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    Hybrid Electric Vehicle

    Uploaded by

    Onyilo Douglas

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Hybrid Electric Vehicle

    Uploaded by

    Onyilo Douglas
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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Hybrid Electric Vehicle

    Uploaded by

    Onyilo Douglas

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Title: Designing and Development of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Diesel and

    Renewable Source)

    Research Team:

    ● Lead Researcher: Engr. Abraham Wright Enoh


    ● Collaborators: Onche Adama H.

    1. Introduction
    Background and Motivation

    As environmental concerns and climate change become increasingly critical, the demand for
    sustainable transportation solutions has surged globally. Conventional fossil fuel vehicles are a
    major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, prompting a shift towards more eco-friendly
    options. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which combine conventional engines with renewable
    energy sources, offer a promising solution by reducing dependency on fossil fuels while
    maintaining high performance.

    In regions where diesel engines are widely used, especially in industrial applications, integrating
    diesel with renewable energy presents a unique opportunity. By leveraging the torque and
    efficiency of diesel engines alongside renewable energy sources, this hybrid system aims to
    create a more sustainable and fuel-efficient vehicle.

    Problem Statement

    The primary challenge is to design an effective hybrid vehicle that integrates diesel and
    renewable energy, maximizing fuel efficiency and reducing emissions. This study aims to
    address this gap by developing a hybrid vehicle that utilizes both diesel and renewable energy
    sources.

    Research Objectives

    1. Design and Development: To create a hybrid vehicle powered by diesel and renewable
    energy sources.
    2. Performance Evaluation: To assess the hybrid vehicle’s efficiency, focusing on
    emissions and fuel economy improvements.
    2. Literature Review
    Hybrid Vehicle Technology

    Hybrid electric vehicles utilize multiple power sources to propel the vehicle, such as diesel
    engines, electric motors, and renewable energy sources. Diesel-electric hybrids, known for fuel
    efficiency and durability, are advantageous in heavy-duty applications due to their high torque.

    Diesel and Renewable Energy Integration

    Diesel engines are celebrated for their fuel economy and longevity. By incorporating renewable
    energy sources such as solar panels, biofuels, or advanced batteries, these hybrid systems can
    leverage cleaner energy, reduce overall fuel consumption, and minimize environmental impact.

    Automotive Control Software

    Hybrid systems depend on sophisticated software to manage power distribution between diesel
    engines, electric motors, and batteries. This control software optimizes energy flow based on
    driving conditions, battery status, and power demands, ensuring smooth transitions between
    energy sources. It also manages regenerative braking, allowing for energy recuperation and
    enhanced fuel efficiency.

    3. Design and Methodology


    System Design

    The hybrid vehicle system comprises the following components:

    ● Diesel Engine: Provides primary mechanical power with high torque.


    ● Electric Motor: Works alongside the diesel engine to enable zero-emission,
    short-distance driving.
    ● Battery Pack: Stores energy generated by renewable sources or through regenerative
    braking, powering the electric motor.
    ● Renewable Energy Source: This could include solar panels or biofuels, supplying
    additional power to reduce diesel dependency.

    Control Software Development

    The control software is integral to the hybrid system, facilitating efficient energy management
    between diesel and renewable sources. It monitors battery levels, adjusts power demands, and
    manages regenerative braking to optimize fuel consumption and reduce emissions.
    Testing and Simulation

    Various tests, including fuel efficiency and emissions assessments, will be conducted.
    Simulation tools like MATLAB/Simulink will model the system's performance under different
    driving conditions, providing valuable data for further refinement.

    4. Implementation and Budget Allocation


    Fabrication Process

    The fabrication process involves:

    ● Component Sourcing: Procuring diesel engines, electric motors, battery packs, and
    renewable energy units.
    ● System Assembly: Integrating these components to form a functional hybrid system.
    ● Software Integration: Installing and configuring the control software to ensure seamless
    energy management.

    Budget Breakdown

    The project has a budget of ₦100,000,000, allocated as follows:

    ● Hardware (Diesel engine, electric motor, battery, renewable components): 60%


    ● Software Development and Testing: 20%
    ● Testing and Simulation: 10%
    ● Miscellaneous Costs (Labor, administrative expenses): 10%

    Timeline

    The project phases are as follows:

    ● Design: 3 months
    ● Fabrication and Assembly: 6 months
    ● Software Development: 4 months
    ● Testing and Evaluation: 3 months

    5. Results and Analysis


    Performance Evaluation
    The vehicle’s performance will be evaluated based on fuel efficiency, emissions, and power
    output. Expected outcomes include enhanced fuel economy and reduced emissions compared
    to conventional diesel vehicles.

