RN SHETTY TRUST®

RNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Affiliated to VTU, Recognized by GOK, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi
(NAAC ‘A+ Grade’ Accredited, NBA Accredited (UG - CSE, ECE, ISE, EIE and EEE)
Channasandra, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road, Bengaluru - 560 098
Ph:(080)28611880,28611881 URL: www.rnsit.ac.in
DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Date: --/--/2024
Course: Mini Project
Course Code: BIS586
CIE Marks: 100
Credits: 1

Synopsis
PROJECT TITLE: “FIRE DETECTION ALARM SYSTEM”

Batch No: #

Sl. No. USN Name E-mail id Contact number

MAHALAKSHMI C 1rn22is076.mahalakshmi 6363248120
01 1RN22IS076
[email protected]
02 1RN22IS120 RAKSHITHA 1rn22is120.rakshitha@rn 8951562825
sit.ac.in
03 1RN22IS124 RANJITHA KM 1rn22is124.ranjithakm@r 7022782634
nsit.ac.in
04 1RN23IS411 RAMYA GT [email protected]. 8431422298
in

Internal Guide Details: DR.HEMA N

Domain: INTERNET OF THINGS

1. Abstract.
Fire alarm systems are essential in alerting people before fire engulfs their homes. However, fire
alarm systems, today, require a lot of wiring and labor to be installed. This discourages users from
installing them in their homes. Therefore, we are proposing an IoT based wireless fire alarm system
that is easy to install. The proposed system is an ad-hoc network that is distributed over the house.
This system consists of a microcontroller (ESP8266 nodeMCU) connected to an infrared flame
sensor that continuously senses the surrounding environment to detect the presence of fire. The
microcontrollers create their own Wi-Fi network. Once fire is detected by a sensor, it sends a signal
to a microcontroller that is triggered to send an SMS to the user, call the user and alert the house by
producing a local alarm. The user can also get information about the status of his home via sending
an SMS to the system. A prototype was developed for the proposed system and it carried out the
desired functionalities successfully with an average delay of less than 30 seconds.

2. Introduction.
Fire alarm systems play a crucial role in safeguarding homes by alerting occupants before a fire can
cause serious harm. However, traditional fire alarm systems often require extensive wiring and
labor during installation, which deters many users from adopting them. To address this challenge,
we propose an IoT-based wireless fire alarm system that is easy to install and more user-friendly.

The proposed system functions as an ad-hoc network distributed throughout the house, centered
around the ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller, which is connected to an infrared flame sensor.
This sensor continuously monitors the surrounding environment for signs of fire. When a fire is
detected, the system’s microcontrollers, which create their own Wi-Fi network, spring into action.
A signal is sent to the microcontroller, prompting it to send an SMS alert to the user, initiate a
phone call, and trigger a local alarm in the house.

Additionally, the system allows users to check the status of their home by sending an SMS, which
provides updates on the system's status remotely. A prototype of this system was developed,
demonstrating its ability to perform the required tasks efficiently, with an average delay of less than
30 seconds from fire detection to user notification. This IoT-based solution offers a practical,
wireless alternative to traditional fire alarm systems, making it easier to install while providing
timely alerts in emergency situations.
 3. Existing System and their limitations.
Existing System

1. Conventional Fire Alarm Systems: In these systems, detectors are connected in zones to a central control
panel. When a detector in a zone is triggered, the alarm for that entire zone sounds, but it is difficult to identify
the exact location of the fire.

2. Addressable Fire Alarm Systems: These systems assign each detector a unique address. The control panel
can identify exactly which detector was triggered, making it easier to pinpoint the fire’s location. These
systems are more advanced but still require extensive wiring.

Limitations of the Existing System

1. Wiring and Installation Costs: Traditional fire alarm systems require extensive wiring, making
installation labor-intensive and costly, especially in large or older buildings.
2. Complex Installation: The installation process often needs professionals and may require opening
walls or ceilings, making it time-consuming and complicated.
3. High Maintenance: Wired systems need regular inspections, as faulty wires or components can
cause false alarms or system failures.
4. Limited Flexibility: Once installed, these systems are difficult to scale or adapt to changes in the
building layout without rewiring.
5. Limited Remote Monitoring: Many traditional systems lack the ability for users to monitor or
control the system remotely.
6. No Real-Time User Alerts: These systems usually rely on sirens and do not notify users remotely
via SMS or calls.
7. False Alarms: Smoke detectors can trigger false alarms from non-fire sources like cooking smoke
or steam.
4. Problem Statement of Proposed Project with block diagram.
The existing fire detection alarm systems are often complex, requiring extensive wiring,
professional installation, and regular maintenance, which increases the overall cost and effort
involved in setting them up. These systems typically lack real-time remote alert capabilities, making
it difficult for users to monitor their homes when they are away. Furthermore, false alarms are
common due to non-fire sources like steam or cooking smoke, leading to unnecessary disruptions.
Hence, there is a need for a cost-effective, wireless, and easy-to-install fire detection system that
can provide real-time alerts to users via SMS or calls and enable remote monitoring to enhance
safety and convenience.

