1. What is the World Wide Web (WWW), and how does it work?

Explain its basic concept and its

functions.
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a global network of interconnected websites and web pages that
allow users to access information over the internet. It is built on the concept of hypertext, which
allows the linking of documents and media files. The Web enables users to browse websites, view
content, and interact with various forms of media like text, images, and videos.
How it works:
• The process starts when you type a website's URL into the browser.
• Your browser sends a request over the internet to the web server that holds the website.
• The server sends back data in the form of HTML files, images, CSS files, etc.
• Your browser then interprets and displays this data on your screen.
The Web makes use of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) for structuring the content, CSS
(Cascading Style Sheets) for designing, and JavaScript for interactive elements.

2. What are Web Browsers? How do they work, and what are some examples of commonly used
web browsers?
A web browser is a software application that allows users to retrieve, view, and interact with
websites on the internet. Browsers interpret the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code to present web
content in a user-friendly way.
How they work:
• When you enter a URL into the browser's address bar, the browser sends a request to the
web server hosting the website.
• The server sends back the required files (like HTML and images), and the browser renders
and displays them as a webpage on your screen.
• Browsers also allow you to interact with the website, navigate between pages, or even
download files.
Examples of commonly used web browsers:
• Google Chrome: Known for its speed, security features, and user-friendly interface.
• Mozilla Firefox: Popular for its privacy features and customizability.
• Safari: The default browser for Apple devices.
• Microsoft Edge: The default browser for Windows operating systems, based on Chromium.

3. What is a Search Engine, and how does it help users find information on the web? Give
examples of popular search engines.
A search engine is a tool that helps users find information on the internet by searching through a
vast index of websites and providing relevant results based on keywords.
How it helps:
• When you type a query into a search engine, it searches through a large database of indexed
websites and returns the most relevant results.
• Search engines use algorithms to rank websites based on relevance, authority, and quality,
ensuring that the best websites appear first.
Popular examples of search engines:
• Google: The most widely used search engine, known for its fast, relevant, and
comprehensive results.
• Bing: Microsoft's search engine, which offers unique features like image search and
integration with other Microsoft products.
• Yahoo: A search engine that also provides news, email, and other web services.
• DuckDuckGo: A privacy-focused search engine that does not track or store users' personal
data.
4. What is Downloading? Explain the process of downloading files from the internet.
Downloading is the process of transferring files from a remote server on the internet to your local
device, such as a computer, smartphone, or tablet.
Process:
• You click on a file link on a website or use a download manager.
• The browser sends a request to the server hosting the file.
• The server sends the file back to your device, where it is saved in a specific location (such as
the "Downloads" folder).
• Once the file is downloaded, you can open or use it as needed.
Example: Downloading software like a game or a document (such as a PDF) from the internet.

5. Explain Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP). What role does it play in web communication?
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the standard communication protocol used for transferring
data over the web. It defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and it allows browsers to
request and receive web pages from servers.
Role:
• HTTP is a request-response protocol where a client (browser) sends a request to the server,
and the server responds with the requested content.
• It is crucial for the functioning of the web, as it ensures the smooth exchange of data
between the client and server.
• HTTP is used to fetch HTML files, images, scripts, and other resources.
When data is sent using HTTP, it is usually not encrypted, which is why HTTPS (secure HTTP) is often
used for secure communication, especially for online transactions.

6. What is a URL? Describe its structure and how it is used to access websites.
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the web address used to access a specific page or resource on
the internet. Every website and resource on the web has a unique URL.
Structure of a URL:
• Protocol: The beginning of a URL specifies the communication protocol used, such as http://
or https:// (secure).
• Domain Name: This is the main address of the website, such as www.google.com.
• Path: It indicates a specific page or file on the website, for example, /search or /about-us.
• Query String (optional): Sometimes a URL contains additional parameters, such as
?search=example, which helps in filtering or passing data.
Example of a URL: https://www.example.com/about

7. What is a Web Server? Explain its role in hosting and serving websites.
A web server is a computer or software that stores and serves websites to users over the internet.
When you visit a website, the web server responds to your browser’s request by sending the
website's files.
Role:
• The server hosts the website’s files (HTML, images, scripts) and stores them.
• It listens for requests from clients (browsers) and sends back the requested content.
• Web servers are essential for making websites available on the internet.
8. What is FTP (File Transfer Protocol)? How does FTP help in transferring files over the internet?
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used to transfer files from one computer to another over the
internet. It allows you to upload files from your local device to a server, or download files from a
server to your computer.
How it works:
• FTP uses a client-server model where you connect to an FTP server using FTP software.
• Once connected, you can upload or download files by dragging them from your local device
to the server, or vice versa.
Example: A website developer uses FTP to upload files (like images, HTML documents) from their
computer to the web server to update a website.

9. What is Web Publishing, and what are the steps involved in publishing a website? Explain
domain name registration and how to get space on a host server.
Web Publishing is the process of making a website available for viewing on the internet. It involves
creating the website’s content, choosing a domain name, obtaining hosting space, and uploading the
website’s files.
Steps involved:
1. Create website content: Design the website using HTML, CSS, and other web technologies.
2. Register a domain name: Choose a unique name for your website (e.g.,
www.mywebsite.com) and register it with a domain registrar.
3. Get hosting space: Purchase hosting from a provider that offers space on a server for storing
your website’s files.
4. Upload files: Use FTP or a web-based control panel to upload your files to the server.
5. Publish: Once the files are uploaded, the website is live and accessible to users on the
internet.

10. How do you Maintain and Update a website? Explain the importance of website updates and
how they are done.
Maintaining and updating a website is an ongoing process to ensure that it remains functional,
secure, and relevant.
Importance:
• Security: Websites need to be regularly updated to fix any vulnerabilities and prevent
hacking.
• Content relevance: Regular updates keep the website’s information current, which is
especially important for blogs, news sites, and e-commerce sites.
• User experience: Fixing bugs and improving design ensures that users have a smooth and
enjoyable experience on your site.
How updates are done:
• Content can be updated via a Content Management System (CMS) like WordPress.
• Technical updates (like software or plugin updates) are done through FTP or using the
server’s control panel.
• For complex websites, a developer might make changes in the website’s code directly.

These expanded answers provide a more detailed explanation of the concepts to help you prepare
for your exam. Let me know if you need further clarification or more examples!