8

Revision

Revision of
Chapters 2–7

8A Technology-free questions
1 The polynomial P(x) = 6x3 + 5ax − 12a leaves a remainder of −4 when divided by x − a.
Find the possible values of a.

2 a Express x2 + 8x + 9 in the form (x + a)2 + b.

b For what value of x is x2 + 8x + 9 a minimum?

3 Define f : [−3, 5] → R, f (x) = 6 − x. Find the range of the function f .

4 Find the image of the graph of y2 = x under the sequence of transformations:

 a dilation of factor 2 from the x-axis
 followed by a translation of 3 units in the negative direction of the y-axis.

5 Find a sequence of transformations that takes the graph of y = x3 to the graph of

y = 3(x − 2)3 − 4.
4x − 7
6 Consider the graph of y = .
x+1
a
a Rewrite the equation of the graph as y = + b, for real numbers a and b.
x+1
b Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the graph with the axes.
c Find the equations of the asymptotes of the graph.

7 The points A(−2, 1), B(3, −4) and C(5, 7) are the vertices of triangle ABC.
a Let M and N be the midpoints of line segments AB and AC respectively. Find the
coordinates of M and N.
b Show that MN is parallel to BC.

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 8A Technology-free questions 293

Revision
8 Let P(x) = 8x3 + 4x − 3.
a Find the remainder when P(x) is divided by 2x + 1.
b Find the remainder when P(x) is divided by 2 − x.
c Find the remainder when P(x + 1) is divided by x + 2.

9 If g(x) = 3x2 − 4, then find:

a g(2a) b g(a − 1) c g(a + 1) − g(a − 1)

10 Let f (x) = 4 − 5x and g(x) = 7 + 2x.

a Is it true that f (2) + f (3) = f (2 + 3)?
b Solve the equation f (x) = g(x) for x.
c Solve the inequality f (x) ≥ g(x) for x.
d Find the value of k for which f (2k) = g(3k).

11 Solve the simultaneous equations:

x+y=5
(x + 1) + (y + 1)2 = 25
2

12 Show that the points A(0, −5), B(−1, 2), C(4, 7) and D(5, 0) form a rhombus ABCD.

13 Write each of the following in turning point form:

a y = x2 + 4x − 9 b y = x2 − 3x − 11 c y = 2x2 − 3x + 11

14 Find the coordinates of the points of intersection of the graphs for each of the following
pairs of functions:
a y = 4x + 1 and y = x2 + 3x − 9 b y = 2x + 2 and y = x2 − 2x + 6
c y = −3x + 2 and y = x2 + 5x + 18

15 Solve each of the following inequalities:

a x2 + 3x − 5 > 0 b 2x2 − 5x − 5 ≥ 0
c (x − 3)2 (x + 4) ≥ 0 d (x − 3)(x + 4)(2x − 1) ≤ 0
3
e (x − 2) − 8 ≤ 0

16 State the maximal (implied) domain of each of the following functions:

3 √
a f (x) = −7 b g(x) = 5 − x − 4 c f (x) = x2 − 4x − 7
2x − 5
2 5
d f (x) = 2
−5 e h(x) = 2x2 − 4x + 2 f h(x) = 4 −
(x − 2) 3x − 2
17 Given that x + 4 is a factor of 3x3 + x2 + px + 24, find the value of p and hence factorise
the expression completely.

18 If 5x3 − 3x2 + ax + 7 = (x + 2)Q1 (x) + R and 4x3 + ax2 + 7x − 4 = (x + 2)Q2 (x) + 2R,
find the values of a and R.

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Revision 294 Chapter 8: Revision of Chapters 2–7

19 Find the inverse function of each of the following functions:

a f : [1, 2] → R, f (x) = x2 b h : [−1, 2] → R, h(x) = 2 − x
− 2
√
c g : R → R, g(x) = x − 4 d f : (−∞, 2] → R, f (x) = 2−x+3
3
e f : R → R, f (x) = (x − 2) + 8

20 At Big Bob’s Burger Bar, a Big Bob burger costs $b and a regular fries costs $ f . Three
Big Bob burgers and two regular fries cost $18.20.
a Write an equation to show this.
b If one Big Bob burger costs $4.20, what is the cost of one regular fries?

