The Conic Sections ‘The purpose ofthis chap i to develop broader fanlority with the pas of lane ces that rst a grap gf equtions ofthe form AP + By t OF + Dx + By HF =O, o at eat one of A,B, and Cis nonme0,equtin (1) is refered to es the general ‘second ges easton in th two variables andy, We hve already examined one ‘special ese ofthis equation rater eaefully. WA= C0 and B= 0 the Ouation can be weten Baphartotsao, wher d= DIA, «= BIA. f= Fi. By copleting the sques in aed in y ‘uation can be troup io the sanded form forte eunon of el: GoW O- WAR, (See Seaion 1.2) a the folowing thee sections we shall see that if B= 0, the remaining ‘nondegenerate posible forthe graph of equation (1) relied to the parabola, the eps, or the hyperbola. The case 2 0 is handled in Sesion 14.4, where we ype A sccatiabeits ii i em spond el eft ! 1 inrpretation of thee ction Rather, we sll use the recalgues of analytic geomenry inthe place oalyz + "equation (1) ithe ease conesponding to each of these figures. - tet_Parttes vette —— aS At ' — ‘We begin withthe purely geometie defation of te'parabola. Apart is thst ofa gona in th plane ving eit fied Te € and ied pe (a on the be). ‘etsy cae eto ei te at nets “rect. Te line though the foes prpendicalae othe ee sleds nh of the parbola Wis easy see fom Defipen 2 thatthe poitV onthe axis dy wee the foray and dsc His oy the pambol. This pin ie called te vert of th parabola type parabola/tustating the requirement of Definition , eich in Figure Ll. AY Fecrnine te pen ane contgtes =§ 0 <1 the sph of pra pkion the pablo plane S. "tivated hat the fcu Fe at he poet (Oe " a lec ten has equation ¢: y= ~c. The number ¢, representing sistance from the vertex 1 the focus, is refered to asthe focal Rngthof th parabola. i * ‘&Now let P= (s,)) be any point onthe parabola, and let Q be te pot on nearetP. Then Q = (rc) ad the discern Po ithe sre whe tare . fom P to Q, Using the distace formula we ean stat the requiremen|s® ds © © Definition 1 as ard VET FG= Gt = VERIO, VEFORF = yt.‘eugene rein Fee 2 wetne ede > 8 Hon cla on ths sumpio, a0 equation (1) ease val i e< OU ‘partola pens inthe neptive ject (eve Figures [32° JREMARK The above demenstation shows tha any point x9) saieying the {geome ic srion of Dfintion I sass the algebraic onion equation (I). {a Beercse 39 you are aed to show te convese—ih ay pit.) stil the algebra coon (1) no sais the geomet contion of Defston 1 S__ Fora paratola wih vertex a (0,0), the ais any He along fe axis rahe than ' ‘he sri. his cave the fous is inbelled (0), the diecatx nx —C, and the j stement of Dein 1 that | VE=F FORT = VEEP IO : ‘uch simplifies fo the equation | poten red, @ (See Figure 1.5) Exuaton (2) i the sndard form forthe parabola with vertex a {0.0 and focos on the was, fe > 0, the parabola opens inthe positive ines> \ ‘Son W.e-€0 it opens in fe negnve sirecton igure 1.0). romts mace a Mawes Paden < Hes orem: ~ “he eaetin 2+ By = Oey be ie i form a Bene ee FFL, 2D cemapentig to ection (1). irgwh is hrf a pantola wit ene (0), with foal length = ~2, and opening ia the negative pdieton ls focus fea eee 19 ato mt. (0.2) oe Figure 1.7). Tea