Module 2 Exercises

Solve the following problems. Whenever applicable, define all relevant stages/events and describe briefly each numerical
value in your solutions.

1. A coin is tossed, a die is rolled, and then a card is picked from a standard deck. How many results are possible?
2. How many license plates can be made using letters for the first three places and any of the integers from to for the last
three if
a. letters and numbers may be repeated?
b. repetition is not allowed?
3. There are books and magazines on a shelf.
a. How many ways can we choose a book and a magazine?
b. Having chosen a book and a magazine, in how many ways can we choose another book and another magazine?
4. If there are outside doors in a dormitory, in how many ways can a student enter one and
a. leave by any door?
b. leave by a different door?
5. There are routes from town A to town B and routes from town B to town C.
a. Find the number of ways to travel from A to C via B.
b. If a person wants to travel roundtrip from A to C via B, how many ways are possible?
c. If a person wants to travel roundtrip from A to C via B, how many ways are possible if the person does not want to use
the same route twice?
6. How many -digit numbers can be formed from the digits , , , , , if
a. repetitions are allowed?
b. repetitions are not allowed?
c. the numbers are odd?
d. the numbers are even?
e. the numbers are greater than ?
7. If the call letters of radio stations must begin with the letter D, the second letter must be W, X, Y, or Z, while the third and
fourth may be any letter, how many different stations can there be if
a. repetitions are allowed?
b. repetitions are not allowed?
8. Three balls are to be drawn one at a time from an urn containing distinct balls. Find the number of ways balls may be
drawn if
a. drawn ball has to be returned before the next is drawn.
b. there is no replacement of drawn balls.
9. If repetition is not allowed, how many numbers with at least four digits can be formed from the digits , , , , , ?
10. How many odd integers between and have no repeated digits?
11. A freshman has examinations to take and there are examination periods available. How many possible arrangements
are there for his examination schedule?
12. A classroom has rows and columns of chairs. Find the number of possible seating arrangements for students.
13. How many permutations of the digits in the number will result in an even number?
14. Teresa has books that she wants to put on her bookshelf. Of these, are mathematics books, are physics books, are
history books, and is a language book. She wants to arrange her books so that all the books dealing with the same
subject matter are together on the shelf. How many different arrangements are possible?
15. In how many ways can people be lined up to board a plane if:
a. there are no restrictions?
b. a family of members must be together?
c. a cabinet official must be immediately between his two bodyguards?
d. two quarreling lovers must not follow each other?
16. Find the number of ways to seat married couples around a table such that every woman is next to her husband.
17. A ring of boys is to be enlarged by the addition of girls. In how many ways can this be done if no two girls are to stand
beside each other?
18. How many distinct arrangements in a row of yellow, red and white roses can a florist make?
19. If flags of the same color are identical, how any distinct signals of flags hung in a line can be made if are red, are blue,
and are white?

Solve the following problems. Define all relevant events and describe briefly each numerical value in your solutions.
 1. Identify the sample space in the experiment: red beads and yellow beads are lined up in a row.

2. Consider the experiment of flipping a coin three times. What is the sample space? Which sample outcomes make up the
event : majority of the flips are heads

3. Suppose that two cards are dealt from a standard -card deck. Define the event : the sum of the two cards is .
Assume that aces have numerical value of and face cards have numerical value of . How many outcomes are in ?

4. An urn contains chips numbered through . Three are drawn out at the same time. Define the event : second
smallest chip is . How many outcomes are in ?

5. A box contains red balls and white balls. Three balls are selected simultaneously at random. What is the probability that
the balls drawn are all white?

6. From a class of boys and girls, a student is chosen at random. What is the probability that a girl is chosen?

7. A committee of is to be selected at random from men and women. Find the probability that there will be men and
women in the committee.

8. If a pair of dice is rolled, what is the probability of getting an even sum?

9. An urn contains eight chips, numbered through . A sample of three is drawn at the same time. What is the probability
that the largest chip in the sample is a ?

10. Imagine that a test tube contains marbles, white and black. Suppose the tube is vigorously shaken. What is the
probability that the two colors of marbles will completely separate; that is, all of one color fall to the bottom, and all of the
other color lie on top?

11. An employer wishes to hire people selected from a set of applicants consisting of women and men. What is the
probability that, if he selects at random, at least will be a man?

12. A fair coin is flipped continuously until a tail appears or until the coin is flipped times whichever comes first. What is the
probability that the coin will be flipped times?

13. A deck of cards is shuffled. What is the probability that all spades are together?

14. Five couples are to be seated in a circle. If seats are randomly chosen, what is the probability that each of the couples
are seated together?

15. Suppose we want to distribute different-colored beads in boxes. If each box can contain more than one bead, what is
the probability that Box 1 has more than one bead?

16. An urn contains black balls, white balls, and blue balls. The black balls are numbered to ; the white balls are
numbered to ; and the blue balls are numbered from to . Three balls are drawn at the same time.

a. What is the probability that the balls drawn have the same number?
b. What is the probability that the balls drawn have the same color?

17. Find the probability that if people are chosen at random at least of them will have the same birthday (month and day).
Assume that none was born in a leap year.

18. A survey of households is conducted to determine how many have radios or television sets. The results of the survey
are as follows:

With radio only : 29

With television only : 1

With both radio and television : 3

With neither radio nor television : 22

If a household is chosen, what is the probability that

a. it has only a radio?

b. it has neither a radio nor a television?
c. it has only a radio or it has neither a radio nor television?
19. Fifty balls are numbered to , placed in a box, and mixed thoroughly. If a ball is picked at random, what is the probability
that its number is divisible by or ends in ?

20. An urn contains black and red balls. Two balls are drawn one after the other. What is the probability that the second ball
drawn is red given that the first one is black?

21. Moviegoers in a cinema house were surveyed whether they watched The Conjuring or Insidious. Following are the results
of the survey.

The Conjuring Insidious

Male 20 15
Female 10 25

If a person is picked at random, find the probability that

a. the person watched “The Conjuring” given that the person was female.
b. the person was male given that the person watched “Insidious.”
22. If a card is picked at random from a standard deck, find the probability that the card is a given that it is a spade