21 Two lines have equations 4x + ky = 7 and y = 3 − 4x. Find k if:

a the lines are parallel b the lines are perpendicular.

22 Line `1 has an x-axis intercept at (5, 0) and a y-axis intercept at (0, −2). Line `2 is
perpendicular to `1 and passes through the point (1, 6).
a Find the gradient of line `1 .
b Find the equation of line `2 expressing your answer in the form ax + by + c = 0,
where a, b and c are integers and a > 0.

23 A family of parabolas have rules of the form y = ax2 + 2x + a, where a , 0.

a Express ax2 + 2x + a in the form a(x + b)2 + c for real numbers b and c.
b Give the coordinates of the turning point of the graph of y = ax2 + 2x + a in terms
of a.
c For which values of a is ax2 + 2x + a a perfect square?
d For which values of a does the graph of y = ax2 + 2x + a have two x-axis intercepts?
1
24 a Sketch the graph of y = 1 + , for x , −2.
2+x
b The graph crosses the y-axis at A and the x-axis at B. Give the coordinates of A
and B.
c Find the equation of line AB.
d Find the coordinates of the midpoint M of AB.
e Find the equation of the straight line passing through M perpendicular to AB.

25 Find the equation of the parabola that passes through the points A(1, 6), B(0, 2) and
C(−3, 8).

26 Let P(x) = 2x3 − 9x2 + ax + b. When P(x) is divided by x + 1, there is a remainder of 3,

and when P(x) is divided by x − 2, there is also a remainder of 3.
a Find the values of a and b.
b Solve the equation P(x) = 3 for x.
c Solve the equation P(3x) = 3 for x.

27 Find the values of k for which the quadratic equation −x2 + kx + k + 1 = 0 has:
a one solution b two solutions c two negative solutions.

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 8B Multiple-choice questions 295

Revision
28 The expression c + bx − x2 has its greatest value 5 when x = 2. Find the values of b
and c.

29 An open rectangular cardboard box has a height of 5 cm, and its length is 6 cm greater
than its width.
a If the width of the box is x cm, write down expressions for:
i its length
ii the area of its base
iii the area of each of its four other sides
iv the total surface area.
b If the total surface area is 180 cm2 , find the value of x.
√
30 A graph has a rule of the form y = a x − h + k and passes through the three points
(4, 6), (7, 8) and (12, 10). Find the values of a, h and k.

8B Multiple-choice questions
1 The turning point of a quadratic with rule y = x2 − ax has coordinates
 a a2   a2   a a2 
A (0, a) B ,− C (a, 0) D a, − E − ,−
2 4 2 2 4
2 The quadratic equation x2 − 2ax + b = 0, where a and b are positive constants, has one
solution when
√
A b = a and a , 1 B b= a C b = 1 and a , 1
√
D a= b E b=a=2

3 The simultaneous equations (m − 2)x + 3y = 6 and 2x + (m + 2)y = m have a unique

solution for
√ √
A m ∈ R \ {0} B m ∈ R \ {−1, 1} C m ∈ R \ {− 10, 10}
D m ∈ R \ [−1, 1] E m∈R

4 Which of the following points lies on both the line with equation y = 3x − 1 and the line
with equation 4x + 2y = 8?
A (0, 0) B (0, 4) C (2, 0) D (1, 2) E (2, 1)

5 The cubic expression x3 − 8 can be factorised as

A (x + 2)(x2 − 2x + 4) B (x − 2)3 C (x2 − 4)(x + 2)
D (x − 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) E (x2 + 4)(x − 2)

6 The quadratic expression 2x2 − 5x − 12 can be factorised as

A (2x + 1)(x − 12) B (2x − 1)(x + 12) C (2x + 3)(x − 4)
1
D 2(2x − 3)(x + 2) E 2(x − 2 )(x + 6)

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7 The remainder when 4x3 − 5x + 5 is divided by 2x + 3 is