    Comparison with Existing Systems

    This hybrid system will be benchmarked against traditional diesel vehicles and other hybrids,
    highlighting its fuel efficiency, environmental benefits, and renewable energy utilization.

    Challenges and Solutions

    Challenges encountered may include difficulties in integrating renewable sources without


    compromising performance. These challenges will be addressed through software optimizations
    and component adjustments to ensure system reliability.

    6. Conclusion and Future Work


    Summary of Findings

    The project demonstrates the potential of integrating diesel and renewable sources to create a
    more fuel-efficient and environmentally friendly hybrid vehicle. Control software plays a critical
    role in optimizing energy use, ensuring seamless operation between diesel and renewable
    systems.

    Recommendations for Future Research

    Future improvements could include:

    ● Enhanced Renewable Integration: Exploring advanced solar panels or alternative


    biofuels.
    ● Optimized Control Algorithms: Further software refinement for real-time energy
    management and efficiency.

    Potential Applications

    This hybrid vehicle model can be applied in commercial and industrial sectors, reducing
    operating costs and environmental impact, and advancing sustainability in heavy-duty
    transportation.
    7. References

    1. Vishwanath, M., Arunraja, K. M., & Raaj, K. L. (2018). A Literature Review on Hybrid
    Electric Vehicles. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT),
    Special Issue, Vol. 6, Issue 4, ISSN: 2278-0181.
    2. Vidyanandan, K. V. (2018). Overview of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. Senior Member,
    IEEE, Power Management Institute, NTPC Ltd., India. Retrieved from ResearchGate.
    3. Li, S., Wang, P., Zeng, D., & Yang, L. (2021). Multi-System Coupling DMi Hybrid Vehicle
    Modelling and Performance Analysis. Towards Intelligent E-Mobility—Selected Papers
    from the 34th International Electric Vehicles Symposium and Exhibition (Nanjing, China),
    Special Issue, November 2021.
    4. Prajapati, K. C., Patel, R., & Sagar, R. (2014). IoT-Based Design and Implementation of
    Hybrid Vehicles. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT),
    Special Issue, ISSN: 2274-1081.
    5. Dhigare, P. D., & Yadav, S. D. (2020). Trends and Advancements in Hybrid Vehicle
    Technologies. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET),
    Vol. 7, Issue 5, e-ISSN: 2395-0056, May 2020.
    6. Hussain, M., Chaudhary, A., Memon, Z., & Siddique, M. (2020). PID Controller in
    Conjunction with DC Motor for Control of Hybrid Vehicle. SSRG International Journal of
    Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IJEEE), Vol. 7, Issue 7, July 2020.
    7. Lund, H., et al. (2009). Energy System Analysis of 100% Renewable Energy Systems:
    The Case of Denmark in Years 2030 and 2050. Energy.
    8. García-Olivares, A., et al. (2018). Transportation in a 100% Renewable Energy System.
    Energy Conversion and Management.
    9. Kaur, D. (2021). Toyota’s Billion Dollar Hybrid Dream. Tech Wire Asia. Retrieved from
    Tech Wire Asia.
    10. Kosankar, S., & Khandar, C. (2014). A Review of Vehicular Pollution in Urban India and
    Its Effects on Human Health. Journal of Advanced Laboratory Research in Biology, Vol.
    5, No. 3, pp. 54-61. Retrieved from Neliti.
    11. Madhuri. (2022). Fame India Scheme 2022: Apply Online, Benefits, Features &
    Objectives. PM Modi Yojana, 30-Mar-2022. Available at PM Modi Yojana.
    12. Loganathan, G., & Rajkumar, D. (2016). Comparison of Results Among Three
    Optimization Algorithms Applied to an Economic Load Dispatch Problem. Journal on
    Power Systems Engineering, Vol. 4, Issue 2.
    13. Vignesh, P., et al. (2016). Solution for Economic Load Dispatch Problem with Generator
    Constraints Using QPSO. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
    (IRJET), Vol. 3, Issue 3, pp. 625-630.

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