Scribd
Upload
8 views12 pages

Parallel 12

Uploaded by

fatimajameelmaki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views12 pages

Parallel 12

Uploaded by

fatimajameelmaki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

Ministry Of Higher Education And Scientific Research

Ashur University
College Of Engineering / Biomedical Engineering Department

Student Name : Fatima Jameel Maki


Class : A

CONNECTING CAPACITORS IN PARALLEL


TO FIND
THE EQUIVALENT CAPACITANCE

Professor : prof. Khalid Hassan

Date : 4/May /2024


connecting capacitors in parallel to find the equivalent
capacitance

Purpose of the experiment:

1. Understanding capacitors and their types.


2. Recognizing the importance of capacitance.
3. Identifying the factors influencing capacitance.
4. Learning how to connect capacitors.
5. Finding the capacitance of a capacitor.
6. Determining the equivalent capacitance of capacitors connected in parallel.

Theory of the experiment:

Capacitors are components capable of storing electric charge (q) and are one of
the fundamental elements used in the assembly of the majority of electronic
devices.

A capacitor consists of two conductors charged with opposite charges, equal in


magnitude but opposite in polarity, with one connected to the positive pole and the
other to the negative pole of the battery. Between them, there is an insulating
material (dielectric) or air.
Capacitance of the capacitor
Capacitance is the ability of a capacitor to store electric charge.
Electric charge is represented by the symbol q.

q×v
q=cv
:.c = q/v

𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟


Capacitance of the capacitor ( C ) = 𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑜𝑟'𝑠 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠

Capacitance is measured in farads (F), and it's represented by the symbol F.

1 Farad = 1 coulomb / volt


Apparatus:

● Alternating Voltage Source


● Ammeter
● Voltmeter
● Capacitors
● Conductive Wires

Method :

1. Connect the capacitors in series.


2. Change the voltage values and record the current readings, then organize
your readings in the following table:
3. Draw the graphical relationship between the voltage values on the horizontal
axis and the current values on the vertical axis. You will obtain a straight line
passing through the origin, as shown in the following figure:

4.Find the slope of the straight line represented by


∆𝑉
Xc = ∆𝐼

Then find the total (equivalent) capacitance.

C𝑒𝑞 = C1 + C2 + C​3 +...


Calculations :

∆𝑉=V2−V1

∆𝑉=9.5−3

∆𝑉=6.6 𝑉

∆𝐼=I2−I1

∆𝐼=(26 − 8)×10-3

∆𝐼=18×10-3 A

∆𝑉
Xc=Slope = ∆𝐼

6.5
= −3
18×10
= 0.36 × 103

Slope = 360 Ω
1
Xc = 2𝜋𝑓𝐶

1
Xc = slope = 2×3.14×50×𝐶

1
360 = 2×3.14×50×𝐶

1
C= 2×3.14×50×360

1
C= 113040

C = 8.8 µ𝐹

Ceq=C1+C2
=(3.5+5.5)×10-6
Ceq= 9×10-6 F

𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔


P.error = 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔
× 100%

−6
(9−8.8)×10
P.error = −6 × 100%
9×10
= 0.02 × 100%

P.error = 2%
Conclusion :

When capacitors are connected in parallel, their effective capacitance increases.


Each capacitor contributes its capacitance to the total, resulting in a combined
capacitance that is greater than any individual capacitor.

This happens because in parallel, each capacitor experiences the same voltage as
the source, allowing them to store additional charge independently. Therefore, the
total stored charge increases, leading to a higher overall capacitance.
Discussion :

Q: What happens to the total capacitance when capacitors are connected in


parallel?
● A: When capacitors are connected in parallel, their total capacitance
increases. This is because each capacitor adds its capacitance to the total,
resulting in a combined capacitance that is greater than any individual
capacitor.

Q: Why does the total capacitance increase in parallel combination?


● A: In parallel, each capacitor is exposed to the same voltage as the source.
Therefore, they all store additional charge independently, leading to a higher
overall capacitance.

Q: What are the practical implications of these behaviors in electronic


circuits?
● A: Understanding how capacitors behave in series and parallel combinations
is crucial in designing circuits with desired energy storage characteristics.
For example, in applications where high capacitance is required, capacitors
can be connected in parallel to increase the overall capacitance. Conversely,
in situations where capacitance needs to be minimized, capacitors can be
connected in series.
Q: Can these principles be applied in real-world scenarios?
● A: Absolutely! These principles are widely used in various electronic
systems, including power supplies, filters, and signal processing circuits.
Engineers leverage these behaviors to tailor the energy storage and discharge
characteristics of capacitive elements in their designs.

Q: Are there any limitations or practical considerations to keep in mind when


connecting capacitors in series or parallel?
● A: Yes, there are some considerations such as voltage ratings, tolerance, and
leakage current. When capacitors are connected in series, the total voltage
across them should not exceed the voltage rating of the individual
capacitors. In parallel configurations, ensuring that the capacitors have
similar capacitance values and leakage currents is important to maintain
balanced operation.
Sources :
● "Electric Circuits" by James W. Nilsson and Susan A. Riedel
● "Fundamentals of Electric Circuits" by Charles K. Alexander and
Matthew N. O. Sadiku
● Libretexts 8.3: Capacitors in Series and in Parallel

You might also like