A 4 B 11 C −1 D 1 E 2

8 The gradient of the line with equation 2x + 4y − 6 = 0 is

A − 12 B 2 C 4 D −2 E 1

9 The equation of the line perpendicular to the line with equation 2x + 4y = 3 and
containing the point (1, 2) is
A y = − 12 x + 5
2 B 2y = x + 2 C 2y = x D y = 2x − 4 E y = 2x

10 If x − 3 is a factor of x3 + ax2 − x − 6, then a is equal to

A 2 B −2 C 1 D −1 E −3

11 The linear factors of x3 + 8x2 + 9x − 18 are

A x − 1, x + 3, x + 6 B x − 1, x − 3, x − 6 C x + 1, x − 3, x + 6
D x + 1, x + 3, x − 1 E x + 1, x − 3, x − 6

12 The parabola shown has equation y

A y = 2(x − 2)(x + 2)
(0, 3)
B y = −2(x − 2)2
C 3y = 4(x + 2)(x − 2)
D 3y = 2(x + 2)(x − 2) (–2, 0) (2, 0)
x
0
E 4y = −3(x + 2)(x − 2)

13 The line with equation y = mx + c is perpendicular to the line with equation y = 4 − 3x.
The value of m is
1
A 3 B 3 C −3 D − 13 E −1

14 If f (x) = x2 − 1, then f (x − 1) is equal to

A 0 B 1 C x−1 D x2 − 2x E x2 − 2x − 2

15 The graph of y = x2 + kx + k + 8 touches the x-axis. The value of k is

A −4 B 8 C 12 D −4 or 8 E −8 or 12

16 Let P(x) = 3x3 − 4x − k. If P(x) is divisible by x − k, then the remainder when P(x) is
divided by x + k is
A 2k B k C 0 D −k E −2k

17 The turning point of the graph of the quadratic function with rule y = a(x − b)2 + c is the
point with coordinates
b  b c
A ,c B (b, c) C (c, b) D (−b, c) E ,
a a a
18 If the graphs of y = 3 + 4x − x2 and y = k have only one common point, then k equals
A −1 B 1 C 4 D 7 E 2

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 8B Multiple-choice questions 297

Revision
19 M is the midpoint of XY. The coordinates of M and Y are (7, −3) and (5, 4) respectively.
The coordinates of X are
A (6, 21 ) B (4, −14) C (1, 0) D (9, −10) E (6, −5)

20 The range of the function represented by the set of ordered pairs


(x, y) : y = x2 + 1, x ∈ [−2, 1] is
A [−3, 1] B [1, 5] C (1, ∞) D [12, 5] E R

21 The equation x3 + 2x − 8 = 0 has only one solution. This solution lies between
A −2 and −1 B −1 and 0 C 0 and 1 D 1 and 2 E 2 and 8

22 If f : R → R with f (x) = x(x − 2), then f (−3) is equal to

A −8 B 2 C 8 D 15 E −15

23 The length of the line segment joining the points with coordinates (−4, −3) and
(−5, −10) is
√ √ √ √ √
A 2 5 B 5 2 C 5 10 D 25 2 E 15 2

24 The straight line intersects the parabola at y

points A and B. The length of line segment
AB is y = x2 + 4x – 3
√ √ A
A 48 B 60
√ √
C 180 D 320 4 B
√ x
E 360 0
y = 4 – 2x

25 Which one of the following ordered pairs is not a member of the relation
{ (x, y) : y ≤ 2x + 3 }?
A (1, 4) B (−1, 1) C ( 12 , 3 12 ) D (− 12 , 2 12 ) E (2, 5)

26 If the graph of y = k + 2x − x2 touches the x-axis, then the value of k is

A −2 B −1 C 0 D 1 E 2

27 If the line with equation kx + y − 4 = 0 is perpendicular to the line with equation

x − 2y + 3 = 0, then k equals
1
A −2 B 2 C 2 D − 12 E 3
4

28 The simultaneous equations y = x2 + k and y = x have only one solution. The value
of k is
1
A 4 B − 14 C 4 D −4 E 1

29 If two lines 2x − y + 3 = 0 and ax + 3y − 1 = 0 are parallel, then the value of a is

A −6 B −2 C 2 D 3 E 6

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 298 Chapter 8: Revision of Chapters 2–7