Se ing the Parabola CexaMPLe 2 fret neon == Cant ten in emteptin ey pete ok Ins graph i a parabola opening inthe postive x-direction with vertex (0.0) fea engin ¢ = 1/2, and focus (1/2, 0) Figure 18) = Powe sade, PAEInES conan Rate maRH VARESE inet neragereesrcoc may seiareantine laa ar aoe eens Sree msi ; tse cso tec oa a ° sccordng equation (1). Combining equation (4) with subsisions (3) we con- lode that, Amd reyek Ge—m= dey roy tenon at prt oe ee Si aang : Tamla any nth verte a (hb, ocak ‘equation 2) and auto © | omar ecu Sedna | 1s the stondard form for the equation of the parabola with vrix a (ht focal length cand ails parallel 0 the aie Awe the eas fr equations of circles in Seton 1.2 the weal webu for \Selyzing te quaton of parabola iso complete be quae fr if seco an ‘then to bring te relting equation ito the form of equation (5) oF equi (,: OEXAMPLE 3 Desribe the graph of the equa = DP er +, ‘sraagy wee sente ently he form oe eunon as The equation has the form of equation (6) with ‘Batt equtin (6) ha? and bt, Soc the pros opens inthe x so the graph is a parabola with aie parallel to the ats. Since 6 = 4c, we have Ht Pabols 70 EXAMPLE 5. ¥y Find the equation of the parabola with decir y = ~2 and focus F= (2,3) ‘ohtlon Since the axl lies perpendicular othe direct, the axe paralle! th ‘ais. The standard equation forte parabola is therefore tha of eaten (3). Since ‘the vertex ies midway between te rect and the focus te vere hs coon ate (2,~2 +465 = (~2)) = (2.3/2). Thus, B= 2 and k= 3/2 Soc the di tance from the focus tothe veriex i 5 ~ 3/2 = 7/2, the oc lengih ise = 1/2 The esiged equation is therefore ieton we have = 3/2. The verex is (~2, 1) the focal length ie 3/2, the ans is y= i and the = 2 AQ - 3D. Wee = 0.8, \ fps. (112.1) (sce Figure 1.10). . ; oe feel ng = + « Brkt * « | tee Aweokix = ee wg r aectin Properis nimoran spleen f prt soon om he calle tat en orrarapoue My Wign ies tne stir be mpl sete abe ae alone ndoup tbo use espe a ate A) a eet ett Kom ie ue fesse su Pale i fern ¢ Gigue ident rece 30, “Thun yf tight pal wo the ars of «publ ees wilt 6 Pa tated ea te ao be paste Cigme 2) Mis poop wed ‘ecngwlacope ore prs eyo et om ese need Tpauinlc miner twine yep needle es, The ae ine ple 4 (2%) Misa wich we peed man of pele relecng "Buca i “Tse pops cease pans ip of stile heaton By ar placing the bulb at the focus of a parabolic mizror, one ensures that the | of fake wl ene ee hada prs the sue fe parol mi? Ran ise y~ tF6er EKAMPLE easton ae ° et es om gh fr he pa gti { = = SS ees ee KOK TESS bye t Sieve a © i sreng-a-0 oe Boe 2 om es 2 Copy ue eb aig -arqse—3~ Pm 2 Renin pe Pe ae pt sforeiner eee, ee STpivpmae ce” Srlicdaanen ome nae te “ ern enrd ——— 5 ye erro Omen f) = * io P< ren Exercise Sot 14.1 Ly em oe ei Ts ton a ee frm eution 8 wh ge wnt aes age dea eR RAR wana ama 5 bed ke cw 3 why=3} aR Ro-wawy-D eA RGHA atte et 2) gh nem =e nes» A= 3a he ee ons At g-2 nary O- we Rereesoatrarmmtcscapmenty-cameg | aSecates US ere rae LR Pa tn 720 Mtb eeTee =204 Chap The Coie Seine Ae Md tmae Desi sH0 yay eeDH0 WF ey—atba0 yee 3H Em “ees 21-27 fn an eution for the pola wih he