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Computer Book

Computer
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52 views25 pages

Computer Book

Computer
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ABC asta Sin ot Ua & Aeb-1 cote Ae sctaelrera cata ad S GTA ae tl ae eaaeiaaa carte A ae aie gat cafes Be ST area Ae atl Bae Ae - 1 wR faye Asi a The ENIAC (1943-46) $A HEAT HI TT AMA Electronic Numerical Intergrator ana computer e een feenra saat & few fever Tea aT The EDVAC (1946-52) 4 FI WI AM Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer Ml ae Yee fetsice Hazet aM The EDSAC (1947-49) $a HI QI AH Al! Electronic Delay storage Automatic Computer 4é Feel qprqet eT AS He IH cht TF fewea TAT eT The UNIVAC (1951) $a FI WW AM Universal Automatice Computer Ml Fe Teen tetseet RAT TT SI aS OHTA A vel SF STE Wer ANT eT! 3tadeha (Abacus) v FS UTS WEEN Ua AHS MT TAB @ See aT TO sara A Geran & fea fee Ter eT vy omafre whet & organ cit ag FA (Lee Kai Chen) Ht Seah SSE ar A eT FI V Ssh Cehel SH Uh SIAM Sia Slat &, ferseh SX ARI ST UH ten or alae After aeat (Napier Bones) v After sea ar snfoea eHleets oe alors Sita afte A fare eT) VY SeaL TAT S TOT eT ht HAT Al areas VitraTGCten fever ST Tapa #1 v ae ara a et ce sire vice Stel ef, far RHA OF 9 Wm & vars fered Zit 1 WSS Get (Slide Rute v st & afta fafetas vilets Fees Ber a sTfeeMR fat aT v Fe OR URn ale & sree we SRT S OO a eT AT v Saat foes var at Fated vecat eich ef, fare oer A Tae STATS CRT OY ToT at ee STA Stet at v Steet weed stadt aan F ecaciinn ike hepdet & afer HS VSM TAHT WANT SS St TAT Wee TOT aT (Pascal’s Calculater) ¥ ie & aforaast SAS Wee (Blaize Pascal) 1 FA Mla sla TOT ar aT Sitemap fea v Saas So ae ciden am ak Ber Scie ate BAA at SAT Bld &, A 0 A 9 cH eM sions at ah cifetat ar aif herectee v sea ane Tes a asrist A ve a a orf fear v saat cal corte at atin Agia ot et Sra 21 v Fe Tis ist toe a HER Vistar F aap at sat 2 1. General Purpose Compter fared area aed feel aa G1 Seer WaT eR US GA OR fee Sra SI 2. Special Purpose Computer ae meer fats cat & fey dar fee ord 1 sae yet fe Sat A fear sien 1 Sa shes fear, of Sar, oe ws Hake ale ard A eee Vat Stet B STN Ue hres SEE UT MST Hh VET 1. Micro Computer FS HA SHR Be Sa Sl Sa HANK Se PAT 1970 & aerw A GoM MM Sa HEN F ALESHL MRR ar Malt fever Sra et) SA HTS at pc it et Sia al PC at FT APT F Stier TEN SI a. Desktop Computer b. Laptop Computer c. Palmtop Computer d. Notebook Computer e. Tablet Computer (a) Desktop Computer Desktop Computer 3 zx a & forse Shae We VSR eT ST 21 (b) Laptop Computer ae aes Ff aga Be de 21S Hee a ws A at OK STS SS Ted C1 SAA TR tH fore Sekt ar yan Stat aI (c) Palmtop Computer AS HAACT Lapwp Computer @ Se Gd & Sat Set A Waa Fe am @1 gaat ae we at ama duels A ost aa at 21 (d) Notebook Computer Notebook Computer Laptop Compute oar at dao! (e) Tablet Computer Fe HUA Ted Hl Ble HMA ala #1 J Hore B AS as aid F1 A Cap Ba FI 2. Workstation Computer Workstation Computer 1 Fa" Ble Sara FB at & wa F fever Sra 2 erat ord Het Bl IAAT AS HNL at athe sate Stet BI 3. Mini Computer aot wear ag Set Sofral ug eat siiftre A ade weet hat & fer yar feet wa SI PDP- 8 First Mini Computer fstaee foeHrA 1965 4 fear Al DEC Company 4 