√
Revision

30 The maximal domain of the function with rule f (x) = 4 − x2 is

A [0, 2] B [−2, 2] C (2, ∞) D (−∞, 2) E (−2, 2)

31 The range of the function f : R → R, f (x) = 2x2 + 3x + 4 is

4   23 
A (−∞, 4] B ,∞ C ,∞ D [1, ∞) E [4, ∞)
3 8
32 When x3 − kx2 − 10kx + 25 is divided by x − 2, the remainder is 9. The value of k is
1 7 13
A 25 B − C D 1 E −
2 4 8
33 If f (x) = x2 − 7x + k and f (k) = −9, then f (−1) equals
A −9 B −3 C 3 D 5 E 11

34 2xy − x2 − y2 is equal to
A (x − y)2 B (−x − y)2 C (−x + y)2 D −(x + y)2 E −(x − y)2

35 The set { x : x2 − x − 12 ≤ 0 } is equal to

A [3, 4] B (−∞, 3) ∪ [4, ∞) C [−3, 4]
D (−∞, −4] ∪ [−3, ∞) E [−4, 3]

36 If f (x) = 12 x(x − 1), then f (x) − f (x + 1) is equal to

x
A 1 B −2 C −x D −2x E −
2
37 The set { x : 2x2 − 2 ≤ 0 } is equal to
A (−∞, 1] B [−1, ∞) C [−1, 1]
D [1, ∞) ∪ (−∞, −1] E (−∞, 1) ∪ [1, ∞)


38 The range of the function f (x) = −2 (x − 21 )2 − 3 is
A (−∞, 6] B (−∞, 3] C (−3, ∞) D [6, ∞) E [−6, ∞)

8C Extended-response questions
√
1 A family of functions have rules of the form f (x) = a − x, where a is a positive real
number.
a State the maximal domain of f .
b Find the coordinates of the point of intersection of the graph of y = f (x) with the
graph of y = x.
c For what value of a does the line with equation y = x intersect the graph of y = f (x)
at the point with coordinates (1, 1)?
d For what value of a does the line with equation y = x intersect the graph of y = f (x)
at the point with coordinates (2, 2)?
e For what value of a does the line with equation y = x intersect the graph of y = f (x)
at the point with coordinates (c, c), where c is a positive real number?

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 8C Extended-response questions 299

Revision
2 A particular plastic plate manufactured at a factory sells at $11.50. The cost of
production consists of an initial cost of $3500 and then $10.50 a plate. Let x be the
number of plates produced.
a Let $C be the cost of production of x plates. Write an expression for C in terms of x.
b Let $I be the income from selling x plates. Write an expression for I in terms of x.
c On the one set of axes, sketch the graphs of I against x and C against x.
d How many plates must be sold for the income to equal the cost of production?
e Let P = I − C. Sketch the graph of P against x. What does P represent?
f How many plates must be sold for a profit of $2000 to be made?

3 A tank of capacity 1000 litres is initially empty. Water flows into the tank at 20 litres per
minute for 10 minutes, and then the rate is decreased to 15 litres per minute. The water
continues to flow in at this rate until the tank is filled.
a How much water is in the tank after 10 minutes?
The volume of water in the tank can be described by the rule



at
 0 ≤ t ≤ 10
V=

bt + c 10 < t ≤ d
b Find the values of a, b, c and d.
c Sketch the graph of V against t.

4 From a piece of wire 42 cm long, a length 10x cm is cut off and bent into a rectangle
whose length is one and a half times its width. The remainder is bent to form a square.
a State the area of the rectangle in terms of x.
b State the area of the square in terms of x.
c State the possible values for x.
d Find an expression for the total area, A cm2 , of the square and the rectangle.
e Sketch the graph of A against x.
f What is the maximum possible total area?
g If the combined area of the rectangle and the square is 63 cm2 , find their dimensions.

