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    5. C_ControlStatements_Selection_1101

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    5. C_ControlStatements_Selection_1101

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    5. C_ControlStatements_Selection_1101

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    Control Statements

    Structured Programming Language (CSE-1271)


    Course Instructor : Mohammed Mamun Hossain
    Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, BAUST
    Outline
    1. Control Statements
    2. if statements
    3. if-else statements
    4. Switch statements
    5. Goto Statements
    6. Conditional Operator (Statements)
    Control Statements
    Let see a C program

    Selection OR

    Many time
    Repetition
    Control Statements
    Let see a C program
    Control Statements
    Let see a C program
    Sequential statements

    Selection statements

    Loop statements
    Control Statements
    Control the flow of execution in a program or function.
    There are three kinds of execution flow:

     Sequence: The execution of the program is sequential.

     Selection: A control structure which chooses alternative to execute.

     Repetition: A control structure which repeats a group of


    statements.
    if Statements
     One of C’s selection statement.
     Sometimes called conditional statements
     Itsoperation is governed by the outcome of a conditional test evaluates to
    either true or false.
     Inits simplest form, the if statement allows our program to conditionally
    execute a statement.
    if Statements
    Simplest form of if statement:
    if(expression)
    if(expression) {
    statement; statement;
    }

     For multiple statements:


    if(expression)
    {
    statement 1;
    statement 2;
    ……
    statement n;
    }
    if Statements
     The expression may be any valid C expression.

     If the expression evaluated as true, the statement will be executed.

     If it does not - the statement is bypassed and the line of code following
    the if is executed.
    if Statements
     The expression may be any valid C expression.

     If the expression evaluated as true, the statement will be executed.

     If it does not - the statement is bypassed and the line of code following
    the if is executed.
    if Statements
    In C, an expression is true if it evaluates to any nonzero values
    (5,9,-4,100 etc).
    If it evaluate to zero, it is false.
    int a=10, b=20; Output
    if(a<b)
    printf(“This line will print.”); This line will print.

    int a=10, b=20; Output


    if(a>b)
    printf(“This line will print.”);

    int a=10, b=20; Output


    if(0)
    printf(“This line will print.”);
    if Statements
    if Output
    int a=10, b=20;
    printf(“%d”, a<=b); 1

    int a=10, b=20; Output


    printf(“%d”, a>b);
    0
    int a=10, b=20; Output
    if(a)
    This line will print.
    printf(“This line will print.”);

    int a=-10, b=20; Output


    if(a)
    printf(“This line will print.”); This line will print.
    If-else Statements
    We can add else statement to the if.
    Then the if statement looks like this:

    if(expression)
    statement1;
    else
    statement2;
    If-else Statements
    Structure of simple if-else is:

    True
    if(expression)
    {
    statements
    }
    else OR
    {
    statements
    }
    If-else Statements
    Structure of simple if-else is:

    False
    if(expression)
    {
    statements
    }
    else OR
    {
    statements
    }
    If-else Statements
    Structure of nested if-else is:
    if(expression)
    {
    statements
    }
    else if(expression) OR
    {
    statements
    }
    ...
    else OR
    {
    statements
    }
    Switch Statements
    If is good for choosing between two alternatives
    When several alternatives are needed we should use switch
    statement.
    switch is C’s multiple selection statement.
    Use to select one of several alternative paths in program
    execution
    Switch Statements
    switch
    A value is successively tested
    against a list of integer or
    character constants.

    When the match is found, the


    statement sequence associated
    with that match is executed.

    Statement sequence are not


    blocks, not use curly braces
    Switch Statements
    switch
    Switch Statements
    Nested switch:
    If vs Switch

    switch can only test for equality, where the if conditional


    expression can be of any type
    switch will work with only int or char types. We can’t use
    float or others.
    Goto Statement
    When compiler encounters goto statement in a C program, the
    control jumps to the corresponding label mentioned along with
    Goto Statement
    Goto example
    Conditional Operator (Statements)
    The conditional operator ? :
    A conditional expression is written in the form

    expression 1 ? expression 2 : expression 3

    True or False? True False


    Conditional Operator (Statements)
    conditional operator

    (a+b)>=13 ? a = 100 : a = 1000 Now a is 100

    True or False? True


    Conditional Operator (Statements)
    conditional operator

    i = (a+b)<13 ? 100 : 1000 Now i is 1000


    False
    True or False?
    Thank You.
    Questions and Answer
    References
    Books:
    1. Programming With C. By Byron Gottfried
    2. The Complete Reference C. By Herbert Shield
    3. Programming in ANSI C By E. Balagurusamy
    4. Teach yourself C. By Herbert Shield

    Web:
    1. www.wikbooks.org
    and other slide, books and web search.

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