FART A DEC FI WI AF Digital Equipment Corporation al 4. Mainframe Computer aoa ¢ ot sa-ad sofa ws Gent aiiftha F ake eee ard & fora yan fru ard @1 A aeger Be-SE tha aA ate Al Ga paged Ff ardent peer ar ve oh aie Ue fee STAT 1 HS Maintiame Computer ft é IBM 4381, ICL 39, CDC Cyber ete. 5. Super Computer ER maga fate veer oh Hae tas Lesa fanior fasta rel & few Ser are biatgheg cera So shea eresee GH oer a1 weer UR PHA WH Sl ASAE He HST PARAM-10000 @1 fet sHT AR BAR Gay-1 € FA C.DAC A FAT AM BR HA art farafetfiad & - efafter arr fer fer, ahaa faa at sient & fer, as fof CS ary feeen aR ves Sia z, wit fread - (HEWORY) gage fSarsa INPUT DEVICES 0) arreia feet ar meer ch ret Ser end A aaa Hey fare for afer on seit et Ses Se Saye Bfnat Hed 1 Sa - BESS, Ase otf 0) ditty (CPU) - Sar orl ft We Sra Waa ah, Sea SseyE Bs F Geran aio velo Het eet BI CPU. LAS: ae art F ater rats) YY MAIN MEMORY SECONDARY MEMORY aie ae Hele Ble HAN Ht sits farsi a Tatler Heh, Ss Fafa aed 81 ceva sa feast aU ae Aa F sa-wer ART SI rel Afar ails ape Bar fe a a al et fee ae afte ee wen a ares fee atk cifsteret fread RH Sl CUAY, Frelet Bre S Sle wen ARN aT We aH Se feeb He 81 TaRaa Sra wen Pree at aT a wT A A A aaa att Har Fert : A ver at ete SI WET Act (Main Memory) sa Aa ar Main Memory aft Her sit eI ae a VaR at eet 1 (A) RAM (B) ROM Betas AAT (Auxiliary Memory) Beh Fat Sas suse pony AAT SA - BS teen, Teil fee, gras 29 ante & ea A ats Bot AAT (Cache Memory) FAH ET AA Ate Ten HAR St wife & aha Sara wafta fear Sra S1 TIS HEART at ale A afes Set S1 AS Computer Ht ERI AMS F1 Ae HHL HI HEMT FET aa 21 sa4 6h Set Ss ale at ER Heh Va Send #1 SoH ANA at aes & sree we ae te @1 GS ae, facies, wet afte Cease Stat 81 Aa St GER St Stet T 1. Primary Memory 2. Secondary Memory Primery Memory :- 3a FART AT Main Memory %t Het AMAT Sl AS a We at Set SI A. RAM B.ROM RAM (Randam Access Memory) SH WI ATA Randam Access Memory Si saat Freaa fared ect al Foal Seq a WAG AA Her SIT Si ae ates AA Stet F Ber ea sig SM wr fefere at ora Si fora Ga: wre at Reet ST ‘aA 1 AS Volatile Memory HEA SI AE Wh Semiconditor or Flip Flop @ facet At Memory Bit @1 HA SRAM, DRAM, SD RAM ete. SRAM: Sahl Ql AA Static Random Access Memory eae Flip Flop @ freee oil act 81 valet ae HA Refresh ett F DRAM : Sal QT ATH Dynamic Random Access Memarv #1 ae at wiedl-sied tee St 1 Refresh HI AAT Electronic Charge or Dis- charge & état @1 me Ur Saves F sant an fRee Stat Bi ata: Saat als et atch Bi ae ore at arte Get St 2 SD RAM : S8%I Ql AH Synchoronous Dyanamic Random Access Memory a V RAM: ST Yin AIH Volatile Random Access Memory al sa al ya Aeorh fecrea A afer th wo A fear sre Sl ae UH AeA aart at 81 ROM (Read Only Memory) ROM I A Read Only Memory @1 4 HHI Ft Primary Mem- ory Sh Fe Vas Aad ahh 21 Set eR ah ee aS arate wa Sen Shit SI ae Ga VR at Stet BI 1.PROM 2.EPROM 3. EEPROM 1. PROM : $8 QW AMA Programble Read Only Memory al sa faa Fup oR To ER fen So eat om ale Ges F Ae (Error) BA sad a Gun vel feat ot ena 3 2. EPROM : $81 Ql AH Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory 31 ea far a ER ee A ae een or Beet om! fag A GR A fou faa at ats S frp a feet (Ultravolet) 3 AA CAT TA aM 3. EEPROM : 88 Qt AM Electrically Erasble Programmble