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1. C_Introduction

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mdtanvirislammasum34
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Introduction

Structured Programming Language (CSE-1101)


Course Instructor : Mohammed Mamun Hossain
Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, BAUST
Outline
1. Programming Languages
2. Language Translator
3. Basic Structure of C Program
4. Description of simple program
5. Needs of C programming
Uses of Computer
Why we use computer?
Simply we say that, it makes our life easier.

How or where?
 People in shops, factories, hospitals and schools use computers in lots of
different ways to do different types of jobs.
 Tosolve mathematical equations, communication, analyze data, store
information, play games and find information through the Internet.
Application of Computers
 Home
 Education
 Business
 Health Care
 Government
 Media and Communication
 Engineering Design
 Military
and many more…
Application of Computers
app
How computer understand our command/direction to
solve a problem?
Communicating with a Computer
Speaker encodes Listener decodes User encodes Computer decodes
information information information information

What is How with


communication? computer?

Listener returns feedback to speaker Computer returns results to user


Programs and Programming Languages
 Programming languages bridge the gap between human thought processes
and computer binary circuitry.
 Programming language: A series of specifically defined commands
designed by human programmers to give directions to digital computers.
 Commands are written as sets of instructions, called programs.

 Allprogramming language instructions must be expressed in binary code


before the computer can perform them.
Programs and Programming Languages
 Inthe beginning… To use a computer, you needed to know how to
program it.
 Today… People no longer need to know how to program in order to use
the computer.
 To see how this was accomplished, lets investigate how programming
languages evolved.

 First Generation - Machine Language (code)


Let’s see
 Second Generation - Assembly some
Language
example!
 Third Generation - People-Oriented Programming Languages
 Fourth Generation - Non-Procedural Languages
 Fifth Generation - Natural Languages
Definition | Programming Languages
 First Generation - Machine Language (code): Machine language
programs were made up of instructions written in binary code.
 Second Generation - Assembly Language: Assembly language
programs are made up of instructions written in mnemonics.
 Third Generation - People-Oriented Programs: Instructions in these
languages are called statements. High-level languages: Use statements
that resemble English phrases combined with mathematical terms needed
to express the problem or task being programmed.
 Fourth Generation - Non-Procedural Languages: Programming-like
systems aimed at simplifying the programmers task of imparting
instructions to a computer. Many are associated with specific application
packages. Query Languages, Report Writers, Application Generators.
Object-Oriented Languages: A language that expresses a computer
problem as a series of objects a system contains, the behaviors of those
objects, and how the objects interact with each other.
Definition | Programming Languages
 Fifth
Generation - Natural Languages: Languages that use ordinary
conversation in one’s own language.

 Research and experimentation toward this goal is being done.


 Intelligent compilers are now being developed to translate natural
language (spoken) programs into structured machine-coded instructions
that can be executed by computers.
 Effortless, error-free natural language programs are still some distance into
the future.
Translator | Programming Languages
A computer language translator is a program that translates a set of code
written in one programming language into a functional equivalent of the
code in another programming language or binary code or intermediate form
which computer can understand.

 Assemblers.
 Interpreters.
 Compilers.
Definition | Assembler
Assembled languages:
 Assembler: a program used to translate Assembly language programs.
 Producesone line of binary code per original program statement.
 The entire program is assembled before the program is sent to the
computer for execution.
Definition | Interpreter
Interpreted Languages:
 Interpreter: A program used to translate high-level programs.
 Translates one line of the program into binary code at a time:
 An instruction is fetched from the original source code.
 The Interpreter checks the single instruction for errors.
 The instruction is translated into binary code.
 The binary coded instruction is executed.
 The fetch and execute process repeats for the entire program.
Definition | Compiler
Compiled languages:
 Compiler: a program used to translate high-level programs.
 Translates the entire program into binary code before anything is sent
to the CPU for execution. The translation process for a compiled
program:
 First, the Compiler checks the entire program for syntax errors
in the original source code.
 Next, it translates all of the instructions into binary code.
• Two versions of the same program exist: the original source
code version, and the binary code version (object code).
 Last, the CPU attempts execution only after the programmer
requests that the program be executed.
Interpreter Vs Compiler
A complier converts the high level instruction into lower level language
(e.g., assembly language or machine code) while an interpreter converts
the high level instruction into an intermediate form.
 Thecompiler executes the entire program at a time, but the interpreter
executes each and every line individually.
 List
of errors is created by the compiler after the compilation process
while an interpreter stops translating after the first error.
 Autonomous executable file is generated by the compiler while interpreter
is compulsory for an interpreter program.
 Interpreter is smaller and simpler than compiler
 Interpreter is slower than compiler.
Interpreter Vs Compiler
compilerVSinterpreter
Building A Program
Whatever type of problem needs to be solved, a careful thought out plan of
attack, called an algorithm, is needed before a computer solution can be
determined.

1) Developing the algorithm.


2) Writing the program.
3) Documenting the program.
4) Testing and debugging the program.
C Programming
Why C?
Operating System (OS)
 Embedded System (ES)
 Microcontroller based programming (Robotics)
 System Programming
 Programming Language Development
 Game Engine
 Programming Contest

Importance of C:
 C language is efficient and fast.
 C is highly portable.
 C language is well suited for structured programming.
 C is a machine independent language.
 C has the ability to extend itself.
Basic Structure of C Program
C structure
Simple C Program
C program
Output

A comment is descriptive text used to help a reader of the program


understand its content.
 A C program line begins with # provides an instruction to the C
preprocessor. It is executed before the actual compilation is done.
 Every program must have a function called main. This is where program
execution begins.
 The statement return 0; indicates that main() returns a value of zero to the
operating system.
Home Work
 Find the relation between programming languages and translators
(assembler, compiler, interpreter).
 Write a program which shows the given output using printf():
SL Output
1. Your name
2. Dept. of CSE,
Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology,
Saidpur.
3. Your address with name, father’s name, mother’s name, village/road, district, division etc.
4. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
5. i) ii) iii) iv)
Thank You.
Questions and Answer
References
Books:
1. Programming With C. By Byron Gottfried
2. The Complete Reference C. By Herbert Shield
3. Programming in ANSI C By E. Balagurusamy
4. Teach yourself C. By Herbert Shield

Web:
1. www.wikbooks.org
and other slide, books and web search.

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