5. Objectives of the Project Work.

1. Wireless System Design: Develop a wireless fire detection system that eliminates the need for
extensive wiring, making installation easy and cost-effective.

2. Real-Time Fire Detection: Ensure the system can detect fire accurately and immediately using
infrared flame sensors, minimizing false alarms from non-fire sources.

3. Instant Alerts to Users: Send real-time notifications to users via SMS or phone calls when a fire is
detected, even if they are not on-site.
4. Remote Monitoring: Allow users to check the status of their home by sending an SMS to the
system, enabling real-time monitoring from anywhere.

5. Local Alarm Activation: Trigger a local alarm within the house to alert occupants in case of fire,
enhancing immediate response.

6. Ad-Hoc Network Capability: Utilize microcontrollers (e.g., ESP8266 NodeMCU) to create a self-
sustaining Wi-Fi network, making the system independent of existing infrastructure.

7. Prototype Development and Testing: Build and test a working prototype to ensure the system
performs efficiently with minimal delay and carries out the desired functionalities.

8. Cost-Effectiveness: Design the system to be affordable, making it accessible for residential use
without compromising on safety and functionality.

6. Innovativeness, Tools and technologies used relevant to the

Project.
Innovativeness

1. Wireless, Easy-to-Install System: Unlike traditional fire alarm systems that require complex
wiring, the proposed system is wireless, reducing installation costs and labor. This makes it more
accessible and user-friendly, particularly for residential use.

2. Real-Time Remote Alerts: The system sends instant alerts via SMS and phone calls to users,
allowing them to take immediate action even when they are away. This remote notification
feature adds a new layer of safety compared to conventional systems that only trigger local
alarms.

3. Ad-Hoc Network: The system uses microcontrollers (ESP8266 NodeMCU) to create its own
Wi-Fi network, eliminating dependency on external internet infrastructure, which ensures
continuous functionality in remote or disconnected areas.
4. User-Initiated Status Checks: Users can send an SMS to the system to receive updates on
their home’s fire status, offering a proactive way to monitor the house from anywhere.

5. Low-Cost Components: By using inexpensive, widely available IoT components like the
ESP8266 and infrared flame sensors, the system is both affordable and scalable.

Tools and Technologies Used

1. ESP8266 NodeMCU: A low-cost Wi-Fi microcontroller that enables the system to connect to
a wireless network, send notifications, and manage the flame sensors.

2. Infrared Flame Sensor: These sensors detect infrared radiation emitted by flames, allowing
accurate fire detection and minimizing false alarms triggered by non-fire sources like smoke or
steam.

3. IoT (Internet of Things): The system leverages IoT technology to create a network of
interconnected devices that communicate wirelessly, enabling the system to send real-time
notifications and alerts.

4. SMS and Phone Call Alerts: The system is integrated with messaging and calling APIs (e.g.,
Twilio) to send real-time alerts to the user’s phone, ensuring they are informed instantly of any
fire hazard.

5. Ad-Hoc Wi-Fi Network: The microcontrollers in the system create a localized Wi-Fi network
that connects the sensors and controllers without needing external routers, ensuring seamless
communication between components.

6. Mobile Communication APIs: APIs that support SMS and voice communication to enable
real-time notifications and remote system interaction.

7. Prototype Development Tools: Platforms like Arduino IDE are used to program the ESP8266

NodeMCU for sensor integration, signal processing, and alert generation.

7. Expected Outcome.
Expected Outcomes of the Fire Detection Alarm System:

1. Easy Installation: A fully functional, wireless fire detection system that can be easily installed in
homes without the need for complex wiring or professional assistance.

2. Real-Time Fire Detection: The system will accurately detect fires using infrared flame sensors and
minimize false alarms from non-fire sources like steam or smoke.

3. Instant Notifications: Users will receive real-time alerts via SMS and phone calls when a fire is
detected, even if they are away from home.

4. Remote Monitoring: Users will be able to remotely check the status of their home by sending an
SMS, providing peace of mind when they are not on-site.

5. Local Alarm System: A local alarm will be triggered within the house to immediately alert
occupants of any detected fire.

6. Independent Wi-Fi Network: The system will function using an ad-hoc Wi-Fi network created by
the microcontrollers, ensuring seamless communication between components without external
internet dependency.

7. Cost-Effective Solution: The system will be affordable, using low-cost components such as the
ESP8266 NodeMCU and infrared flame sensors, making it accessible for residential use.

8. Prototype Validation: The developed prototype will successfully demonstrate the desired
functionalities, with an average delay of less than 30 seconds from fire detection to user
notification.