Read Only Memory #1 38 faa # EPROM Mt BART ch Q feat SB! ga Feat A Sh a va srt F gem Hed > fore farea ar yar fee ae om arseret & vexed F et Oo ar wate fea aT eT eI Unit Bit Nibble Byte Kilo Byte Mega Byte Giga Byte Tera Byte Storage Device Hard Disks Floppy Disks CD Rom’s DVD Roms USB Storage MemoryCard Memory Unit Short Time _ (Machine Lang.) Bik Nibble Byte KB MB GB TB Stroge Devices Storage Capicity Upto 256 TB (Tera bytes) Upto 200 Mbps 1.44 Mb 650 Mb Upto 17 GB Upto 256 Gb 128 Gb Capicity Bit 0,1 (Binary Lang.) 4 bits 8 bits 1024 Bytes = 1 KB 1024 KB = 1 MB 1024 MB =1 GB 1024 gb=1TR Access Speed 36 kbps Upto 150 Mbps Upto 125 Mbps 60 Mbps upto 133 Mbps Secondary Storage Device Secondary Strorage Device Auxiliary Strorage Device ott per rat 21 ae PERL cH AMT Aad Slat Bl Sa Aa a See Senay & ferw Fee STAT 21 SA Storage AIM AeeH eal S Vs Sel aT WHS HH SA AAA Primary one eat att 81 rer at CaS Hel aT WT ae ct WER st eae 1. Sequential Access Storage Device :- 30 fF Storange Data #1 sot en Fi tate fear sett fre HF SR ea se Ss oa get an seeeT BI 2. Intex Sequential Access Metnod-:- $44 Tiel wr Sequential Access Method @ @t Cage feat Sen 2] AeA SHA Stel Sl ER HA GAS WH eeae dar a fern Stat 3. Direct Access Method : 304 Slat il feet ot aH A Case frat ST Fadl S1 vel feet Ut oa G Stet al SER fer wT Gene S1 Saat a afa dita tase at qe H often att 21 Types of Storange Device 1. Magnetic Tape : Magnetic Tape Uh was fade hs feaea a Fae Up walter he Wy GA Tees (Magnetic Oxide) ar AIF Ta zl 2. Hes 2T (Cartidge Tape) :- A 2U a Sek Grarala 2a act 21 1970 & eas & sia A ate Sayed F ates dae a ya fear STAT A a Want tem (Magnetic Disk):-— Sse Stet al EER fared 8 qromla fen or yet Pear ot tar 81 aala feew da TER a eats A. Hard Disk B. Floppy Disk C. Optical Disk AS fae : ad fom a fare Seer 8 Se ER ee fea Ren TT oT Sse Soe WaT HMA Hart see he Sal F at cet a feen at eA Track and Sector la @1 Vat H Set AN Stat FI Whe BaF 512 TES SI ER aa 21 Stet at FEN Ue ea & feu da He H MHA ATA TI 1. Seek Time : foam 4 set Hl Is a We ae ae TH UES A AT wr ties eH ECM BI 2. Letancy Time : % Stet @t fen wa Tet F Sh MHa Me eet Zen eC eI 3. Transfer Rate : Sector 4 Stat ahi fear wa Yea F Si as a & A Transfer Rate Hel Sa 2 BUC fee : uit feen at fete a hac weit Her ra eI Sa Want ASH SRT A Stat Si Fe SHR Ua VEST Ah STEM Ue St VER at at 1 1. Mini Floppy : 4€ 31R 4 5 Sa Ht Seat Sl AIST IAAT 1. 1.2 MB Set | Saat Drive Ht orem F set A orreere at ett 21 2. Micro Floppy : 48 SHR H 34 Sa Hl Eat S) Saat GET AAT 1.4MB @tt 1 C aiftecnct fare : aiftenct foen 3 form eet Sra crear tt tS SR ER eA & fete cect ar Vat freer sre 21 siitenet Poem Het 31 ga fee & we Ta vars or ce teat HI 1 Tit 2 Statt Output Devices Monitor @Miey) Uh aseye fae 31 saat foyer feeaet afte at wel VI SI Ae Bh FR CRT Montor (Cathode Ray Tube) LCD Monitor (Liquid Crystal Display) LED Montor (Liquid emitting diode) Characteristics of Vionitor 1, Resolution (SiRF) : Display devise ht AETAGT FT Wig a TH & fas Ht TEM Sat Sl Bitee A tas ar Pai SIe-we forget & frecrene Stet 8) fara Prater ae! sien Sl Se ae fry TAHT eI 2. Refresh Rate : Aer a fee te st sea F ATH See 41 3. Dot Pitch; Ste fra Uae WER al AA aercht S1 eR Aistet at ae fra 0.15 B 0.30 ae ett 