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3 views

4 Matplotlib

Uploaded by

bhanupriya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Matplotlib?

Matplotlib is a low-level graph plotting library in python that serves as a visualization utility.

Matplotlib was created by John D. Hunter.

Matplotlib is open source and we can use it freely.

Matplotlib is mostly written in python, a few segments are written in C, Objective-C and
JavaScript for Platform compatibility.

Matplotlib Pyplot:
Pyplot:

Most of the Matplotlib utilities lies under the pyplot submodule, and are usually imported
under the plt alias:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

Now the Pyplot package can be referred to as plt.

Matplotlib Plotting:

Plotting x and y points:

The plot() function is used to draw points (markers) in a diagram.

By default, the plot() function draws a line from point to point.

The function takes parameters for specifying points in the diagram.

Parameter 1 is an array containing the points on the x-axis.

Parameter 2 is an array containing the points on the y-axis.

If we need to plot a line from (1, 3) to (8, 10), we have to pass two arrays [1, 8] and [3, 10] to
the plot function.

Example:

Draw a line in a diagram from position (1, 3) to position (8, 10):

import matplotlib. Pyplot as plt


import numpy as np

xpoints = np.array([1, 8])


ypoints = np.array([3, 10])

plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints)
plt.show()
Result:

Plotting Without Line:

To plot only the markers, you can use shortcut string notation parameter 'o', which means
'rings'.

Example:

Draw two points in the diagram, one at position (1, 3) and one in position (8, 10):

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np

xpoints = np.array([1, 8])


ypoints = np.array([3, 10])
plt.plot(xpoints, ypoints, 'o')
plt.show()
Result:

Matplotlib Markers:

Markers:

You can use the keyword argument marker to emphasize each point with a specified marker:

Marker Reference:

You can choose any of these markers:

Marker Description

'o' Circle

'*' Star

'.' Point
',' Pixel

'x' X

'X' X (filled)

'+' Plus

'P' Plus (filled)

's' Square

'D' Diamond

'd' Diamond (thin)

'p' Pentagon

'H' Hexagon

'h' Hexagon

'v' Triangle Down

'^' Triangle Up

'<' Triangle Left

'>' Triangle Right

'1' Tri Down

'2' Tri Up

'3' Tri Left

'4' Tri Right

'|' Vline

'_' Hline

Format Strings fmt:

You can also use the shortcut string notation parameter to specify the marker.

This parameter is also called fmt, and is written with this syntax:

marker|line|color

Line Reference:

Line Syntax Description


'-' Solid line

':' Dotted line

'--' Dashed line

'-.' Dashed/dotted line

Color Reference:

Color Syntax Description

'r' Red

'g' Green

'b' Blue

'c' Cyan

'm' Magenta

'y' Yellow

'k' Black

'w' White

Marker Size:

You can use the keyword argument markersize or the shorter version, ms to set the size of the
markers:

Marker Color:

You can use the keyword argument markeredgecolor or the shorter mec to set the color of the
edge of the markers:

You can use the keyword argument markerfacecolor or the shorter mfc to set the color inside
the edge of the markers:

Example:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import numpy as np

ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])

plt.plot(ypoints, 'x--r', ms = 50, mec = 'r', mfc = 'b')


plt.show()

label, title, grid:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np
ypoints = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])
plt.plot(ypoints, 'x--r', ms = 50, mec = 'r', mfc = 'b')
plt.title("Sports Watch Data")
plt.xlabel("A")
plt.ylabel("B")
plt.grid()
plt.show()

Matplotlib Bars:

Creating Bars:
With Pyplot, you can use the bar() function to draw bar graphs:

Example :

Draw 4 bars:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np

x = np.array(["A", "B", "C", "D"])


y = np.array([3, 8, 1, 10])

plt.bar(x,y)
plt.show()
Result:

Matplotlib Pie Charts:

Creating Pie Charts


With Pyplot, you can use the pie() function to draw pie charts:

Example:

A simple pie chart:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np

y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])

plt.pie(y)
plt.show()
Result:

Example:(for color and lables of pie chart)

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np
y = np.array([35, 25, 25, 15])
mylabels = ["Apples", "Bananas", "Cherries", "Dates"]
mycolors = ["black", "hotpink", "b", "#4CAF50"]
plt.pie(y, labels = mylabels, colors = mycolors)
plt.show()
Result:

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