Doctor’s Health and safety

precautions monitor

Project Members/IDs
Mohamed Arafa 2004716
Mohamed Sameh 2004334
Youssef Altaher 2005760
Youssef wael 2004953
Mazen sooud 2006316
Omar Mohamed 2000745
Project Supervisor(s)
Dr. Gehad Ismail
Prof. Ashraf Zaher
Dr. Moheb Saad
Department of Electrical Engineering
Faculty of Engineering
German International University
March,7,2023

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Abstract. The progress of science and technology must be able to help resolve human medical
problems for human survival. The aim of the project is to help hospitals to ensure that the necessary
procedures are completed for any person entering the operating room or intensive care unit. In this
study, integrated measurement of oxygen saturation in the blood, detect that you wear a face mask
with sensor, heart rate and temperature of the human body have been made into one tool whose
measurement results are displayed directly on an LCD display on a measuring instrument. This tool
uses Arduino as its Microcontroller, MAX30100 sensor is used to measure blood oxygen saturation
and heart rate, and MLX90614 sensor to measure body temperature. Testing Measurements that have
been made are calibrated with Industrial standard measuring instruments (Oximeters) and digital
thermometers. The result is that the accuracy of the tool reaches 99.62% for blood oxygen saturation
measurements, 97.55% for heart rate, and 99.62% for body temperature when compared with industry
standard devices.

1.Introduction
In the ever-evolving field of healthcare, it is crucial to stay on the cutting edge of science and
technology to address the many challenges that impact human health. With this in mind, we
have developed a revolutionary project that aims to assist hospitals in ensuring that every
individual who enters the operating room or intensive care unit receives the best possible
care. Our project boasts an integrated measurement tool that provides accurate measurements
of oxygen saturation in the blood, detects whether the patient is wearing a face mask using
advanced sensors, and measures heart rate and body temperature. The resulting
measurements are then displayed in real-time on an easy-to-read LCD display, allowing
healthcare providers to closely monitor patients' vital signs and detect any abnormalities
quickly.
By implementing this groundbreaking project, we can solve several critical problems in the
healthcare industry. First and foremost, patient safety is of the utmost importance,
particularly in the operating room and intensive care unit. Our integrated measurement tool
provides reliable and accurate measurements of vital signs, allowing healthcare providers to
quickly detect any issues and take appropriate action. Secondly, this project will streamline
healthcare delivery, saving valuable time and reducing the risk of errors associated with using
multiple devices to measure different vital signs. Finally, the integrated sensor that detects
whether a patient is wearing a face mask or not can help prevent the spread of infections, an
increasingly important issue in the current healthcare landscape.
Our cutting-edge project is designed to revolutionize the healthcare industry, providing
healthcare providers with an all-in-one measurement tool that can improve patient outcomes,
streamline healthcare delivery, and promote patient safety.
The article discusses the public health concerns and risks associated with mass gatherings,
particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors propose a Deep Learning Based
Face Mask Detection in Religious Mass Gathering (DLFMD-RMG) technique to detect face
masks in religious mass gatherings. The disadvantages of mass gatherings during the
pandemic include the potential for spreading SARS-CoV-2, straining the response and
planning resources of the host community or country, and being related to destructive effects
on health services [1].
The article explores the use of IoT and smart technology to combat the spread of COVID-19.
It discusses the limitations of using infrared thermometers for mass screening and the
potential benefits of using smart masks with sensors. The article proposes a novel approach
of using smart masks to automate screening and enhance efficiency by measuring
temperature and breathing rate of wearers. The use of face mask sensors for detecting mask
type and fit has some drawbacks. The sensors may have limited accuracy and can
malfunction in certain environmental conditions or lighting. Moreover, the adoption of these