2 4. Interlacing or non interlacing : 4 Uh wm feuet carat ast ot Fer S Wig Ht yore F sik sien ois Heit 1 5. Bit Mapping : fred coq tata Sri at valet fret oT Gera e, Fe fae Ain Heed F1 saa sinker fenet At oaepla st Gata wR SAT WHT el Printer (fig) : Printer Th a a> aseqe feaset a wa SABES Hl HTT TST AR GT FRET STAT AI chev Te fea TI BEA = hard copy Hel Sic a Printering Teachnology % ara ® fied tt VaR & Gd 1 ae a Kier At &, vt fife eet aH stat ae EI sale sant Impact Printer Ed @1 Impact Printer : emtae fer a Wa et 21 1. Draft Quality Printening :- S04 AMR] SUE et 21 2. Near Letter Quality Printering :- 38 fafen F Up sex HH St a BMT we Sl Saat fein ale eet Seat S1 Daisy Wheel Printer : FS UH oe Fal ~ SR (Solid Font Printer) Impact printer @1 See foe Ss A UH aH (Wheel) eat &, fad Wes TA RP AR ST EATS Line Printer :- Printing MIR WF Line Printer G4 DAR & Be #1 asa fier a ata, St oe oR we OT ah fie aed GI Be setae rer TA GI ade vans aa I 1. Chain Printer : 34 fet B Up Ba At 21 Ts Titan Sa Het 21 2. Band Printer : 3@ fax A veR aS Ale #1 fae filer ds wed #1 _" Printer: 34 fiex F tem SH Stat $1 Fa OH Ste Sra faa wea | Non impact Printer ; Non Impact Printer & fiex da Z, wit fifea aet WT Sas Aet HAI S1 Non Impact Printer @t FR & Eta ZI Ink Jet Printer : G& non impact printer a tir geet fiex Fads aR ase ate S| ten, ce, Sten, ren safes Saat CMYK fier st el SM S| See Pfs senferst Wa: Ink Jet 300 DPI (Dot Per Inch ) atts Laser Printer : 48 A See (Hex S1 See WaT HSS 1970 H eae S fren oT er Sl Saat fier senha 300 60 DPI TH Bat SI ot easy eet SI Saat Ala SH ppm Faw BAT eI Plotter (GED) : 46 Wer sey feage t sae faa va op ait fie fH TM F1 AS 3D Printing 1 HAH Sl SHH SAI SAL GR SAS # fie fran viet G1 ae S were aa SI 1. Drun pen plotter 2. Fletbed plotter Sound Card & Speaker : Sound card Uh Extenstin board eat a {HSA VAM AIS SH edit HH UE output HAF a BI Input Devices amata free at ager are area seed A ofaltia Het fee farm afteat ar vat ferent sre @ Se SAYS Bfenat Hed S1 Va sate, asd anfel gaye feage a ve & dia é 1. Online 2. Offline 1. Online Input Device : 4 fSagA Tt HUAI H Hr Sel Hl SAE el or el He Vl AMSA SATE fares ecudt #1 FA-Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, JoyStrick, Trackball, Digital ‘lablet, MICR, OCR, OMR, BCR, Light Pen, Touch Screen, Voice Revungnition Keybord - 3¢ Uh Aaa STa_IaAM cl SIM Sell Sten SAE feos $1 FHM text, number, symbol ante at HUT aR gage feet Sa 31 wm Ses ata F101 SH Stet 21 at-ats at OR aT A ier AT al 1. Function Key 2. Alfa-numeric key pad 3. Numeric key pad 4, Special key 1. Function Key FS Ht -AS A VATS SN Sle Sl SAH GST SRS (F1-F 12) Stet FI FI RR WR a ea HS SH ee a STAR Stet FI F2 SPARK K Sa Soil Ht Gerad a Knet A wiese Ca Het ar A aac Gerd EI F3 PACT Fa Soil Ht Tere S feet at wivst ager faa safe st Gir & few as & fen srt 21 F4 BOT Re Soll Hl Vee aS TATA Fi USa SR Ge STH aR Alt OPT F4 Sa B SARL WT ag St STAT FS HART Hl FA Soil Hl TeAA F AT (Refresh) A Ted & Bik Fa tat FI clang ails Ht Tad ZI F6 FS 8 TF Bed VA SS Hott Hl St aR sa S AY AR Shwe St Set 8 F7 aS 8 a Hed We Set Si STEHT SB Tah Tere at GEA faa sa Sait at aera ot ort 21 F8 Srqt F fast Gis Hed TH Sa Hott Ht cara Fe vise ag at a Wert f1 ro aS 8 Sa Holl St St