5 A stone is projected from a balcony as shown. y

The path is described by the equation
1
y = − (x + 10)(x − 20), x ≥ 0
10
where y metres is the height above the ground when the stone
has travelled x metres horizontally.
x
a What is the height of the stone at the point of the 0 Ground
projection?
b What is the horizontal distance travelled before the stone hits the ground?
c What is the maximum height reached by the stone?

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Revision 300 Chapter 8: Revision of Chapters 2–7

A rectangular block is 2 cm wider than it is high and twice as long as it is wide. Let

CAS
6
x cm be the height of the block.
a Find an expression for the total surface area, A cm2 , in terms of x.
b Find A if:
i x=1 ii x = 2
c Find the value of x if A = 190.
d Sketch the graph of A against x for suitable values of x.
e Find an expression for the volume, V cm3 , of the block in terms of x.
f If the volume of the block is 150 cm3 , find the value of x.
g If the volume of the block is 1000 cm3 , find the value of x.

7 A region is enclosed as shown. ym

a Find expressions for:
i A (m2 ), the area of the region in terms of x and y 10 m
ii P (m), the perimeter of the region in terms of x
and y.
xm
b i If the perimeter is 100 m, find A in terms of x. xm
ii What is the maximum area possible?
iii State the possible values for x.
iv Sketch the graph of A against x for these values.

8 The diagram shows a window with six xm

equal square panes divided by equally thick
timber framing. xm
a Write down the total area of the whole
ym
window in terms of x and y.
b Show that the total area of the dividing xm
wood is 7xy + 2y2 .
c The total area of glass is 1.5 m2 and the
total area of the dividing wood is 1 m2 .
i Find x. ii Find y.

9 A fountain is 5 metres high. Water is coming vertically out of the fountain. The function
which describes the height of a drop of water above the spout t seconds after leaving the
spout of the fountain is given by h(t) = −4.9t2 + 30t + 5.
a How high is the drop of water after 3 seconds?
b When will the drop be back at the height of the spout?
c Sketch the graph of the height of the drop above the fountain against time.
d If there is a little wind, the drop will not travel along a vertical line but its time in the
air will not be affected and h will still describe its height above the ground. How long
will it take for a drop of water to hit the ground?

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 8C Extended-response questions 301

Revision
10 A cleaner charges $30 per hour for work that takes up to 2 hours and then charges
$25 per hour for work after the first 2 hours, up to a maximum of 8 hours.
a Write the rule for a function that describes the total fee, $F, for work that takes the
cleaner t hours. (Assume a continuous model.)
b Sketch a graph of your function.
c Find the fee for work that takes the cleaner:
i 1.5 hours ii 2 hours iii 4.5 hours
d Suggest a new quadratic model for the cleaner’s fee that will result in the same fee
as the original model for work that takes 2 hours and for work that takes 8 hours.
(Assume a continuous model.)

A piece of wire 400 cm long is used to make the

CAS
11
12 edges of a cuboid with dimensions as shown.
a Find h in terms of x.
b Find the volume, V cm3 , in terms of x. x cm
c State the possible values for x. h cm
d Plot the graph of V against x on a CAS 2x cm
calculator for the domain determined in part c.
e State the values of x (correct to 3 decimal places) which will result in a volume of:
i 30 000 cm3 ii 20 000 cm3 .
f State the maximum volume (correct to 3 decimal places) and the corresponding value
of x.
g The cuboid is covered in paper.
i Find the surface area, S cm2 , of the cuboid in terms of x.
ii Find the maximum value of S and the value of x for which this occurs.
h Find the values of x for which S = V.

12 A parcel in the form of a rectangular block

is held together by three pieces of tape x cm
as shown.
The parcel has square ends with side
length x cm. The length of the parcel x cm
is y cm. The total length of tape is 500 cm. y cm
a i Find y in terms of x.
ii Find V, the volume of the parcel in cm3 , in terms of x.
b Draw the graph of V against x for suitable values of x.
c State the domain of this function.
d Find the values of x for which V = 25 000.
e Find the maximum volume of the parcel and the corresponding values of x and y.

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Revision 302 Chapter 8: Revision of Chapters 2–7

8D Investigations
For each of the following questions, there are different approaches and directions that you
can take. Suggestions are given, but you should develop your solution on an individual basis.