sed poe. 2. Vere (0,0) an foes (0.3) 22 Vee (1.2) an foe (1,2, 23, Vertex (1,3) and dimerie y= 8. « 24, Foew (1,1) an de 25, Foca (3,6) ek wee 1, ~6 26 Vere (0.0 and ince ==? FF nats 20; deenic y= ~3, sn cong he point on 2% Sue «procaar for aang te ggh «pba a coring Definition I mening ut Jou we gen ‘Stag at you an ee oly tr ed compen 29. Te chord hough he foc of «pnt pent to eins eae he nts rece te pos oe i 16) Prove a fe ng of he cin 4 pe ‘ts rj hr fc ge ‘The geomenic Wtnton of the elie ie the folowing ‘An elise isthe st ofall points the pane the sum of whose stances fom two Ince er fn fra tbe an ed ‘pola Lng 1.12 1h ng ed tween he get at Pode lie € tough F pre ao he arabe ‘ithe le fomel tween one at aed oe toe sgt om Poteet Foe tao = Bin \Consacw oordte syatenwith iin atthe arte of he Dole and exe € tough Pw he dct Alsd ‘ex ine through Fperenielrthe nget tl itnterects € What on you sow bo he an famed ini ony 2. Prove hatte graph of be sed degre eguton Ae Ray +O +e y+ POO is panto wit ai parler the oF pie Shiner B20 nt Goer A= OCD HO oF Cond, ene ‘3 nd hae of hereon ude the raph fy = ps) tnd the ari if the pag oy = Ue pba wih fore at be egal cen y= 2 {34 indie vue ofthe sol baie revolving aot te ‘pase he wes of he reson banded Oy te pt wd ‘bola wi vere (1.0) and eee Fm 3/2 35 Fd he ae of the gin ound the ai dt ‘Penola wih veneer) ed donee = Find he vole of sald tnd by revolving abou he ‘Fant replon bounded byte sie nd he pase ‘ith fos (,4) and deo x= 137, adhe average au, onthe terval (0,5. of te fncton fee pun be pata wats foes C23) ed veer ‘3, Fad the ae of te rin bounded by the graph of the ‘nonin Ene 3 td he ae = 3 139, Show ta if «pat (3) sie th eqn 2 = hoy fen that te proper as tance tom te eect [y= ~cogas fm date om he oes (,¢). Ths ay in ayng th alpen coditon = yor pa 1 ao satis the geome conion of Defnton 1 fired points is constant Fe, eto fat pin Deion 20 refered th fol ote eine, We ay interpret Definition 2 by imagining a length of string wha eds ae ied to two, lacks driven into a fat surface. The tacks represent the foc If penil is held ne 2 “Tecieg ot eipe re 22 pe in 2 Te ty, gaint he surface asi Figure 2-30 that the sing i ep tu he Fgue ‘ut by the posible locations forthe peel tp amelie Thi lsbecaue the ‘tthe distances ofthe pene ip fom the fol equa the lash of be string. {s consumo Sp “To cermin he equation for he elipee, we conta x oot ston ate or or the ellipse are loeated at pots Fy = (~€0 0d Fy = (6.0) (1 ure 2.2). We let P= (x) be an arbitrary point on the elise, and we let dy ane ‘oe the ditnces fom P to and from P to Fy respectively. The toniton the ‘en the lips i that dy + equal constant which we ket be Za. Note ‘we must have @> since the distance between the foci i 2c.) ‘Using the distance formula, we can now write the rqakement of Definition — a, 4ay= 0, - ~~ : VETOTR VE “To simplify this equation we move the second oe ighhand side w square both sides, We obeaia a 0) ae) teh + eat ae FEE oz ‘After the squared terms ae-expandcd his simplifies a Dee mite? ~ Aa VEAP TP ~ ex PP ~ VERTED een Secing bo ss auin ves Peo + net aera, (2 yet Hat = ate — od, ‘ ‘To