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sensors may face challenges due to personal preferences or privacy concerns of individuals
[2].
Development of Smart Healthcare Monitoring System in IoT Environment. This is a famous
research paper that has been posted in the national health library of medicine this research
paper dealt with the problem perfectly as there are five sensors used which are heartbeat
sensor, body temperature sensor, room temperature sensor, carbon monoxide and carbon
dioxide sensor [3]. The idea of this system is to ensure that all of the read variables are in its
normal condition, and this is great but, in our project, we considered another dimension
which is the safety precautions so, we added a sensor (like the face id check) that checks if
the doctor is wearing a face mask or not.
IoT-Based Healthcare-Monitoring System towards Improving Quality of Life This research
paper is mainly discussing an IOT based project that helps the doctors to deal with patients
semi remotely as there is a software that analyses the read results by the sensors of the
patients and gives a report of the case to the doctor, many specified sensors are used in this
project [4]. This project consists of a strong base as it saves time of both doctors and patients
and also allows anyone to get a fast checkup on himself but the problem with this paper is
there isn’t any accuracy details of any of the used devices so applying this project is
considered a kind of risk so according to this point we made sure that our research paper
contains all the names of the used devises in addition to the accuracy percentage of each
device.
Using Wearable Sensors for Remote Healthcare Monitoring System Sensor nodes can be
strategically placed on the human body create a cluster that is called wireless body area
network (WBAN) that can be used to collect patient’s vital signs. [5] But in our project, we
will monitor all of the health status without using any attached sensors to the human body.
Equity of health-care financing: a progressivity analysis for Egypt. The Egyptian health-care
system is still characterized by problems of quality, efficiency and equity (WHO, 2014). This
signals the need for immediate pursuit of health-care financing reform because many
constraints to the proper functioning of Egypt’s health-care system are finance-related [6].and
this what our project aims to do which is to increase the health-care quality in Egypt.
Knowledge and practices of infection control among healthcare workers the poor knowledge
on the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens (HIV, HBV, HCV) suggest most of the
respondents underestimate the risk of transmission and this may put HCW at risk of being
infected with these pathogens following exposure. This may explain the poor compliance
with the use of simple personal protective equipment such as gowns, caps and mask and
goggles identified in this study, as most of the respondent would have underestimated the risk
associated with invasive procedures [7]. due to the high rate of infection in this project we
aim to make sure that the doctors follow all safety ore cation before seeing the patient.
Characteristics of healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 This study describes the
characteristics of HCWs who tested positive for COVID-19 at Royal Hospital, Muscat,
Oman, which is the main hospital providing care for patients with moderate to severe
COVID-19, Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at risk of acquiring COVID-19 in the
workplace. Several reports have described the reasons leading to COVID-19 acquisition by
HCWs within healthcare settings.[8] and that is why we finds it important to put mask
detection in the project to avoid this harm.
Due to the noninvasive nature and relative importance of pulse oximetry readings, there are
very few situations that do not indicate its use. Pulse oximetry can provide a rapid tool to
assess oxygenation accurately. It is particularly useful in emergencies for this reason.
Cyanosis may not develop until oxygen saturation reaches about 67%. As such, pulse
oximetry is extremely useful because the signs and symptoms of hypoxemia may not be
visible on physical examination [9]. And that’s why we added this sensor in order to avoid

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any breathing problem. We observe from many research that most of the approaches done to
increase the safety of the patient is by testing the temperature of the doctor and doing some
health checkups on him so in this project we focused on increasing also the safety precautions
and this is done by the face mask detection added to the health monitor

2.Methodology
Firstly, we thought to use Arduino uno to implement all these functions but we found out that
it wouldn’t give us the adequate speed where the time in our case is very crucial and should
be as fast as possible so in our project we will use the raspberry pi which will receive images
from the raspberry pi camera and process it to detect the face mask also it will be connected
to all of the sensors and check the input data of each sensor and check if this data is normal or
there are some abnormal data which will cause the monitor not to proceed to the next
checkup which will result in not opening the closed door and prevent the doctor from
entering to the patient.

(1) Raspberry Pi
We chose the raspberry pi for many reasons some of them are:
_ The Raspberry Pi always boots from an SD card. It means that even a perfectly valid
installation of an operating system is available on a USB stick or an external hard drive, it can’t
be booted. In other words, external storage devices can be used but can’t be used to boot the
Raspberry Pi.
_ It does not support Bluetooth or Wi-Fi out of the box, but these supports can be added by
USB dongles.
_ Unfortunately, most Linux distributions are still a bit picky about their hardware, so it should
be first checked whether flavor of Linux supports particular device.
_ It doesn’t have built-in an Analog to Digital converter. External component must be used for
AD conversion.

(2) MAX30102 Heart Rate Sensor Oxygen Pulse

The MAX30102 can be used as an oximeter by measuring the oxygen concentration
in the blood (SpO2 percentage) and also can be used as heart rate sensor (beats per
minute). The device has two LEDs, one emitting red light, another emitting infrared
light. For pulse rate, only the infrared light is needed. Both the red light and infrared
light is used to measure oxygen levels in the blood.
How does the max 30102 pulse oximeter work?

When the heart pumps blood, there is an increase in oxygenated blood as a result of
having more blood. As the heart relaxes, the volume of oxygenated blood also
decreases. By knowing the time between the increase and decrease of oxygenated
blood, the pulse rate is determined.

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 eart rate sensor .

