Department of Civil Engineering

Rain Semester 2023/2024 Session

CVE 305: Hydrology

Tutorial Questions
Instruction: Answer All Questions 03/12/2024

1. What is hydrology?
2. With the aid of a well labeled diagrams, examine the various stages and
processes of a water cycle.
3. Discuss the importance of learning hydrology at university level.
4. Explain the sources of surface flow.
5. Discuss any five factors that could control the amount of runoff generated over
a
watershed.
6. Define a hydrograph and examine the usefulness of it’s limbs in hydrologic
analysis
7. Explain the alternative methods you would use in base flow separation
8.Discuss the significance of infiltration and examine the mechanics of water
storage and movement
in the soil.
9. Discuss the type of ground water and the factors that control it’s reseeding
and availability.
10. Write short notes on the following.
a) Drainage basin
b) Drainage pattern
c) Flooding.
d) Water flow patterns
e) Sediment transport.
11. Mention two different types of self-recording rain gauges and explain their
working
principles. Support your answers with detailed diagrams.
12. With the aid of well - labelled diagram, describe the hydrologic cycle and explain
how
evaporation can be reduced.
13. Compare convective rainfall with orographic rainfall and confirm if dew is
really a form of
precipitation.

14. The runoff from the drainage basin or catchment area of a natural stream depends
on
several factors, briefly discuss four of them.
 15. Transpiration is controlled by the same factors that control simple
evaporation from water surface. List ten of
them.
16. The isohyets for annual rainfall over a catchment were drawn and the areas of
strips between isohyet are obtained as presented in Table Q2. Determine the
average depth of annual precipitation over the area.

Table Q2: Annual rainfall and areas of strips between isohyets

Isohyets 550 - 750 – 950 - 1050 1050 - 1250 – 1550 - 1650
(m) 750 950 1250 1550
2)
Area (km ) 1400 4000 2500 2000 1000 900
17. Define these terms: aquifer, aquitard, aquiclude, groundwater velocity and
porosity.

18. With the aid of well-labeled diagrams, differentiate between constant head and
falling head
permeameters.
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19. Design a tube well for the following data: yield required = 0.15 m /s, radius of circle
of influence = 250 m, coefficient of permeability= 55 m/day, drawdown = 8 m and
thickness of confined aquifer = 40
m.
20. A tube well of 300 m diameter penetrates fully a confined aquifer. The
length of the strainer is 25m. Calculate the yield from the well under a drawdown
of 4 m, if the coefficient of permeability of aquifer is 50 m/day. Assume radius of
circle of influence equals 200 m
21. Define a unit hydrograph with a well- labelled single peaked typical
hydrograph.
22. State five empirical formulae used for the estimation of peak flood discharge.
23. A variety of routing methods are available and they can be broadly classified into
two categories. List and briefly describe them.
24. Route the following flood hydrograph through a river reach for which K = 12.0 h and
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X = 0.20. At the start of the inflow flood, the outflow discharge is 10m /s as presented
in able Q 3

Table Q3: Ordinates of a flood hydrograph

Time (hr) 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54

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Inflow (m / 10 20 50 60 55 45 35 27 20 15
s)
25. What is difference between Reservoir routing and Channel routing?

26. Define infiltration and describe how runoff is generated from a given
precipitation.

27. Compare in details the USWB Class A pan evaporimeter with the Colorado
sunken pan evaporimeter and explain why it is possible for evaporation rate to
exceed precipitation.
(5
marks)
28. The rates of rainfall for successive 20 minutes storm in mm/hour are: 22, 22, 95,
72, 12.5, 12.5 and 50. Taking the value of ᶲ-index as 31 mm/hour, calculate the net
runoff in mm and the total
rainfall.
29. The runoff from the drainage basin or catchment area of a natural stream
depends on several factors, briefly discuss
them.
30. Transpiration is controlled by the same factors that control simple evaporation
from water surface. List ten of
them.
31. Differentiate recording gauges vs non-recording
gauges
32. Mention any hydraulic project and its design criteria, remember to support
your answer with appropriate
sketch.
33. List four classification of hydraulic structures on the basis of material and describe
two of them.
34. Define the following types of hydraulic structures classified on the basis of its
function; flow control structures, flow measurement structures, division structures,
conveyance structures, energy dissipation structures, river training /water stabilizing
structures, sediment/quality control structures and hydraulic machines.
35. Briefly explain role of groundwater in water resources development in the country.

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36.Design a tube well for the following data: yield required = 0.10 m /s, radius of circle
of influence = 200 m, coefficient of permeability= 60 m/day, drawdown = 6 m and
thickness of confined aquifer = 30
m.
37. A tube well fully penetrates a confined aquifer of thickness 30 m and
coefficient of permeability 38 m/day. Determine the radius of the well if the yield
required is 40 litre/second under a drawdown of 4 m. Use radius of circle of
influence recommended by
Sidchardt.