simplify (1), we define the constant by beveae ‘Subttatng (2) ito (1) then gives Ore Equation (3) is the standard form forthe equation ofthe ellipse with cent (0,0) and foci on the sass. (The center of an ellipse isthe midpoit ofthe Segment joining the fc. fn Exercise 39 you are asked to show the eowerse— 2, fot sting etaion (3) aso mses te pomette Sed" The geometry acid with eatin (3 worth stows ht de merry ofthe le ae #= se (ce en jung he pins (0) and a0) 1 fre Yo lp. engi eT prea, he majoras of wipe te ‘Seting += Osi (3) shows hat they ietereps ae y = 8, Thelin pment {eins (0) at (8) i ead the minora of ‘More see the mine aig of a lip i hecho hough he csr and penendceler to Ge anise Fire 24 isrates the lips dt rests if te foc re ete slong the spat (0,0) and at (0, eh Te equation descting ie lips magpe developed Jur ax forte pevous cae fTomeve, i rwch sper ote in ping Serene Ree pened Set t Pe " Z+E-. | aya Seanad fom forthe eto of te lip with cee (0.0) and fot long the yi = “Seem ecanon (4 that te coolant ol represents af the lng ofthe ‘nis sis and at ip again fall the longh of the mina ase. For eer ‘austen or equation (the eet Bevean te oiin a fea fond by selvng geeion G) fre en VaR. ey fees ce ce beste eh le in —. Satten Tee egation has th form of eqeton (1) wit 69 4, = 9. Tas, Dun and a= 3. Te figure ie 30 elipe wit centr at (6,0), ith nora eri end of imgis 2a 6, and with minor aie of legih 25 = 4, From ‘putin (5) we Hind atc = VE =~ VE 00 te oe ae acted at (0, V5) snd (G=V5) (re Figure 25), = £0 EXAMPLE 2 Desert the gph of te equation 432 + 168 64 = 0 - Saleen To tring te qustion into standard frm, we move the cnsant tn to ‘he right and divide hot sides by this constant, We obtain 4s? 16p* = 6 50 SrS é aed By seting y= 0, we obsin the xintecepts, = 2, The enpoits of the jor ‘sae terete (nO) and (4 0) Seng ~ O gives the imreps, y= 2 flips ts lenp in 2 = ‘Translating he Elise ‘The endgoins af he minor ani are (0,2) a (0, ~2) Sie th pn oh feof eqoatin (3), wit a= 4a b~ 2, we have fh cquaen (3) hat = arm Fm VEE. The fon we therfore (2712.0) (ise 20) . han iawn a Fm 28 a0? + 1678640 eect ‘When te ceter ofan lpia thepoit A,X) ates hana the eiin me can lye ts graph by Ft ransaing the coorise aed by the sbslutns Kosch and Yay—t AGipe 20. © ‘casas InxY-coosiates, the cer ofthe eps es atthe origin fhe major ais of ‘be elipse is prael tothe eas, be equation of the lige in XY-coordinates Oy ution 3) = o708 Gap 24 mac cate fom: ~ ‘ind he equation fr the i a oe fe equation (6), we concude that © Ss the standard form of the eguation forthe elpe with center (Kad major ss parallel tothe ass. tn (8) the constant a epee Half he length ofthe major ans wile bis a the length of te, minor axis. Silly, —<——_____ +25P a aoe © ste standard form of the equton forthe elie wil cetera (kK). wth malor <2 porte othe yas end of lng 2a, and with marae of length 2b For elierequson (f) or equation (9), he saver betwen he center of he clips and iter fens i given bye in equation (3) OeumrLes : Describe the graph of te eqpaion BE 4 oP ieem sy tera 48+ 98 ~ 168 Sey +61 2 4G2 4494 96-6 +9) 401-1681 40-27 +90 