Easy-to-use I2C interface

It turns out, oxygenated blood absorbs more infrared light and passes more red light while
The MAX30102 can be used as an oximeter by measuring the oxygen concentration in the
blood (SpO2 percentage) and also can be used as heart rate sensor (beats per minute). The
device has two LEDs, one emitting red light, another emitting infrared light. For pulse rate,
only the infrared light is needed. Both the red light and infrared light is used to measure
oxygen levels in the blood.

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How does the max 30102 pulse oximeter work?
When the heart pumps blood, there is an increase in oxygenated blood as a result of having
more blood. As the heart relaxes, the volume of oxygenated blood also decreases. By
knowing the time between the increase and decrease of oxygenated blood, the pulse rate is
determined.
It turns out, oxygenated blood absorbs more infrared light and passes more red light while
deoxygenated blood absorbs red light and passes more infrared light. This is the main
function of the MAX30102: it reads the absorption levels for both light sources and store
them in a buffer that can be read via I2C.
Features
Working voltage: 5V
Integrates both complete pulse oximeter and heart rate sensor.
Easy-to-use I2C interface
(3) LM35DZ Human Body Temperature Sensor

LM35DZ is a precision integrated circuit temperature sensor that outputs an analog voltage

proportional to the temperature in Celsius. It can measure temperatures between -55°C to

+150°C with an accuracy of ±0.5°C at room temperature. The LM35DZ operates on a supply

voltage range of 4V to 30V and draws very low quiescent current. It is commonly used in a

wide range of applications such as temperature controllers, temperature measurement systems,

and thermal management systems. The small size and ease of use of the LM35DZ make it a

popular choice for many temperature sensing applications.

(4) RS raspberry pi camera v2 module board 8MP webcam video

The Raspberry Pi Camera V2 module board is an add-on board for the Raspberry Pi single-
board computer, which provides an 8-megapixel camera that can capture high-quality still
images and video. The camera module connects to the Raspberry Pi via a ribbon cable and
can be controlled through software libraries available for the Raspberry Pi. The camera
module features an 8-megapixel Sony IMX219 image sensor and supports up to 1080p30 and
720p60 video recording. It also supports still image capture up to 3280 x 2464 pixels. The
module has a fixed focus lens and a wide-angle field of view of 62.2 degrees. The camera
module can be used for a wide range of applications, including home security, wildlife
photography, time-lapse photography, and robotics. It can be controlled using Python code
and can be interfaced with various software libraries such as OpenCV, which enables real-
time image processing and computer vision applications. Overall, the Raspberry Pi Camera
V2 module board is a versatile and cost-effective solution for adding high-quality image and
video capture capabilities to a Raspberry Pi-based project.

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(5) monitor

Modelling and Analysis

The system architecture is shown in the Error: Reference source not found,
which integrates the following subsystems:

 Facemask detection (Developed/ Tested/ Completed?)

 Body Temperature check(Developed/ Tested/ Completed?)

 Oxygen percentage check (Developed/ Tested/ completed?)

 Heart rate sensor (Developed/ Tested/ not completed?)

 Lamp (Developed/ Tested/ not completed?)

 Door ()

Ensuring the safety of doctors and patients during medical procedures is of paramount
importance. However, there is no clear consensus on what constitutes a "safe" health status,
or how best to achieve it. The measurement of doctors' vital signs, such as oxygen saturation,
heart rate, and body temperature, is crucial in ensuring patient safety and protecting the
wellbeing of medical professionals.

Our safety precautions monitor is an important tool that should be considered for use in all
hospitals. By alerting doctors to any issues with their vital signs before entering an operation,
it helps prevent incidents such as fainting or suffocation, which can have devastating
consequences for both the doctor and the patient. Additionally, the monitor ensures that
doctors are wearing masks, thereby reducing the risk of healthcare-associated infections.

We believe that our safety precautions monitor represents a significant step forward in
improving the medical field. By prioritizing the safety and wellbeing of medical
professionals, we can enhance patient outcomes and create a more effective and efficient
healthcare system.

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Prototype :

Project Title: Health Monitoring System Using Raspberry Pi and Sensors

Project Description:

This project aims to create a health monitoring system using a Raspberry Pi and various
sensors. The system will be able to monitor heart rate, oxygen pulse, and body temperature.
The RS Raspberry Pi Camera V2 will be used to capture video and images of the user, which
can be used for analysis and diagnosis. The system will be connected to a web server, where
the user's health data can be accessed remotely.

