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9 views

Notes+3.1

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chendarten0904
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MA112 Precalculus Algebra Sri Chilukuri

Section Chapter 3
Date Section 3.1
Activity 13 Polynomial Functions and Models

Polynomial Function
A polynomial function P is given by

Where the coefficients an, an - 1, …, a1, a0 are real numbers and the exponents n, n-1, n-2, n-3…….. are
whole numbers ( not fractions or negative numbers.

The graph of every polynomial function is both


smooth and continuous. By _____________we
mean that the graph contains no sharp corners or
cusps; by __________________we mean that the
graph has no gaps or holes and can be drawn
without lifting your pencil from the paper. See
Figures (a) and (b).

The domain of a polynomial function is

___________________________

The first nonzero coefficient ___________is called


the leading coefficient

The last term ________ is called the constant term


The degree of the polynomial function is
______________ (Should be whole number)

The term ____________is called the leading term

A polynomial function is in _____________________


if the polynomial that defines the function is written in
descending order of degree.
Example:
Example 1
Determine whether the following function is a polynomial. If it is a polynomial function state, the following and if
it is not tell why not. Write the polynomial in standard form. Then Identify the leading term and constant term
6−x
4
1
i) gx= ii) gx=2− 3
5 x

a) It’s a Polynomial: _________________ a) It’s a Polynomial: _________________


Degree of Polynomial Degree of Polynomial
It’s not polynomial : Reason It’s not polynomial : Reason
_______________________________ _______________________________

b)Polynomial in standard form is b)Polynomial in standard form is


___________________________ ___________________________

c) Leading Term : _______________________ c) Leading Term : _______________________

d) Leading Coefficient: _________________ d) Leading Coefficient: _________________

e) Constant Term: ________________ e) Constant Term: ________________

Properties

f ( x)  xn ,
n is an Even Integer n is an odd Integer
1. f is an even function, so its graph is 1. f is an odd function, so its graph is symmetric
symmetric with respect to the ________ with respect to the _________
2. The domain is the set of all ____________ 2. The domain and the range are the set of all
The range is the set of _____________________
___________________ 3. The graph always contains the points
3. The graph always contains the points (−1, 1), (−1, −1), (0, 0), and (1, 1).
(0, 0), and (1, 1). 4. As the exponent n increases in magnitude,
4. As the exponent n increases in magnitude, the graph is steeper when x < −1 or x > 1, but
the graph is steeper when x < −1 or x > 1; but for x near the origin, the graph tends to flatten
for x near the origin, the graph tends to flatten out and lie closer to the x-axis.
out and lie closer to the x-axis.
The Leading-Term Test

Example 2

Example3:

Finding Zeros of Factored Polynomial Functions


If c is a real zero of a function (that is, f (c) = 0), then (c, 0) is an x-intercept of the graph of the function.
Number of Zeros
If P(x) is a polynomial function of degree n, the graph of the function has:
 at most _________ real zeros, and thus at most ________x-intercepts;
 at most __________ turning points.
(Turning points on a graph, also called relative maxima and minima, occur when the function changes from
decreasing to increasing or from increasing to decreasing.)
Multiplicity
If (x  c)k, k  1, is a factor of a polynomial function P(x) and (x  c)k + 1 is not a factor, then ________ is called a
zero of multiplicity k of f.*
If
 k is odd, then the graph ______________ the x-axis at (c, 0);
 k is even, then the graph is __________________ or __________the x-axis at (c, 0)

Example 4:
a) Form a polynomial whose zeros and Form a polynomial whose zeros and degree are
degree are given given
Zeros : - 5, -3, 3, 4 ; Degree 4 Zeros : -2 multiplicity 1; -3 multiplicity 2 ;
Degree 3

Steps to analyzing Graph a Polynomial Function


1. Use the leading-term test to determine the end behavior.

2. Find the zeros of the function by solving f (x) = 0. Note any real zeros are the first coordinates of
the x-intercepts.

3 Find multiplicity of the zeros. Use the information to determine whether the graph crosses or
touches the x-axis at each x- intercept.

4. Determine the maximum number of turning points on the graph of the functions.

5.Use the x-intercepts (zeros) to divide the x-axis into intervals and choose a test point in each
interval to determine the sign of all function values in that interval.

6.Find f (0). This gives the y-intercept of the function.

7. Use the information in steps 1 to 6 to draw a complete graph of the function. Find additional points
on the graph on each side of the x- axis
Example 5:
Practice Example

Examples of polynomial graphs Examples of non- polynomial graphs

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