39°36. “The equasion ie therfore uvalent 10 4-27 + 99-3 #36, +e ¥ = ‘Tie equitin has the form of equation (8) with = 2, = 3, ¢=3, b= 2, and = VE ~ B= V5.The paphis an lpn with outer 23), hj sx patel, {the sani and of length = 6, and nor axe of kngth 2b 8. Pook a ot Q=Vi,3) and 2+'V5.3). Te graph appete in Figure 28. = L ove with centr (~4, 3), wit nr ais fle 6 and vith fot a (4:3 8) Sattn Jo toe om he center ofthe ipso oe af he fc ine = 4 The lee of he miner aso 28208 3 Ta, byegaion 3), Patera Pees, won KX or eS Reflecting Propery of Eipses M2 The Eiger 7 5. Als, h= —# and k= 3 are the coordinates ofthe emer. Sine the mish ‘ais is vote, we wee equation 3) v0 wate one, o- a cr LoS ag wr VK moe uee® In Bercise 32 you ae asked wo show thatthe ys PF and PF, from a pont? on snllpe to the fac, make eq angler with the ne unget to tellipa at P (ne Figure 210) Applying the physical aya the angle of incidence equal the mle ofreesion we eee tot a) Fg or ac mae ents fe focus Fy oft slpcal elstig surface, i wil be reflected ough the scone ‘ocus Visors fo the ated States Capitol Bulag hear les of jst such « Phenomenon. Inthe Saya when congresimen wer seated on the oa beneath the. eautfeyelifies?dome, the unforansa plicinn seated at a fonusvsked lovey whispered sees the stern Seated atte othe focus (28 Figure 2.11) as GED R28 a= BirTiate ogsnt ite cle a? Fer 211 ein op ey ipensHHO Gag, 1 The Cave Seions Exercisa Set {Ste te aga th mor end minor mess te Barer aer C5 88+ 1p 489~0 Peete) 6 Fs 1-0 94a Hay 10, serra says =25 41 9 vay =e By Pe aay) = 3 + aty 4 = M283 eq —an ine 16 4 say nant tay seo a Beer (7-28, fi Oe ein fr lips wit he 1 Center ot (95 aor eno eng 1 mia eis of Sogo dios or san mine a of ene 2 ci a, =VBj, minor ss fh 2. 21, Foc a (5) an 1h, mor tf len 22 Comers. ~6) frien. “3. an (Bh. major eit tee 0 23, Foc a (2.9 ad (2.9, minora erg 24 ind he he elon enn by he gs 28. 28 ln Se elute id oie by cing st Se en int it une nnd p Se ipa ae voy = as : 26, Find volan fold and by ming st he (Pa veo en Exes 3 1 Doma be change ene he ips ap Festa se «Diss cg nh tuo ei soon oe *muemrnsyo APACS Det et PHD ‘esercorg pin recline Wenn on ie St Coste equi fora ise yao, Use pa tstow tt nition eth ne megane ‘8 Bap or lige en) cab writen ge + iy a8 = 0, 32, Use te et of Exe 310 pve at ile FP Si wage Fir a 21 Cc 2. Ra th equion othe ot ol points te wa of hese (nace om 3) md DTD 24. nd we ation fore a ofl plets wwe dence ‘he poi (0) whale def ney = 35 Finite vel he slid bine by svn bot ‘Po he intone bye clips Na? y= a 143. The type 71 ‘hat i te reap betwen graph of i foci td th clipes ith enon Ds? Fs a 28 Show tha if 7 84 pit whe coroner ty MA. 10/ Jong wie nk as he sage of » elie wih ‘hip cnt pce Th ee pr hove jr aes or 180 The ak fl te sede In poping the ‘wns om gh ave Ine tp oe a 27. Fn he awe ae 36 he aki oy Bah 3K Site min rd ng of he tion ‘hare tum of tne rom fos (0) ad Sincere ne 4.3 The Hyperbota ‘A forthe praboa and te oie, we bopa wid the geometric dion of the hyperbola and then develop the eocesponing equations ‘A hyperbola ie the st of all pian te plane the difeene of whose stances Detnion3 from peo