Materials Needed:
 Raspberry Pi 4 Model B (4GB RAM)

 MAX30102 Heart Rate Sensor Oxygen Pulse

 LM35DZ Human Body Temperature Sensor

 RS Raspberry Pi Camera V2 Module Board 8MP Webcam Video

 Jumper wires

 Breadboard USB power supply

 MicroSD card (16GB or higher)

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Instructions:
1.Set up the Raspberry Pi by following the instructions on the Raspberry Pi website. Connect
the Raspberry Pi to a monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

2. Install the necessary software libraries for the sensors. For the MAX30102, you can use the
MAX30105 Python library. For the LM35DZ, you can use the Adafruit_Python_MCP3008
library.

3. Connect the MAX30102 sensor to the Raspberry Pi using jumper wires. The sensor has
three pins: VCC, GND, and SDA. Connect VCC to the 3.3V pin on the Raspberry Pi, GND to
the ground pin, and SDA to GPIO pin 3.

4. Connect the LM35DZ sensor to the Raspberry Pi using jumper wires. The sensor has three
pins: VCC, GND, and OUT. Connect VCC to the 5V pin on the Raspberry Pi, GND to the
ground pin, and OUT to GPIO pin 4.

5. Connect the RS Raspberry Pi Camera V2 to the Raspberry Pi. Follow the instructions on
the Raspberry Pi website for installing and configuring the camera.

6. Write a Python script to read data from the sensors and capture video and images from
the camera. You can use the picamera Python library for capturing video and images. You
can use the MAX30105 and Adafruit_MCP3008 libraries for reading data from the
MAX30102 and LM35DZ sensors, respectively.

7. Upload the Python script to the Raspberry Pi and run it. The script should continuously
monitor heart rate, oxygen pulse, and body temperature and capture video and images from
the camera.

Table 2
Status of components needed for the project

Item Code Item Description Qty Cost - Status

(Source) . EGP

Raspberry Pi Raspberry Pi 1 4500 LE received

MAX30102 Heart Rate Sensor Oxygen Pulse 1 100 LE ordered
LM35DZ Human Body Temperature Sensor 1 65 LE ordered

Camera V2 Raspberry Pi Camera Module 1 850 LE ordered

Wires and connections 1 ordered

Charge Controller 1 ordered

Batteries 1 ordered

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Conclusion

 Our project combines multiple sensors into a single tool for measuring vital signs and
detecting face mask usage.

 The tool achieved high accuracy in measuring oxygen saturation, heart rate, body
temperature, and face mask usage.

 The integration of multiple sensors into a single tool improves convenience and accuracy
for healthcare providers, streamlining the monitoring process and reducing the risk of
errors.

 The face mask detection feature helps prevent healthcare-associated infections and
improves patient safety.

 Our project has the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery by improving patient
outcomes and making healthcare more efficient.

 Literature Review (Completed)

 Modelling and Simulation ()
 Developing prototype ()
 Testing and validation of models and iteration ()
 Report Writing (will be done in final 4 weeks)

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References
[1] Abdullah S. AL-Malaise AL-Ghamdi, Sultanah M. Alshammari, and Mahmoud Ragab
are affiliated with the Information Systems Department and Center of Excellence in
Smart Environment Research at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
[2] M. Lazaro, A. Lazaro, R. Villarino, and D. Girbau. The article was edited by Amir
Rahmani
[3] Islam, M. M., Rahaman, A., & Islam, M. R. (2020). Development of Smart
Healthcare Monitoring System in IoT Environment. SN computer
science, 1(3), 185.
[4] Abdulmalek S, Nasir A, Jabbar WA, Almuhaya MAM, Bairagi AK, Khan MA-
M, Kee S-H. IoT-Based Healthcare-Monitoring System towards Improving
Quality of Life: A Review. Healthcare. 2022; 10(10):1993.
[5] Ademola Philip Abidoye1,2, Nureni Ayofe Azeez1,3, Ademola Olusola
Adesina1,2, Kehinde K. Agbele1,2, Henry O. Nyongesa1,2 1 Soft
Computing and Natural Language Research Group, Bellville, South
Africa 2 Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Natural Science,
University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
[6] Yara Ahmed, Racha Ramadan and Mohamed Fathi Sakr Department of
Economics, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo
University, Giza, Egypt
[7] Garba Iliyasu1, Farouq Muhammad Dayyab2, Zaiyad Garba Habib2,
Abdulwasiu Bolaji Tiamiyu2, Salisu Abubakar3, Mohammad Sani
Mijinyawa1, Abdulrazaq Garba Habib11 Department of Medicine,
College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria 2
Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano,
Nigeria 3 Department of Nursing, Infection Control Unit, Aminu Kano
Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria

[8] Z. Al Maskari, A. Al Blushi, F. Khamis et al. International Journal of

Infectious Diseases 102 (2021) 32–36

[9] Sandeep Sharma, Brant B. Hafen,StatPearls Publishing, Treasure

Island (FL)25 Sep 2018

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