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28 views

4. C_IOandProgramming_1101

Uploaded by

mdtanvirislammasum34
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Input-Output

Structured Programming Language (CSE-1271)


Course Instructor : Mohammed Mamun Hossain
Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, BAUST
Outline
1. Data Type and Range
2. Basic Input and Output
3. Header Files
Data Type and Ranges
Integer Type:
Data Type and Ranges
Float Type:
The % Format Specifiers
 %c char single character
 %d (%i) int signed integer
 %e (%E) float or double exponential format
 %f float or double signed decimal
 %g (%G) float or double use %f or %e as required
 %o int unsigned octal value
 %p pointer address stored in pointer
 %s array of char sequence of characters
 %u int unsigned decimal
 %x (%X) int unsigned hex value
The % Format Specifiers
 %d (print as a decimal integer)
 %6d (print as a decimal integer with a width of at least 6 wide)
 %f (print as a floating point)
 %4f (print as a floating point with a width of at least 4 wide)
 %.4f(print as a floating point with a precision of four characters after the
decimal point)
 %3.2f (print as a floating point at least 3 wide and a precision of 2)
Format Specifiers Example
example
Library Function with Header file
 stdio.h:
I/O functions:
 getchar() returns the next character typed on the keyboard.
 putchar() outputs a single character to the screen.
 printf()
 scanf()

 string.h:String functions
 strcat() concatenates a copy of str2 to str1
 strcmp() compares two strings
 strcpy() copys contents of str2 to str1
Library Function with Header file
 ctype.h: Character functions
 isdigit() returns non-0 if arg is digit 0 to 9
 isalpha() returns non-0 if arg is a letter of the alphabet
 isalnum() returns non-0 if arg is a letter or digit
 islower() returns non-0 if arg is lowercase letter
 isupper() returns non-0 if arg is uppercase letter

 math.h: Mathematics functions


 cos() returns cosine of arg
 exp() returns natural logarithm e
 fabs() returns absolute value of num
 sqrt() returns square root of num
 pow() returns power of num as specified
Library Function with Header file
 time.h: Time and Date functions
 time() returns current calendar time of system
 difftime() returnsdifference in secs between two times
 clock() returns number of system clock cycles since program execution

 stdlib.h:
Miscellaneous functions
 malloc() provides dynamic memory allocation
 rand() generates random numbers
 srand() used to set the starting point for rand()
The scanf() & printf() functions
 The C library function scanf() reads input from stdin.
 The C library function printf() sends output to stdout..
The scanf() & printf() functions
examle2
The getchar() & putchar() functions
 The getchar() function reads only single character at a time.
 The putchar(c) function displays single character on the screen.
Programming example with getchar( ) and putchar()

char c;
printf( "Enter a value :");
c = getchar();
printf( "\nYou entered: ");
putchar(c);
The gets() & puts() functions
 The gets() function reads a line of text .
 The puts() function displays a line of text.

char str[100];
printf( "Enter a value :");
gets(str);
puts(str);
Thank You.
Questions and Answer
References
Books:
1. Programming With C. By Byron Gottfried
2. The Complete Reference C. By Herbert Shield
3. Programming in ANSI C By E. Balagurusamy
4. Teach yourself C. By Herbert Shield

Web:
1. www.wikbooks.org
and other slide, books and web search.

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