Bed pon ies cons “To inert Deion 2, welt Fant denote the two fed pine elle - {cf te pte ond we lat deer the conan iferene inthe Sten, Then 3 oid P is on the bypeboln pier <{P. Fi) ~ dl, Fi) = & oF PF) — EP, i) = Gee Figure 3). ~ | de wr pon sone ype AF) AAD =h PF) AP EI ‘To determine dhe equaioas forte hyperbola, we conse a psi ofsycoordi- ‘es so thatthe foc ar aed at F, = (28,0) and = (0) gue 3.2). (Qe refer othe pois of he ine sepment FF sh center of hyperbola £0 he centri ths ease he exigin) Lat P= (3) bea pont onthe hyperbola, ad Jet 26 = & be the constant flac eered to in Defiiion 3. Then Pon the ypebola and aly if Wer.) — er, Fl = 20,‘Goper Te Cane Secon que 33. Te hype ¢ ee = ore 24 Réaioaips ame he Using he tance formal and he sat, wecan rie i NETSER- EFTTA At, coe » By squcing toh sides of this equation an smpifing, jst a8 we Si in ‘Section 13 forth ele, we san bain he standard form of he gun for th Iyperbole with center a (0,0) ad oom the si : ba vere a capt ofthe ypebola x= a Te pois V; = (m2, 0) and Vy = (0,0) ae called te verlex of te Dyer fern (By sting ¥= 0 you will obser tat the graph of egution (2) hat no piercer Thr oberon wil ep yout determine wheierthe fo! of ven pena long the sexe song the ae) ‘in grphing equation (2) 1 ell 9 not thatthe fines y= (ble ae zpmptar or the raph of egution 2). The mesne ht he poi on te paph of the hyperbol appouch he Ines y= =(/ab as of» Tse this we solve 2) = pean Erie ate, VET = 1, equnton (3) hows se ® gash 8 sas fr sym oe gph of eatn (2) ne Figs 33) Isis won noting the gore sincnnce of bia equation (2). arcane isconsmcie with vrieal ies passing though the erties (~2, 0) a (0,0 od whorl ie using ph poi (0,0) ant) gra ok this ectangle pss tough (0,0 ad have slope ‘=bfa gure 3.4) Thus the seympces () maybe skoched by extnting the dgonls of his rectangle. Alo be sind equation inline (2) may be saved for eto give c= “+P. Thus; c may be interred ns the eagth of he hypotenuse of oe of the eh ges ied y Be gia secre at 7S. (ey es ao eo conn 4 Fi Ste the typerboia SLE v4 ete Solon This ection has the form of equation (2) wih a = 3 and b= 2. The veres are therefore Vy (3.0) and Vs (3,0) and te asymprotes are (3) The graph appene in Figure 3.3. = 1 he fei ofa hyperbola ie along the yaxis a F, = (0,6) and Fy = (0, ~ Werf) = dP. = 20 becomes VET OFE - VES GHA = 2, ° “which simplifies othe stoned form of he equation forthe hyperbola with ence 12° (0.0) ond foc along the yoie Zoe. pevaza =e. Shp BES ‘Asin ta peviou eae, ——— aloe for be somes: co) (See Figue 16) [REMARK _ simple way t aid confsion in wking it equations and (8) forthe asyoptotes associ wih the sand orm fo alypetbaa ito note that ecules eqs by lig be ene ghd ef he sndye MUA Chayert, 14 The’ Conie Sections: vy Pein deat, LEM gal ae oorxaMrur> ig Oe PX Graph the hyperbola 25x79 a aasma CC Foy A See ee = g-2 ‘is cqnion bse fam eqn (wih = and = 3.59 (9) ey sos) = 51/3} The veer a (0c) =RO.Sband@, =) = (0-3) He Tandategetypeoe Naeem anpchch tela ntetna tO, wemaniens ff Kernh ad Pay-k o te ale epee tea anh te ta nena, rrr { wor AA £-5 a sn ees gmp | owe “agate restx Lay : Ow my wc at op