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(B) Probability

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18 views35 pages

(B) Probability

Ok

Uploaded by

apkmmishra
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROBABILITY

CLASS X
PROBABILITY
Probability is the study of chance that some event
will happen.
P(event) = number of favourable outcomes
__________________________
number of possible outcomes
Experiment means an operation which can produce
some well defined outcomes.
Examples:

1. Tossing a coin
2. Throwing a dice
3. Pick out a card from a well shuffled deck of playing cards
4. Taking a ball from group of balls
5. Choosing a number from spinning an arrow
The outcomes of an
experiment are the ways it
can happen.

2 6 10 52

The event is the particular outcome you are looking for.


If a random experiment is performed, then each
outcome is known as elementary event
Sure Event: Those events whose probability is one.
Example : The probability of getting a white ball from a group of white
balls.

Impossible Event: Those events whose probability


is zero.
Example :
The probability of getting a number greater than 6, when a die is thrown
once, is an impossible event, as the highest number in a die is 6.
The cases which ensure the
occurrence of an event are called
favorable cases to that event
EXPERIMENTAL PROBABILITY
It is found by repeating an experiment and observing the
outcomes.
P(head)= 3/10
A head shows up 3 times out of 10 trails
P(tail)= 7/10
A tail shows up 7 times out of 10 trails.
THEORETICAL PROBABILITY
P(head)= ½
P(tail)= ½
since there are two outcomes you have 50/50
chances to get a head or tail.
The Probability of an Event

P(Event) = Number of outcomes favorable to Event


Number of all possible outcomes
The event Ē, representing not E is called compliment of the event E

P(Ē) = 1-P(E)
Probability of Head = ½

Probability of Tail = ½
?
HH HT TH T T
Probability (Two heads) =¼
Probability (Two tails) =¼
Probability (one tail and one head) =2/4
= 1/2
Probability of a die
A die
1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6
2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6
3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6

4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6


5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 5,5 5,6
6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 6,5 6,6
Probability (same number) = 6/36
Probability (Sum is 8) = 5/36
Probability (product is 100) = 0/36
Probability of playing cards

Heart Diamond Club Spade


52 Playing Cards in a pack
4 Suits (Clubs, Spades, Diamonds and Hearts)
13 cards in each suit (A,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,J,K,Q)

A regular dice has the numbers 1,2,3,4,5&6


FACE CARDS
Total face cards = 12

Black face cards = 6

Red face cards = 6


P(Face cards) = 12/52
P(Black/Red face cards) = 6/52
P(Jack/King/Queen) = 4/52
P(Diamond/heart/spade/club) = 13/52
P(Black/Red cards) = 26/52

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