Vera A Aa ST SEMI SITS BIR aE FS Yisrael Rea HA A oi oft sre s, F10 FEAT SS Hott Hl VSIA WTF AY AR aA Tiss HE HH Hot ort G1 SR shit H Get £10 GSA B SEHETT W Right Click art eeT el Fu 2202 Waereig F ary aad TT Fa Sot Ht Tera sews TERRI Sl Fe GE Te SET ST Teh eI F12 4S F eel Hea GH Shatt Ht Tera S Save as fet Ger wt F AR HRT Fl SI FL THT SI 2. Alfa-Numeric Keyboard : ae ai-ats & tea oer fee Sete Fe at VSS Teer st att 31 aa Ato Z,a to z, 0 to 9, -@#$%°&*() STE ata BI 3. Numeric Key : Fe Ht HS Fara ae Set S1 Sa He 17 ait erat al 4, Special Key : S44 GEM Ht HEH Ha Sat F SAS HATH Special ar fee at @1-3 - screen, printing ,scroll lock, insert, power button, home, end, insert etc. Mouse (ABA) AS GUI Interface HATS Sal TAMT St Act Pointer inpur device al Seer FTA 1980 Hh See AH ANS FHA TA LM SHAT SHR ASA TAR Sh & SRT SS ASS Hel SMT Sl FAS Het Ga Fea Sa Sl Left and Right button an dha F WG Scroll Button @al @ asa aa VER & ae el 1. Mechanical Mouse 2. Optical Mouse 3. Wireless Mouse 1. Mechnical Mouse (atfsteaat AISA) © ST HISe FT VAT 1990 & ween Fi fee Set 1 SHH Uh ER St Ae Ste , VI Ase oh Git a ate arex French tect 21 2. Optical Mouse (WTS AISH) : Optical mouse Wh 7a FER ASA S1 Ashe SF AST SHI VAT aS SAT et eT eI 3. Cordless Mouse : 4€ 3031 & aif an ase é1 ae Wa weed & arr w orl He 21 sas ct yg] aa-Sa transmitter and receiver #1 €1 FE electromagnetic signal ee Ff ae at aft den fee HEH FEAT Computer Ft Sst stat @1 fetta Hyer A SiS SIRT B1 TeM FAH Driver H HAT F Install BET GSAT 1 BT raed Fae ea fae of Stet 2 BA UBE H Ale hes Wear ait fant aed e- UiSfEr (Pointing) : Fa SH AISA AH SAC gree Reeny FT AISA Vsex aH at Seni HH ech sng Hae €, at sa Uige HET Her ST SI feet (Clicking): 9a GA ASS Gigex Ht fret ereanis aT Wa ae TR WSS & A Ser SLU aR cae Bis 2a 2, dt se fea at faethe HET HET STS! ‘Saet facifcht (Double Clicking ): Fa FA ABS H AT Fer F Tieat- aed on fae eet é, ct sa fear at sat fare eT eT ST Saet fee Ge fever rer SA Ther Ger ST FI wWee-facfeeT (Right Clicking) : WA EF ASS User a ewe saEcHiA a Wt OR Ment Ase HH a es St faeeH Seed &, ase far at wer farm HT HET ST eI SfrT (Dragging) : Sit 4 Gigex a ene snecHia we aR AISA IM Fer Sl CoRR UES Ad & Gk Se Fea HI AT Waa at AIS USex Hl SUC-SEK GR &, A Sa fore HT SAT aT Sa Hee Her SAT Sl 5S fee ar WaT HEAT SH ABS Vat oH SUES a g, TI 5a freer HT Gila ST ST HET Hel eT SLE fee a VAT HAST IR EN stented: faa sat Ga, Lead aya fret at ae at fesretin axa Gre fer Sra S ET (Scanner) : BER TF Sheds Sage fates 21 Ses Ba GET Wet Sel Fl HR Ah SRR Tel SAS A Tend 8 aA feet Ht Fears, Pet Us AI SI Hl TET BS HEART F Gat GT A a HUT el Fae SF BEAT HH Soft Hitt A aka ae aaa MICR Scanner : MICR 1 Wart Steet F afte fever aren Bi Sor A after Gen A Sep oa A gercHr WaT Ste BI MICR Teachnology 4 3 WR faa Pass Cet SAI HAT ST STA ZI Optical Scanner S84 Waited fata @ WHA aac W Se ST FI as SST Joystick : Fo VAT BHAT F tea Vert & fare feat STAT SI OCR, OMR and OBR : OMR 8% QAM Optical Mark Reader a ae wh tat fearee t St OMR Sheet Ue tae at oH & fae at safer az areata al Stet zl ase Saat yar Competitive examina- tion Ht answer book SH check Het A fat Sat FI sae var an aaa A wet oon at sae 21 OCR : 88h! 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