exe Ton snd oT cies ris pl a LaF | p {nthe standard form ofthe equaion forthe hyperbola with center th) and foc ‘a line paced to the sans: The syne fr is hyperbola se a Desc the yap fe hype t6cr+ 37-4 ~ 2 64, eieloaem {non Diving bah sides by 6 sows tha he stndadfoon forthe hyperbola Siac, the standard form of he equ forthe hyperbola with center et, a ea es eee oot ‘is guton asthe frm of gation 12) wth = ~3, 8 2, 4 = 2.8 = 4,408 “+= Val = 25, The peta eee hy ener {3,2 ver 2a (1,2, fl ("3 = 2V4,0 and (-3 + 2V5, shades ™ igre 48 Graph fhe ution Tens aga aP eh ee = re hase00 ose If The Coie Sections sie is owamre Ones 6 U/ & Lars Decsbe te grpsottempatin SYS NY ike ea een eee Socata sassy ice 25 ~ YF 9+ 3 = 225, o-m ws, 2 eS his eunton hash for feito (14) wid = aod en vies Visa eh upon ih c(i, vet (—3, -2) and (—3, 4), foci (~3, /34) and (—3, 1 + 'V34), and asyenptores pie aes meni a AY Se t ¥ or $eeeOd in ios 31-27 ft a Se roe ; 2. lat (-20 ad 2.0, vr 10). 22 Reb 0.5.29, wen 9 ao 2, Verio (4 and (0) seapotery=2 2 2 24 Foss (3,0) and 3.0, spo y 25 Fos at (5,2) wd 2, stmt = 2 = 2260+ 26 Cees he vn one vee (4, td eng te pS Malad = 640 namo rein 28, e998 bp Sat By +19 =O 10, 167 ~ 48 ~32y~Be 32-0 7 Co ain ve vr (0, an nef ML 96 = 478 = 36e~ 249 ~ 36-0 Ba gpa tare? GAnopas set -9p ~ Jor 2s 2%, Find an equon forte tine tngeat othe Iyer et 16 tm he ptt Linen ote 29. Wat popes bo te gg fe pia 144914 ae vaya stn 7 . 1s 2 == aVEe + V6 art 1638-994 6e— my = ‘ot scope 22 contuene 2 = 2h ae commen? 17 162 = 2598+ 6c + 1509 = 361 SPP airbag +230 19, 9° ~ tae ~ 1259 1a 18 20. 47) 16y 840+ 1 3, Show te eget 0 te rp of te Hypo DPS a att pn Gang) bs ape nots, cn ; 231 Using the tof Gere 9, fd he auton rte ine {angn toe pop of ie! yt =a" tt point 2 Sy he ini A a sd hve 14 Ran of Anes 717 23, A chor of hype rough fuser he ‘rinip ai ll atu eta Sw gh ss etn 2. Fin an pation frie peta ith xt atthe Tos eto of leg 20 aoe ves (0.8) 3% Show tat ay point (9 sashing eetion (2) sis M24 OP 4 Det By +P =O te peomeie cio of Definton 3 ‘sider wo nesetng ies 8 hypo. What con an on coef ing te ero cases? Rotation of A spl we lave cued guile cod deus on Ast + Bry + OP + Dr+ Ey +F =0 0 excipt hse involving a 9 ena is eon we comple ht csi by ‘Sosdrng 8 = O can On enzeterig sch apenas uale ‘Sang of als trom x9) coon o-oo a ene cords equ (1) eons wo 7 te. “Te simpat change of van ta complies sapicion isa roadonof te sates touhan angle Ate wecnsetbew "and es ‘sting the x and yuaereoemrockvs trough apne pit P wih _peeorintes (as #y-coonat piven y i exits = dees es yn dsing. a, here die the stance fam he oigin Ot P and pi the angle beeen OF andthe ois (Figure 4.0, ‘Sima, we can expres the o.cordites of? ea deaOt oo y= dsings + 0). oy ‘Using the alan lava fr sine andeasin we ean combine equation (2) ad (3) 10 cbr the uations sEdlcoOcon—in Dang =v co O~¥ sin’) y= disin Ocos + cos @ sin g) = x’ sin B+ "cos 8. (4) Saving hi om for an’ woken Ferd + yin® oo yoenssind + yeond oo Sepeope 2 ng ations (al (ee pc eth fms 9 pe ting at tc ee a ia et ee Soe arma ieee {te rele to he ay Souris by " utnee ead 2(C~ A) sin Bos 8+ Bos? 0~ sit 6),