
4.4 827000 N 1 19.6
Consultant
16.2 17.9
8 8.7
4.7 0.9
18.5
O

9 0.8
4.5
7.6 2.6
21 2.4 -0.5
50 -0.3
4.1 13.7
4.3

0 2.8
N

21
2 20.3
9.6
0.9
Contract No. and Title
20.2
2.6
U

3.3
13.8 14 ½ñ¥ -0.4
Agreement No. CE27/2015(CE)
R

7.1 18.8
75 4
M

7.5 18 6.1
1.7
Tap Shek
0.4 1 Kok
S

2.7
Technical Study on
T

21.5 1.1
0.5
O
N

7.7
13.8
Reclamation at Lung Kwu Tan -
1.4 12.3
R

0.5
8.3
LUNG KWU CHAU Feasibility Study
O

1.6 20.9
CASTLE PEAK
A

7.9
7.8 5.6
Às¹
J:\246382\ARUP\GEO\246382_GEN001.dgn

17.5 20.8
D

3.6 17
6.7 1.2 4.4

1.6 LUNG KWU CHAU 20.7 POWER STATION 100

«C¤
21.5 13.9 ¹q¤ s½
1.6
SIU LANG SHUI SSSI m¹
R

1.7 Drawing title

1.3 Power Station

9 12.8
3.4
POTENTIAL RECLAMATION AT
O

7 18

A
4.4 2.9 20.9 0.1
6.7 20
1.8 16.5 21
6.1
19.7
13.8 LUNG KWU TAN
826000 N
3.3
D 14.9
2.8

18.7
3.3 21 15.6
6.9 11.3 21
1.3
5.3
17.8 2.7
68 20.8 13.4
5.6
1.8 ¤ôª
3 20.2 Cement Works
13.7 20.6
6 5.8 17
17.3 16.9 Às MUN R
3.7 12.7 1 ª UNG
L
O
D AD
UN ROA
3.1 Drawing no. Rev.

5.6 LUNG M
7.6
246382/GEN/001 -
30/04/2018

13.4
18.9 21.5
4.8 8.5 11.9 ¿U®
10.5 Fuel Tank Drawn Date Checked Approved
20.6 19.9 17.3
4.7
4.5 20.3 RL 04/18 TL AC
5.4
3.6 Scale Status
4.6 11.9 10.6 5.4 1:20000 @ A3 PRELIMINARY
5.6

4.9 14.2
19.6 22 Àô«
6 21 7.6 COPYRIGHT RESERVED
19.7 17.8
EcoPark
SHA CHAU AND LUNG KWU CHAU MARINE PARK
nted by :

4.3 8.1 12.5

5.3
enam e :

3.9 9.7
20.1
19.3 20.1
0 200 400 600 800 1000
4.1
4.6 4.8 Civil Engineering and
14.1 19.6 20.6
10.7
16.1 5.6 Development Department
5.2 METRES
Pri
l

6.7 13.5
Fi

1 : 20000
14.2
4.1 16.1