1 Iterating functions
1
Let f (x) = 1 + . Starting with the initial value 1, we can keep applying this function to
x
obtain a sequence of values:
f (1) = 2
(2) 3
f (1) = f ( f (1)) = f (2) = 2
f (3) (1) = f ( f (2) (1)) = f ( 32 ) = 5
3
Here the notation f (n) indicates that the function f has been applied n times.
a i Using a spreadsheet or a calculator, find f (1), f (2) (1), f (3) (1), . . . , f (10) (1).
ii Solve the equation x2 − x − 1 = 0. Give solutions correct to three decimal places.
Note that the equation x2 − x − 1 = 0 can be y
rearranged to
2
1
1+ = x i.e. f (x) = x 1.5
x
The ‘cobweb’ diagram shown may help you to 1
understand this process; the graphs are y = f (x) 0.5
and y = x.
1 x
b Repeat this process with f (x) = a + for 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
x
different values of a.
5
c Try using this method to solve x2 + 3x − 5 = 0 by iterating the function f (x) = .
x+3
Experiment with using different initial values and using different functions coming
from different rearrangements of the equation. Can you obtain both solutions?
d Investigate this method for other quadratic equations.

2 Parabolas
We start with the basic parabola y = x2 .
a The points A(3, 9) and B(−2, 4) lie on the parabola y = x2 . Find the y-axis intercept
of the line AB. Find and prove a general result which includes this special case.
b Again consider the points A(3, 9) and B(−2, 4) on the parabola. The line OA joins
the origin O to the point A. Draw the line through B parallel to OA, and find the
coordinates of the point where this line crosses the parabola again. Find and prove
a general result which includes this special case.
c Again consider A(3, 9). Describe the relationship between the midpoints of all the
line segments parallel to OA with both endpoints on the parabola.
d Now consider C(−4, 16) and D(0, 3). Find the coordinates of the point where the
line CD crosses the parabola again. Try to generalise this example.
1
e Investigate similar results for other parabolas such as y = x2 .
2

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 8D Investigations 303

Revision
3 Rectangular hyperbolas
1 1
a Prove that the graphs of y = and y = + 1 do not intersect.
x x−1
b Now consider the graphs of
1 1
y= and y = +k
x x−1
where k is a non-zero real number. Find the values of k for which:
i the graphs do not intersect
ii the graphs have one point of intersection
iii the graphs have two points of intersection.
c Now consider the graphs of
1 1
y= and y = +k
x x−k
where k is a non-zero real number. Find the values of k for which:
i the graphs do not intersect
ii the graphs have one point of intersection
iii the graphs have two points of intersection.
d Investigate similar questions for other types of graphs. For example:
i intersections of straight lines and circles
ii intersections of circles with circles
√
iii intersections of graphs of the form y = a x − h + k.

4 Flight distance
A plane takes off from Bendigo airport on a sight-seeing flight. The plane travels due
north for a certain distance and then travels due south back to Bendigo airport, where
it lands. Throughout the flight, the wind is blowing due south at a constant strength.
Assume that the plane can fly at a certain speed in still air and that it starts with enough
fuel to last a certain number of hours. What is the maximum total distance that the plane
can fly?
For example, consider the special case where the plane flies at 300 km/h in still air, it
has fuel for 4 hours and the wind speed is 50 km/h. (So the plane travels at 250 km/h on
the way out and at 350 km/h on the way back.)

5 Iterating functions: back to the beginning

As in Investigation 1, we use the notation f (n) to indicate that the function f has been
applied n times.
a For each of the following functions, find expressions for f (2) (x), f (3) (x), f (4) (x), . . .
and hence evaluate f (1010) (1010):
1 1−x 2x − 1
i f (x) = ii f (x) = iii f (x) =
1−x 1+x 1+x
ax + b
b Work with some functions of your own. They should be of the form f (x) = .
cx + d
Investigate other properties of this family of functions.

ISBN 978-1-009-11448-6 © Michael Evans et al 2022 Cambridge University Press

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